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15 pages, 401 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Computational Analysis of Darcy–Forchheimer Flow of Cu/Al–Al₂O₃ Hybrid Nanofluid in Water over a Heated Stretchable Plate with Nonlinear Radiation

by Nazek Alessa, R. Sindhu, S. Divya, S. Eswaramoorthi, Karuppusamy Loganathan and Kashi Sai Prasad

Micromachines 2023, 14(2), 338; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14020338 - 28 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1163

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the Darcy–Forchheimer flow = of

H_{2} O

-based

A l - A l_{2} O_{3} /

C u - A l_{2} O_{3}

hybrid nanofluid past a heated stretchable plate including heat [...] Read more.

The aim of this study is to examine the Darcy–Forchheimer flow = of

H_{2} O

-based

A l - A l_{2} O_{3} /

C u - A l_{2} O_{3}

hybrid nanofluid past a heated stretchable plate including heat consumption/ generation and non-linear radiation impacts. The governing flow equations are formulated using the Naiver–Stokes equation. These flow equations are re-framed by using the befitted transformations. The MATLAB bvp4c scheme is utilized to compute the converted flow equations numerically. The graphs, tables, and charts display the vicissitudes in the hybrid nanofluid velocity, hybrid nanofluid temperature, skin friction coefficient, and local Nusselt number via relevant flow factors. It can be seen that the hybrid nanofluid velocity decreased as the magnetic field parameter was increased. The hybrid nanofluid temperature tended to rise as the heat absorption/generation, nanoparticle volume friction, and nonlinear radiation parameters were increased. The surface drag force decreased when the quantity of the magnetic parameter increased. The larger size of the radiation parameter led to enrichment of the heat transmission gradient. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nanofluids in Magnetic/Electric Fields)

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14 pages, 453 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of Ternary Nanoparticles in the Heat Transfer of an MHD Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow

by Noman Sarwar, Saad Jahangir, Muhammad Imran Asjad and Sayed M. Eldin

Micromachines 2022, 13(12), 2149; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13122149 - 05 Dec 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1744

Abstract

This paper introduces a novel theoretical model of ternary nanoparticles for the improvement of heat transmission. Ternary nanoparticles in a heat conductor are shown in this model. Ternary nanoparticles consist of three types of nanoparticles with different physical properties, and they are suspended [...] Read more.

This paper introduces a novel theoretical model of ternary nanoparticles for the improvement of heat transmission. Ternary nanoparticles in a heat conductor are shown in this model. Ternary nanoparticles consist of three types of nanoparticles with different physical properties, and they are suspended in a base fluid. Analytical solutions for the temperature and velocity fields are found by using the Laplace transform approach and are modeled by using a novel fractional operator. As a result, the ternary nanoparticles are identified, and an improved heat transfer feature is observed. Further experimental research on ternary nanoparticles is being carried out in anticipation of a faster rate of heat transmission. According to the graphed data, ternary nanoparticles have greater thermal conductivity than that of hybrid nanoparticles. Moreover, the fractional approach based on the Fourier law is a more reliable and efficient way of modeling the heat transfer problem than the artificial approach. The researchers were driven to create a concept of existing nanoparticles in order to boost heat transfer, since there is a strong demand in the industry for a cooling agent with improved heat transfer capabilities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nanofluids in Magnetic/Electric Fields)

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20 pages, 4483 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Significance of Free Convection Flow over an Oscillating Inclined Plate Induced by Nanofluid with Porous Medium: The Case of the Prabhakar Fractional Approach

by Ali Raza, Umair Khan, Sayed M. Eldin, Abeer M. Alotaibi, Samia Elattar, Ballajja C. Prasannakumara, Nevzat Akkurt and Ahmed M. Abed

Micromachines 2022, 13(11), 2019; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13112019 - 19 Nov 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1457

Abstract

Given the importance and use of electrically conducted nanofluids, this work aims to examine an engine-oil-based nanofluid including various nanoparticles. In the current study, a fractional model for inspecting the thermal aspect of a Brinkman-type nanofluid, composed of (molybdenum disulfide (MOS₂ [...] Read more.

