Modified Electrode: Design, Fabrication, and Applications

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "C:Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 967

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Environment Department, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman 7631885356, Iran
Interests: electrochemistry; electrochemical sensors and biosensors; food analysis; environmental analysis; synthesis of nanomaterials
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The concept of controlling the molecular architecture at the electrode/electrolyte interface in order to design sensors has been an active area of research for many decades. Today, virtually all electrochemical sensing interfaces undergo modification(s) of some kind as a means to induce selectivity, improve sensitivity and eliminate interference. Electrodes that are prepared by immobilizing selected chemistries to endow the electrode with the desired sensing properties, for example, chemical, electrochemical, enhanced transport, are known as chemically modified electrodes (CMEs). Since the emergence of CMEs, the field of electroanalysis has moved from traditional studies confined to inert electrode materials (such as bare C, Au, Hg, and Pt) at the electrode interface to a hugely diverse range of interface compositions being used in applied research today. CMEs are the analytical workhorse of choice when rapid and on-site analysis is demanded in medical diagnostics and food safety, for environmental protection, process control, wastewater treatment, energy storage, and life sciences discovery research, among many others. Current research today focuses on developing CMEs for sensor platforms for specific analytes in these application fields and addresses challenges that need to be solved before viable commercial products can be designed.

This article will outline some specific recent highlights in terms of the functional chemical materials in CMEs and discuss how they have helped to address important challenges in chemical sensing applications.

Prof. Dr. Hadi Beitollahi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • chemically modified electrodes
  • electrochemical sensors
  • electrochemical biosensors
  • energy storage
  • food analysis
  • environmental analysis
  • biomedical analysis
  • fuel cells

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 1587 KiB  
Article
Construction and Application of an Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of D-Penicillamine Based on Modified Carbon Paste Electrode
by Arefeh Mohammadnavaz, Hadi Beitollahi and Sina Modiri
Micromachines 2024, 15(2), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15020220 - 31 Jan 2024
Viewed by 758
Abstract
D-penicillamine (D-PA) is a sulfur-containing drug that has been used for various health conditions. However, like any medication, overdosing on D-PA can have adverse effects and may require additional treatment. Therefore, developing simple and sensitive methods for sensing D-PA can play a crucial [...] Read more.
D-penicillamine (D-PA) is a sulfur-containing drug that has been used for various health conditions. However, like any medication, overdosing on D-PA can have adverse effects and may require additional treatment. Therefore, developing simple and sensitive methods for sensing D-PA can play a crucial role in improving its efficacy and reducing its side effects. Sensing technologies, such as electrochemical sensors, can enable accurate and real-time measurement of D-PA concentrations. In this work, we developed a novel electrochemical sensor for detecting D-PA by modifying a carbon paste electrode (CPE) with a multi-walled carbon nanotube-Co3O4 nanocomposite, benzoyl-ferrocene (BF), and ionic liquid (IL) (MWCNT-Co3O4/BF/ILCPE). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and chronoamperometry (CHA) were employed to explore the electrochemical response of D-PA on the developed sensor, the results of which verified a commendable electrochemical performance towards D-PA. Under optimized conditions, the developed sensor demonstrated a rapid response to D-PA with a linear dynamic range of 0.05 μM–100.0 μM, a low detection limit of 0.015 μM, and a considerable sensitivity of 0.179 μA μM−1. Also, the repeatability, stability, and reproducibility of the MWCNT-Co3O4/BF/ILCPE sensor were studied and showed good characteristics. In addition, the detection of D-PA in pharmaceutical and biological matrices yielded satisfactory recoveries and relative standard deviation (RSD) values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modified Electrode: Design, Fabrication, and Applications)
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