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Metals
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Tribological Study of Metals
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Tribological Study of Metals

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2021) | Viewed by 10795

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Sabine Weiß

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Lehrstuhl Metallkunde und Werkstofftechnik, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 17, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
Interests: materials characterization; electron microscopy; tribological behavior of biomedical steels; monotonic and cyclic deformation of oligocrystalline structures; high temperature stable intermetallic titanium aluminides; development of wear resistant coatings
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alfons Fischer

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department Microstructure Physics and Alloy-Design, Max-Planck-Institute for Iron-Research GmbH (MPIE), Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
Interests: tribological behavior of steels; fatigue behavior; high interstitial steels; sliding wear of martensitic materials; crack propagation; microstructure characterization by means of scanning- as well as transmission electron microscopy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wear is mass loss of a surface by abrasive, rolling, beating, scratching, chemical, and/or thermal stress.

This usually undesirable change in the surface is one of the main causes of component damage and the associated failure of machinery and equipment. The reduction of wear is therefore an essential way to increase the lifetime of machines and equipment and thus save costs and raw materials. In addition to the immense economic importance, the safety aspect also plays a decisive role in wear research. The failure of components due to wear sometimes has serious consequences, for example in automotive, aviation or rail traffic applications.

Tribology is an interdisciplinary subject area for the optimization of mechanical technologies as well as materials and surfaces by reducing friction and wear-related energy and material losses. Therefore, it is important to identify and characterize the different wear mechanisms to find methods of resolution for increasing the wear resistance of materials and components.

Prof. Dr. Sabine Weiß
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Adhesive wear
  • Abrasive wear
  • Surface fatigue
  • Tribochemical reactions
  • Erosion
  • Cavitation pitting
  • Tribocorrosion