Given the importance and use of electrically conducted nanofluids, this work aims to examine an engine-oil-based nanofluid including various nanoparticles. In the current study, a fractional model for inspecting the thermal aspect of a Brinkman-type nanofluid, composed of (molybdenum disulfide (MOS₂) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles flows on an oscillating infinite inclined plate, which characterizes an asymmetrical fluid flow, heat, and mass transfer. Furthermore, the Newtonian heating effect, magnetic field, and slip boundary conditions were taken into account. The objectives for implementing the Prabhakar-like fractional model are justified because this fractional algorithm has contemporary definitions with no singularity restrictions. Furthermore, the guided fractional model was solved using the Laplace transform and several inverse methods. The obtained symmetrical solutions have been visually analyzed to investigate the physics of several relevant flow parameters on the governed equations. Some exceptional cases for the momentum field are compiled to see the physical analysis of the flowing fluid symmetry. The results show that the thermal enhancement can be progressively improved with the interaction of the molybdenum disulfide-engine oil-based nanofluid suspension, rather than with the graphene oxide mixed nanoparticle fluid. Furthermore, the temperature and momentum profiles enhance due to the factional parameters for molybdenum disulfide and the graphene oxide-engine oil-based nanofluid suspension. This study’s graphical and numerical comparison with the existing literature has shown a very close resemblance with the present work, which provides confidence that the unavailable results are accurate. The results show that an increase improved the heat transmission in the solid nanoparticle volume fractions. In addition, the increment in the mass and heat transfer was analyzed in the numerical evaluation, while the shear stress was enhanced with the enhancement in the Prabhakar fractional parameter α. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nanofluids in Magnetic/Electric Fields)

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21 pages, 8116 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analytical Approach for a Heat Transfer Process through Nanofluid over an Irregular Porous Radially Moving Sheet by Employing KKL Correlation with Magnetic and Radiation Effects: Applications to Thermal System

by Umair Khan, Aurang Zaib, Anuar Ishak, Iskandar Waini, Zehba Raizah and Ahmed M. Galal

Micromachines 2022, 13(7), 1109; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13071109 - 15 Jul 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1367

Abstract

The aluminum nanoparticle is adequate for power grid wiring, such as the distribution of local power and the transmission of aerial power lines, because of its higher conductivity. This nanoparticle is also one of the most commonly used materials in applications in the [...] Read more.

The aluminum nanoparticle is adequate for power grid wiring, such as the distribution of local power and the transmission of aerial power lines, because of its higher conductivity. This nanoparticle is also one of the most commonly used materials in applications in the electrical field. Thus, in this study, a radiative axisymmetric flow of Casson fluid, induced by water-based Al₂O₃ nanofluid by using the Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li (KKL) correlation, is investigated. The impact of the magnetic field is also taken into account. KKL correlation is utilized to compute the thermal conductivity and effective viscosity. Analytical double solutions are presented for the considered axisymmetric flow model after implementing the similarity technique to transmute the leading equations into ordinary differential equations. The obtained analytic forms were used to examine and discuss the velocity profile, the temperature distribution, reduced heat transfer, and coefficient of reduced skin friction. The analytic solutions indicate that the velocity profile decreases in the branch of the first solution and uplifts in the branch of the second solution due to the presence of an aluminum particle, whereas the dimensionless temperature enhances in both solutions. In addition, the Casson parameter increases the friction factor, as well as the heat transport rate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nanofluids in Magnetic/Electric Fields)

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13 pages, 5071 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fluorescence Imaging Characterization of the Separation Process in a Monolithic Microfluidic Free-Flow Electrophoresis Device Fabricated Using Low-Temperature Co-Fired Ceramics

by Pedro Couceiro and Julián Alonso-Chamarro

Micromachines 2022, 13(7), 1023; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13071023 - 28 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1438

Abstract

A monolithic microfluidic free-flow electrophoresis device, fabricated using low-temperature co-fired ceramic technology, is presented. The device integrates gold electrodes and a 20 µm thick transparent ceramic optical window, suitable for fluorescence imaging, into a multilevel microfluidic chamber design. The microfluidic chamber consists of [...] Read more.

