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Metals
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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-Based Alloys
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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-Based Alloys

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 6128

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Daria V Lazurenko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Materials Sience Department, Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsl, 630073, Russian Federation
Interests: Ti-based alloys; Ti-Al intermetallics; multilayered composites; phase transformations; non-equilibrium structures; diffraction analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Titanium and titanium alloys play a crucial role in modern industry and find a principle application in such areas as aircraft manufacturing, ship building, the power industry, and medicine. The multifunctionality of Ti-based alloys stems from a combination of their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties and the possibility to control them. Alloy design and heat treatment are responsible for producing a wide variety of Ti-based alloys: from low modulus materials to lightweight high-temperature and corrosion-resistant alloys for essential components. Searching for new approaches in alloy design and treatment methods to improve the properties of titanium alloys are issues of critical importance for the development of new superior apparatuses and parts. Moreover, novel manufacturing methods such as additive manufacturing, high-energy treatment, and their application for fabrication Ti-based articles are able to make significant contributions to the aforementioned industries.

Although Ti-based alloys have been known and used for a long time, there are still many questions concerning structural and phase transformations in titanium alloys. Answering these questions is extremely important to control the properties of titanium alloys and choose the appropriate methods for their production. In this Special Issue of Metals, we welcome reviews and articles in the areas of alloy design, heat treatment, manufacturing, and welding methods of Ti-based alloys and parts, which provide their characterization with regard to the structure–properties relation.

Dr. Daria V Lazurenko
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Ti-based alloys
  • heat resistance
  • corrosion resistance
  • elastic modulus
  • structure
  • phase composition
  • heat treatment
  • welding
  • additive manufacturing

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 3898 KiB  
Article
Biomedical NiTi and β-Ti Alloys: From Composition, Microstructure and Thermo-Mechanics to Application
by Adelaide Nespoli, Francesca Passaretti, László Szentmiklósi, Boglárka Maróti, Ernesto Placidi, Michele Cassetta, Rickey Y. Yada, David H. Farrar and Kun V. Tian
Metals 2022, 12(3), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12030406 - 25 Feb 2022
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 1889
Abstract
A comprehensive, bottoms-up characterization of two of the most widely used biomedical Ti-containing alloys, NiTi and β-Ti, was carried out applying a novel combination of neutron diffraction, neutron prompt-gamma activation, surface morphology, thermal analysis and mechanical tests, to relate composition, microstructure and physical-chemical-mechanical [...] Read more.
A comprehensive, bottoms-up characterization of two of the most widely used biomedical Ti-containing alloys, NiTi and β-Ti, was carried out applying a novel combination of neutron diffraction, neutron prompt-gamma activation, surface morphology, thermal analysis and mechanical tests, to relate composition, microstructure and physical-chemical-mechanical properties to unknown processing history. The commercial specimens studied are rectangular (0.43 × 0.64 mm~0.017 × 0.025 inch) wires, in both pre-formed U-shape and straight extended form. Practical performance was quantitatively linked to the influence of alloying elements, microstructure and thermo-mechanical processing. Results demonstrated that the microstructure and phase composition of β-Ti strongly depended on the composition, phase-stabilizing elements in particular, in that the 10.2 wt.% Mo content in Azdent resulted in 41.2% α phase, while Ormco with 11.6 wt.% Mo contained only β phase. Although the existence of α phase is probable in the meta-stable alloy, the α phase has never been quantified before. Further, the phase transformation behavior of NiTi directly arose from the microstructure, whilst being highly influenced by thermo-mechanical history. A strong correlation (r = 0.878) was established between phase transformation temperature and the force levels observed in bending test at body temperature, reconfirming that structure determines performance, while also being highly influenced by thermo-mechanical history. The novel methodology described is evidenced as generating a predictive profile of the eventual biomechanical properties and practical performance of the commercial materials. Overall, the work encompasses a reproducible and comprehensive approach expected to aid in future optimization and rational design of devices of metallic origin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-Based Alloys)
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30 pages, 81626 KiB  
Article
Hot Deformation Behavior of a Beta Metastable TMZF Alloy: Microstructural and Constitutive Phenomenological Analysis
by Ana Paula de Bribean Guerra, Alberto Moreira Jorge, Jr., Virginie Roche and Claudemiro Bolfarini
Metals 2021, 11(11), 1769; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111769 - 03 Nov 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1304
Abstract
A metastable beta TMZF alloy was tested by isothermal compression under different conditions of deformation temperature (923 to 1173 K), strain rate (0.172, 1.72, and 17.2 s−1), and a constant strain of 0.8. Stress–strain curves, constitutive constants calculations, and microstructural analysis [...] Read more.
A metastable beta TMZF alloy was tested by isothermal compression under different conditions of deformation temperature (923 to 1173 K), strain rate (0.172, 1.72, and 17.2 s−1), and a constant strain of 0.8. Stress–strain curves, constitutive constants calculations, and microstructural analysis were performed to understand the alloy’s hot working behavior in regards to the softening and hardening mechanisms operating during deformation. The primary softening mechanism was dynamic recovery, promoting dynamic recrystallization delay during deformation at higher temperatures and low strain rates. Mechanical twinning was an essential deformation mechanism of this alloy, being observed on a nanometric scale. Spinodal decomposition evidence was found to occur during hot deformation. Different models of phenomenological constitutive equations were tested to verify the effectiveness of flow stress prediction. The stress exponent n, derived from the strain-compensated Arrhenius-type constitutive model, presented values that point to the occurrence of internal stress at the beginning of the deformation, related to complex interactions of dislocations and dispersed phases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-Based Alloys)
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21 pages, 9022 KiB  
Article
Structure and Properties of Ti-Al-Ta and Ti-Al-Cr Cladding Layers Fabricated on Titanium
by Daria V. Lazurenko, Mikhail G. Golkovsky, Andreas Stark, Florian Pyczak, Ivan A. Bataev, Alexey A. Ruktuev, Ivan Yu. Petrov and Ilia S. Laptev
Metals 2021, 11(7), 1139; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11071139 - 19 Jul 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2219
Abstract
Being one of the most high-demand structural materials, titanium has several disadvantages, including low resistance to high-temperature oxidation and wear. The properties of titanium and its alloys can be improved by applying protective intermetallic coatings. In this study, 2 mm thick Ti-Al-Ta and [...] Read more.
Being one of the most high-demand structural materials, titanium has several disadvantages, including low resistance to high-temperature oxidation and wear. The properties of titanium and its alloys can be improved by applying protective intermetallic coatings. In this study, 2 mm thick Ti-Al-Ta and Ti-Al-Cr layers were obtained on titanium workpieces by a non-vacuum electron-beam cladding. The microstructure and phase compositions of the samples were different for various alloying elements. The Cr-containing layer consisted of α2, γ, and B2 phases, while the Ta-containing layer additionally consisted of ω′ phase (P3¯m1). At the same atomic concentrations of aluminum and an alloying element in both layers, the volume fraction of the B2/ω phase in the Ti-41Al-7Ta alloy was significantly lower than in the Ti-41Al-7Cr alloy, and the amount of γ phase was higher. The Ti-41Al-7Cr layer had the highest wear resistance (2.1 times higher than that of titanium). The maximum oxidation resistance (8 times higher compared to titanium) was observed for the Ti-41Al-7Ta layer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-Based Alloys)
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