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Metals
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Wear and Corrosion Behavior of High-Entropy Alloy
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Wear and Corrosion Behavior of High-Entropy Alloy

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Corrosion and Protection".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 16078

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Dongyang Li

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
Interests: material design; surfaces & interfaces; wear and corrosion; computational materials science
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yunqing Tang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
Interests: computational materials science; high-entropy ceramics and alloys; wear
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mingyu Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
Interests: corrosion; wear; electrochemistry; materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

High-entropy alloy has attracted considerable interest due to its non-traditional design concept. High-entropy alloy was initially defined as an alloy containing five or more elements with concentrations between 5 and 35 atomic percent, which is considered as a material without apparent host elements and is in solid solution state. Extensive studies have been conducted, which demonstrate the promise of high-entropy alloys for various technical applications, ascribed to the superiority of some of their properties. High-entropy alloys have been shown to possess high resistance to wear, corrosion and corrosive wear, compared to many industrial materials. However, wear is a complex process, involving mechanical, metallurgical, physical and chemical interactions. In order to comprehensively assess the wear behaviour of high-entropy alloys and take full advantages of the alloys for effective tribological applications, the performance of high-entropy alloys in various wear modes, e.g., abrasive wear, erosive wear, corrosive wear, and wear at elevated temperatures, etc., needs to be evaluated with fundamental understanding in order to tailor the alloys for maximized benefits. Manuscripts that report studies of the following topics (but not limited to) are welcome for this special issue.        

  • Wear of high-entropy alloys in different wear modes and mechanisms
  • Corrosion and corrosion-wear synergy of high-entropy alloys
  • High-entropy alloy design for tribological applications.
  • Performance comparison between high-entropy and medium-entropy alloys during wear and corrosion processes
  • High-entropy tribo-coatings
  • Microstructure-property-wear performance relationships
  • Computational modeling
  • Theoretical aspects of wear of high-entropy alloys

Prof. Dr. Dongyang Li
Dr. Yunqing Tang
Dr. Mingyu Wu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • High-entropy alloy
  • Medium-entropy alloy
  • Wear and wear mode
  • Corrosion
  • Wear-corrosion synergy
  • Microstructure-property relationships
  • Computational modeling
  • Theoretical aspects