A monolithic microfluidic free-flow electrophoresis device, fabricated using low-temperature co-fired ceramic technology, is presented. The device integrates gold electrodes and a 20 µm thick transparent ceramic optical window, suitable for fluorescence imaging, into a multilevel microfluidic chamber design. The microfluidic chamber consists of a 60 µm deep separation chamber and two, 50 µm deep electrode chambers separated by 10 µm deep side channel arrays. Fluorescence imaging was used for in-chip, spatial-temporal characterization of local pH variations in separation conditions as well as to characterize the separation process. The device allowed baseline resolution separation of a sample mixture of Fluorescein, Rhodamine 6G, and 4-Methylumbelliferone at pH 7.0, in only 6 s, using 378 V.s/cm. The results demonstrate the possibility of studying a chemical process using fluorescence imaging within the traditional fields of low-temperature co-fired ceramics technology, such as high-electrical-field applications, while using a simple fabrication procedure suitable for low-cost mass production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nanofluids in Magnetic/Electric Fields)

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15 pages, 3972 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Computational Valuation of Darcy Ternary-Hybrid Nanofluid Flow across an Extending Cylinder with Induction Effects

by Khalid Abdulkhaliq M. Alharbi, Ahmed El-Sayed Ahmed, Maawiya Ould Sidi, Nandalur Ameer Ahammad, Abdullah Mohamed, Mohammed A. El-Shorbagy, Muhammad Bilal and Riadh Marzouki

Micromachines 2022, 13(4), 588; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13040588 - 09 Apr 2022

Cited by 87 | Viewed by 2768

Abstract

The flow of an electroconductive incompressible ternary hybrid nanofluid with heat conduction in a boundary layer including metallic nanoparticles (NPs) over an extended cylindrical with magnetic induction effects is reported in this research. The ternary hybrid nanofluid has been synthesized with the dispersion [...] Read more.

The flow of an electroconductive incompressible ternary hybrid nanofluid with heat conduction in a boundary layer including metallic nanoparticles (NPs) over an extended cylindrical with magnetic induction effects is reported in this research. The ternary hybrid nanofluid has been synthesized with the dispersion of titanium dioxide, cobalt ferrite, and magnesium oxide NPs in the base fluid water. For a range of economical and biological applications, a computational model is designed to augment the mass and energy conveyance rate and promote the performance and efficiency of thermal energy propagation. The model has been written as a system of partial differential equations. Which are simplified to the system of ordinary differential equations through similarity replacements. The computing approach parametric continuation method is used to further process the resultant first order differential equations. The results are validated with the bvp4c package for accuracy and validity. The outcomes are displayed and analyzed through Figures and Tables. It has been observed that the inverse Prandtl magnetic number and a larger magnetic constant reduce the fluid flow and elevate the energy profile. The variation of ternary hybrid NPs significantly boosts the thermophysical features of the base fluid. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nanofluids in Magnetic/Electric Fields)

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17 pages, 6996 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Activation Energy Impact on Flow of AA7072-AA7075/Water-Based Hybrid Nanofluid through a Cone, Wedge and Plate

by Maaliger B. Rekha, Ioannis E. Sarris, Javali K. Madhukesh, Kondethimmanahalli R. Raghunatha and Ballajja C. Prasannakumara

Micromachines 2022, 13(2), 302; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13020302 - 16 Feb 2022

Cited by 59 | Viewed by 2643

Abstract

The present research investigates the effect of a heat source/sink on nanofluid flow through a cone, wedge, and plate when using a suspension of aluminium alloys (AA7072 and AA7075) as nanoparticles in base fluid water. The activation energy and porous material are also [...] Read more.

The present research investigates the effect of a heat source/sink on nanofluid flow through a cone, wedge, and plate when using a suspension of aluminium alloys (AA7072 and AA7075) as nanoparticles in base fluid water. The activation energy and porous material are also considered in the modelling. Using similarity transformations, the modelling equations were converted into an ordinary differential equation (ODEs) system. The Runge Kutta Fehlberg 45 fourth fifth-order (RKF 45) technique and shooting approach were used to numerically solve these equations. The influence of essential aspects on flow fields, heat, and mass transfer rates was studied and addressed using graphical representations. The outcome reveals that the case of fluid flow past a plate shows improved heat transfer for augmented heat source/sink parameter values than the cases for fluid flow past a cone and wedge does. Furthermore, we observed the least heat transfer for the case of fluid flow past the cone. The mass transfer for the case of fluid flow past the cone increased more slowly for growing activation energy parameter values than in the other cases. Moreover, we observed higher mass transfer rates for the case of fluid flow past the plate. The augmented values of the heat source/sink parameter decayed the heat transfer rate in all three flow cases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nanofluids in Magnetic/Electric Fields)