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 7469 KiB  
Article
Fatigue Damage of an Asperity in Frictionless Normal Contact with a Rigid Flat
by Zhou Chen, Yibo Jiang, Zheming Tong and Shuiguang Tong
Metals 2021, 11(4), 545; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11040545 - 26 Mar 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1731
Abstract
Surface fatigue wear widely exists, and it occurs as long as a sufficient number of loading–unloading cycles are applied. Slowing down surface fatigue wear requires understanding the evolution of fatigue damage in the surface. Real surfaces are composed of many asperities; therefore, it [...] Read more.
Surface fatigue wear widely exists, and it occurs as long as a sufficient number of loading–unloading cycles are applied. Slowing down surface fatigue wear requires understanding the evolution of fatigue damage in the surface. Real surfaces are composed of many asperities; therefore, it is important to study the fatigue damage of a single asperity. A finite element model of an asperity subjected to cyclic elastic–plastic normal loading was developed under frictionless contact condition. The asperity can be either completely or partially unloaded in a loading cycle. For the sake of completeness, both cases were investigated in the present study. The multiaxial Fatemi-Socie fatigue criterion was adopted to evaluate the fatigue damage of the asperity in elastic shakedown state, which was achieved after several loading cycles. For the case of complete unloading, severe fatigue damage was confined in a subsurface ridge starting from the edge of the maximum loaded contact area. The shape and volume of the wear particles were predicted based on a fundamentally valid assumption. For the case of partial unloading, the fatigue damage was much milder. Finally, potential research directions to expand the current study are suggested. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribological Study of Metals)
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18 pages, 9077 KiB  
Article
Dry Sliding Behavior of Qbe-2 Beryllium Bronze against 38CrMoAlA Steel in Pneumatic Downhole Motor under Different Loads
by Chenfan Liang, Yu Wang, Kai Zhang and Zhijian Peng
Metals 2021, 11(3), 459; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11030459 - 10 Mar 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1614
Abstract
In drilling engineering, the wear of tribo-pairs is the primary cause for the rapid failure of rotating seals in pneumatic downhole tools. In order to reduce the wear of tribo-pairs, a new type of rotating seals was designed in this work, which introduced [...] Read more.
In drilling engineering, the wear of tribo-pairs is the primary cause for the rapid failure of rotating seals in pneumatic downhole tools. In order to reduce the wear of tribo-pairs, a new type of rotating seals was designed in this work, which introduced copper alloys between the stator and rotor. To elucidate the wear and failure mechanism of the copper-steel tribo-pair rotating seals in pneumatic downhole motors, pin-on-disc dry sliding tests with Qbe-2 beryllium bronze pin against 38CrMoAlA steel disc under different loads were thus designed to simulate the friction and wear behavior of such tribo-pair. During the dry sliding process, the friction behavior of the copper pin would go through a running-in period and then become stable. As the load increases, the running-in period will be shortened, while the friction coefficient during the stable period decreases. Interestingly, a false stability occurs when the load is low. However, this phenomenon will disappear under heavy loads. The wear mechanism of the copper pins would change from adhesive wear to ploughing wear as the load increases, which is mainly related to the spalling of asperities and the filling of wear debris into the steel disc. The wear debris consists of copper and copper oxide. The surface roughness of the steel disc and copper pin decreased and the size of the wear debris increased with the increase of the load. The material removal mainly occurs on the copper pin, which will present a relatively small value under 45 N. On contrast, due to the filling of wear debris, the volume of the steel disc increased. Therefore, considering the value and stability of friction coefficients, as well as the wear amount of the sample, it would be better that such tribo-pair could work under 45 N. The present work will provide a fundamental understanding and solid support for systematically designing the tribo-pairs in pneumatic downhole tools under practical working conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribological Study of Metals)
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15 pages, 14896 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Study on the Tribological Properties of a Cobalt-Free Superaustenitic Stainless Steel at Elevated Temperature
by Frederic van gen Hassend and Sebastian Weber
Metals 2020, 10(9), 1123; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10091123 - 21 Aug 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2337
Abstract
The properties of a cobalt-free cast superaustenitic stainless steel (SASS) is investigated comparatively to the commercial high-cobalt alloyed GX15CrNiCo21-20-20 (1.4957, N-155) steel regarding its global hardness and wear resistance at elevated temperature by means of in situ hot hardness tests and cyclic abrasive [...] Read more.
The properties of a cobalt-free cast superaustenitic stainless steel (SASS) is investigated comparatively to the commercial high-cobalt alloyed GX15CrNiCo21-20-20 (1.4957, N-155) steel regarding its global hardness and wear resistance at elevated temperature by means of in situ hot hardness tests and cyclic abrasive sliding wear tests against an Al2O3 (corundum) counter-body at 600 °C. In the aged condition, results show that the 1.4957 steel suffers a higher material loss due to brittle failure initiated by coarse eutectic Cr-rich carbides which are incorporated into a mechanically mixed layer during abrasive loading. In contrast, within the Co-free steel eutectic M6(C,N) carbonitrides are distributed more homogeneously showing less tendency to form network structures. Due to the combination of primary Nb-rich globular-blocky MX-type carbonitrides and eutectic M6(C,N) carbonitrides dispersed within an Laves phase strengthened austenitic matrix, this steel provides comparable hardness and significantly improved wear resistance at elevated temperature. Thus, it may be an adequate alternative material to commercial SASS and offers the possibility to save cobalt for future applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribological Study of Metals)
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12 pages, 4794 KiB  
Article
Influence of Particle Reinforcement and Heat Treatment on the Wear Resistance of Inductively Melted Hardpaint Coatings
by Patrick Schwarz, Sebastian Weber and Friederike Deuerler
Metals 2020, 10(7), 968; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10070968 - 17 Jul 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2213
Abstract
Wear-resistant coatings can reduce the high economic damage caused by wear processes. In this study, various protective layers based on the alloy X400CrVMo17-15-2 were investigated. Commonly, the prealloyed metal powder is used for plasma transferred arc powder surfacing. However, in this work, the [...] Read more.
Wear-resistant coatings can reduce the high economic damage caused by wear processes. In this study, various protective layers based on the alloy X400CrVMo17-15-2 were investigated. Commonly, the prealloyed metal powder is used for plasma transferred arc powder surfacing. However, in this work, the cost-efficient hardpaint technology was used to produce particle-reinforced (fused tungsten carbides) and non-reinforced coatings. To analyze the wear behavior, the coatings were subjected to abrasion wear and scratch tests. For the abrasion wear test, a grinding pin (Al2O3) is pressed with a defined force against the surface of the rotating sample for 6 h. For the scratch test, a loaded diamond pyramid indenter was employed to create a circular groove on the coatings at a predefined speed. The wear grooves were analyzed with the aid of laser scanning microscopy. In comparison to the coatings in the as-processed condition, the non-reinforced protective layers were investigated after quenching, with and without deep cryogenic treatment, and tempering. The determination of proper heat treatment parameters was supported by computational thermodynamics. It has been confirmed that it is possible to improve the wear resistance of the unreinforced coatings by heat treatment. However, the reinforced layers showed the highest resistance against abrasion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribological Study of Metals)
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8 pages, 2789 KiB  
Article
Formation of Diffusion Layer on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy during Longtime Friction with Al
by Ruoyu Liu, Chuanbing Huang, Lingzhong Du, Hao Lan, Shige Fang, Huifeng Zhang and Weigang Zhang
Metals 2019, 9(10), 1107; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9101107 - 15 Oct 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2092
Abstract
Elements’ diffusion between Ti-6Al-4V alloy and Al in the process of sliding was investigated from 400 °C to 600 °C. The results showed that the atoms were diffused at the Ti-6Al-4V/Al interface. When sliding at 400 °C and 500 °C, no intermetallic compound [...] Read more.
Elements’ diffusion between Ti-6Al-4V alloy and Al in the process of sliding was investigated from 400 °C to 600 °C. The results showed that the atoms were diffused at the Ti-6Al-4V/Al interface. When sliding at 400 °C and 500 °C, no intermetallic compound was detected on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. When sliding at 600 °C, intermetallic TiAl3 was formed and grew on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The diffusion thickness of Al atoms on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy increased with increasing time and temperature. The diffusion kinetic equation of Al atoms on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was successfully established. The diffusion activation energy of Al atoms in the sliding process was calculated to be 28.22 kJ·mol−1 and the dynamic index n was 0.5. The diffusion growth of Al atoms was controlled by normal parabolic law with time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tribological Study of Metals)
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