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 4501 KiB  
Article
Wear Resistance Prediction of AlCoCrFeNi-X (Ti, Cu) High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Based on Machine Learning
by Jiajie Kang, Yi Niu, Yongkuan Zhou, Yunxiao Fan and Guozheng Ma
Metals 2023, 13(5), 939; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13050939 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1704
Abstract
In order to save the time and cost of friction and wear experiments, the coating composition (different contents of Al, Ti, and Cu elements), ratio of hardness and elastic modulus (H3/E2), vacuum heat treatment (VHT) temperature, and wear form [...] Read more.
In order to save the time and cost of friction and wear experiments, the coating composition (different contents of Al, Ti, and Cu elements), ratio of hardness and elastic modulus (H3/E2), vacuum heat treatment (VHT) temperature, and wear form were used as input variables, and the wear rates of high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings were used as output variables. The dataset was entirely obtained by experiment. Four machine learning algorithms (classification and regression tree (CART), random forest (RF), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), and adaptive boosting (AdaBoost)) were used to predict the wear resistance of HEA coatings based on a small amount of data. The results show that except for the GBDT model, the other three models had good performance. Because of the small amount of data, the CART model demonstrated the best prediction performance and can provide guidance for predicting the wear resistance of AlCoCrFeNi-X (Ti, Cu) HEA coatings for drilling equipment. Furthermore, the contribution of different factors to the wear rate of AlCoCrFeNi-X (Ti, Cu) HEA coatings was obtained. Al content had the greatest influence on wear rate, followed by H3/E2, wear form, and VHT temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wear and Corrosion Behavior of High-Entropy Alloy)
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17 pages, 3584 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Wear Resistance of A2/B2 Type Medium-Entropy Alloy Matrix Reinforced with Tungsten Particles by In-Situ Reaction
by Mingyu Wu, Guijiang Diao, Zhen Xu, Ruiken Sim, Wengang Chen, Daolun Chen and Dongyang Li
Metals 2023, 13(4), 656; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13040656 - 25 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1427
Abstract
Microstructure, mechanical properties, wear resistance, corrosion and corrosive wear resistance of AlCrFeNiWx (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) prepared by vacuum arc melting process were investigated. Results of the study show that the microstructure of as-cast AlCrFeNiW [...] Read more.
Microstructure, mechanical properties, wear resistance, corrosion and corrosive wear resistance of AlCrFeNiWx (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) prepared by vacuum arc melting process were investigated. Results of the study show that the microstructure of as-cast AlCrFeNiWx alloys is composed of one disordered Fe-Cr rich BCC phase (A2) and one ordered NiAl-rich (B2) phase when x = 0 and 0.1; W particles appear when x ≥ 0.2. Hardness and strength of AlCrFeNi alloy are markedly increased by the W addition. The strengthening mechanisms include solid-solution strengthening, nano-sized precipitation strengthening and second phase strengthening. The excellent ductility of AlCrFeNi is retained with minor W addition (x ≤ 0.2) but it considerably declines as more W is added, resulting from the precipitation of excessive large-sized W particles. W addition improves the pitting resistance and passivation property of AlCrFeNi HEA in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution. It is shown that AlCrFeNiW0.3 possesses the highest corrosion resistance, as reflected by the highest Ecorr and the lowest Icorr. Tungsten notably enhances the resistance of this HEA to wear and corrosive wear. AlCrFeNiW0.4 with the highest strength and hardness exhibits the lowest wear volume loss under both dry and corrosive wear conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wear and Corrosion Behavior of High-Entropy Alloy)
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16 pages, 5899 KiB  
Article
Achieving a Combination of Higher Strength and Higher Ductility for Enhanced Wear Resistance of AlCrFeNiTi0.5 High-Entropy Alloy by Mo Addition
by Mingyu Wu, Junfeng Yuan, Guijiang Diao and Dongyang Li
Metals 2022, 12(11), 1910; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12111910 - 08 Nov 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1539
Abstract
AlCrFeNiTi0.5Mox (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were prepared by arc melting and investigated in terms of microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear resistance. All the as-cast HEAs are composed of one disordered BCC phase (BCC) [...] Read more.
AlCrFeNiTi0.5Mox (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were prepared by arc melting and investigated in terms of microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear resistance. All the as-cast HEAs are composed of one disordered BCC phase (BCC) and one ordered BCC (B2) phase. The added Mo acted as a solid solute in the BCC phase. When Mo molar ratio was more than 0.3, a new type or modified BCC phase formed at the grain boundary, which was enriched with both Mo and Ti. Strength, hardness, and ductility of AlCrFeNiTi0.5 were markedly increased with the Mo addition. The increase in hardness was caused by Mo-solute strengthened disordered BCC phase and precipitation-strengthening by precipitation of hard (Mo, Ti)-rich BCC phase at grain boundaries. The improved ductility was largely attributed to reduced interfacial lattice mismatch between the BCC and B2 phase. The Mo-free AlCrFeNiTi0.5 showed the highest wear loss, about 2.5 times as large as that of AlCrFeNiTi0.5Mo0.4 alloy, which possessed the highest hardness, yield strength, maximum strength, and ductility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wear and Corrosion Behavior of High-Entropy Alloy)
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11 pages, 6755 KiB  
Article
Wear-Resistant Fe6AlCoCrNi Medium-Entropy Alloy Coating Made by Laser Cladding
by Ke Chen, Hongbo Pan, Mingyu Wu, Xianfa Wang and Dongyang Li
Metals 2022, 12(10), 1686; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101686 - 09 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1314
Abstract
An Fe6AlCoCrNi medium-entropy (MEA) coating was coated on a steel substrate by laser cladding. The micro-structure, crystal structure, phases, and wear properties of the coating were investigated. The coating was mainly composed of a dendritic face-center cubic (FCC) phase, which showed [...] Read more.
An Fe6AlCoCrNi medium-entropy (MEA) coating was coated on a steel substrate by laser cladding. The micro-structure, crystal structure, phases, and wear properties of the coating were investigated. The coating was mainly composed of a dendritic face-center cubic (FCC) phase, which showed preferred crystal orientation of <2 0 0>, normal to the coating surface, and a body-center cubic (BCC) phase. The MEA coating exhibited satisfactory rigidity with superior wear resistance at different loads and temperatures, much higher than that of the steel substrate. When the test temperature increased from 293 K to 573 K, the coefficient of friction (COF) of the coating markedly decreased from about 0.75 to 0.35; a large decrease in wear was also observed. The wear mechanism of the MEA coating was abrasion wear at room temperature, while the wear of the coating at high temperatures involved considerable oxidation, which enhanced the wear resistance of the coating. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wear and Corrosion Behavior of High-Entropy Alloy)
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14 pages, 16063 KiB  
Article
Friction and Wear Properties of CoCrFeNiMnSnx High Entropy Alloy Coatings Prepared via Laser Cladding
by Jie Sun, Sichao Dai, Dabin Zhang, Wudong Si, Benchi Jiang, Da Shu, Lulu Wu, Chao Zhang, Meisong Zhang and Xinyan Xiong
Metals 2022, 12(7), 1230; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12071230 - 21 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1857
Abstract
Due to its unique single-phase multivariate alloy characteristics and good low-temperature mechanical properties, CoCrFeNiMn high entropy alloy (HEA) has attracted the interest of many researchers in recent years. In this paper, to improve the wear resistance of Q235 alloy steel surface, CoCrFeNiMnSnx [...] Read more.
Due to its unique single-phase multivariate alloy characteristics and good low-temperature mechanical properties, CoCrFeNiMn high entropy alloy (HEA) has attracted the interest of many researchers in recent years. In this paper, to improve the wear resistance of Q235 alloy steel surface, CoCrFeNiMnSnx HEA coatings were prepared on the surface of Q235 steel via laser cladding. X-ray diffractometry, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometry were used to determine the microstructure and chemical composition. The research findings revealed that the CoCrFeNiMn HEA coatings were formed from a single FCC phase. As the Sn content in the coating increased, a new MnNi2Sn phase formed. Microhardness and friction and wear results showed that when the mole content of Sn was 0.2, the hardness of the CoCrFeNiMn HEA coating was increased by approximately 45%, the friction coefficient decreased by 0.168, and the wear loss decreased by 16.6%. Three-dimensional noncontact morphology and SEM results revealed that the wear mechanisms of CoCrFeNiMn HEA coatings were abrasive wear, delamination wear and a small amount of oxidative wear under dry friction conditions, whereas the friction mechanisms of CoCrFeNiMnSn0.2 HEA coatings were primarily abrasive wear and oxidative wear. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wear and Corrosion Behavior of High-Entropy Alloy)
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15 pages, 3209 KiB  
Article
Corrosion Behavior of AlFeCrCoNiZrx High-Entropy Alloys in 0.5 M Sulfuric Acid Solution
by Yuhong Yao, Yaohua Jin, Wei Gao, Xiaoyu Liang, Jian Chen and Shidong Zhu
Metals 2021, 11(9), 1471; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11091471 - 16 Sep 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2271
Abstract
AlCoCrFeNiZrx (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were prepared by a non-consumable vacuum arc melting technology, and the microstructure and corrosion behavior were investigated by XRD, SEM, immersion tests, and electrochemical measurements. The results indicate that [...] Read more.
AlCoCrFeNiZrx (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were prepared by a non-consumable vacuum arc melting technology, and the microstructure and corrosion behavior were investigated by XRD, SEM, immersion tests, and electrochemical measurements. The results indicate that galvanic corrosion of the AlCoCrFeNiZrx alloys occurred in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution, and only 0.1 mol of the added Zr could greatly improve the corrosion resistance of the alloys. The corrosion properties of the AlCoCrFeNiZrx HEAs had similar change tendencies with the increase in the Zr content in the immersion tests, potentiodynamic polarization measurements, and electrochemical impedance analysis, that is, the corrosion resistance of the AlCoCrFeNiZrx alloys in a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution first increased and then decreased with the increase in the Zr content. The Zr0.1 alloys were found to have the best selective corrosion and general corrosion resistance with the smallest corrosion rate, whereas the Zr0.3 alloys presented the worst selective corrosion and general corrosion resistance with the highest corrosion rate from both the immersion tests and the potentiodynamic polarization measurements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wear and Corrosion Behavior of High-Entropy Alloy)
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Review