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17 pages, 4794 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An MHD Fluid Flow over a Porous Stretching/Shrinking Sheet with Slips and Mass Transpiration

by A. B. Vishalakshi, U. S. Mahabaleshwar and Ioannis E. Sarris

Micromachines 2022, 13(1), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13010116 - 12 Jan 2022

Cited by 35 | Viewed by 2014

Abstract

In the present paper, an MHD three-dimensional non-Newtonian fluid flow over a porous stretching/shrinking sheet in the presence of mass transpiration and thermal radiation is examined. This problem mainly focusses on an analytical solution; graphene water is immersed in the flow of a [...] Read more.

In the present paper, an MHD three-dimensional non-Newtonian fluid flow over a porous stretching/shrinking sheet in the presence of mass transpiration and thermal radiation is examined. This problem mainly focusses on an analytical solution; graphene water is immersed in the flow of a fluid to enhance the thermal efficiency. The given non-linear PDEs are mapped into ODEs via suitable transformations, then the solution is obtained in terms of incomplete gamma function. The momentum equation is analyzed, and to derive the mass transpiration analytically, this mass transpiration is used in the heat transfer analysis and to find the analytical results with a Biot number. Physical significance parameters, including volume fraction, skin friction, mass transpiration, and thermal radiation, can be analyzed with the help of graphical representations. We indicate the unique solution at stretching sheet and multiple solution at shrinking sheet. The physical scenario can be understood with the help of different physical parameters, namely a Biot number, magnetic parameter, inverse Darcy number, Prandtl number, and thermal radiation; these physical parameters control the analytical results. Graphene nanoparticles are used to analyze the present study, and the value of the Prandtl number is fixed to 6.2. The graphical representations help to discuss the results of the present work. This problem is used in many industrial applications such as Polymer extrusion, paper production, metal cooling, glass blowing, etc. At the end of this work, we found that the velocity and temperature profile increases with the increasing values of the viscoelastic parameter and solid volume fraction; additionally, efficiency is increased for higher values of thermal radiation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nanofluids in Magnetic/Electric Fields)

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Review

Jump to: Research

22 pages, 2075 KiB

Open AccessReview

Sedimentation Stability of Magnetorheological Fluids: The State of the Art and Challenging Issues

by Seung-Bok Choi

Micromachines 2022, 13(11), 1904; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13111904 - 03 Nov 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 1650

Abstract

Among the many factors causing particle sedimentation, three principal ingredients are heavily involved: magnetic particles, a carrier liquid (base oil), and additives (surfactant). Therefore, many works have been carried out to improve the sedimentation stability of magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) by adopting the three [...] Read more.

Among the many factors causing particle sedimentation, three principal ingredients are heavily involved: magnetic particles, a carrier liquid (base oil), and additives (surfactant). Therefore, many works have been carried out to improve the sedimentation stability of magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) by adopting the three methods. In the particle modification stage, the weight concentration, size distribution, particle shape, coated materials, and combinations of different sizes of the particles have been proposed, while for the modification of the carrier liquid, several works on the density increment, wettability control, and the use of natural oils, lubricant oil, grease, and ethyl- and butyl-acetate oils have been undertaken. Recently, in certain recipes to improve sedimentation stability, some additives such as aluminum stearate were used to increase the redispersibility of the aggregated particles. In addition, several works using more than two recipes modifying both the particles and base oils are being actively carried out to achieve higher sedimentation stability. This review article comprehensively introduces and discuses the recipes to improve sedimentation stability from the aspects of the three ingredients. A few conceptual methodologies to prevent the sedimentation occurring via a bottle’s storage on the shelves of the application systems are also presented, since, to the author’s knowledge, there has not been a report on this issue. These are challenging works to be explored and developed for successful application systems’ MRFs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nanofluids in Magnetic/Electric Fields)

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