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38 pages, 7189 KiB  
Review
High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Deposited by Thermal Spraying: A Review of Strengthening Mechanisms, Performance Assessments and Perspectives on Future Applications
by Rakesh Bhaskaran Nair, Raunak Supekar, Seyyed Morteza Javid, Wandong Wang, Yu Zou, André McDonald, Javad Mostaghimi and Pantcho Stoyanov
Metals 2023, 13(3), 579; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13030579 - 13 Mar 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4122
Abstract
Thermal spray deposition techniques have been well-established, owing to their flexibility in addressing degradation due to wear and corrosion issues faced due to extreme environmental conditions. With the adoption of these techniques, a broad spectrum of industries is experiencing continuous improvement in resolving [...] Read more.
Thermal spray deposition techniques have been well-established, owing to their flexibility in addressing degradation due to wear and corrosion issues faced due to extreme environmental conditions. With the adoption of these techniques, a broad spectrum of industries is experiencing continuous improvement in resolving these issues. To increase industrial-level implementation, state-of-the-art advanced materials are required. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have recently gained considerable attention within the scientific community as advanced materials, mainly due to their exceptional properties and desirable microstructural features. Unlike traditional material systems, high-entropy alloys are composed of multi-component elements (at least five elements) with equimolar or nearly equimolar concentrations. This allows for a stable microstructure that is associated with high configurational entropy. This review article provides a critical assessment of different strengthening mechanisms observed in various high-entropy alloys developed by means of deposition techniques. The wear, corrosion, and oxidation responses of these alloys are reviewed in detail and correlated to microstructural and mechanical properties and behavior. In addition, the review focused on material design principles for developing next-generation HEAs that can significantly benefit the aerospace, marine, oil and gas, nuclear sector, etc. Despite having shown exceptional mechanical properties, the article describes the need to further evaluate the tribological behavior of these HEAs in order to show proof-of-concept perspectives for several industrial applications in extreme environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wear and Corrosion Behavior of High-Entropy Alloy)
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