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Metals
Special Issues
In-Situ Investigations of Metals
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In-Situ Investigations of Metals

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Casting, Forming and Heat Treatment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2021) | Viewed by 5901

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Ida Westermann

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Guest Editor
Head of the Physical Metallurgy Group, Department of materials science and engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Alfred Getz v. 2, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
Interests: physical metallurgy; thermo-mechanical processing of aluminum alloys and the interplay between microstructure and mechanical properties; solid-state joining and additive manufacturing of multi-materials; microstructure characterization using in-situ SEM in combination with digital image correlation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

The in situ testing of metallic materials provides insight into different phenomena as they happen. In the hunt for deeper knowledge about metals and alloys, advanced characterization techniques are used. Whether it is understanding exactly at which temperature phase transformations occur, or how deformation fields initiate and interact with obstacles, the use of experimental in situ methodologies brings us a step forward in understanding the behavior of the materials. Even though the in situ approach gives us new and valuable information about metallurgical phenomena, there are still challenges and limitations to the different experimental in situ techniques, e.g., if investigated areas are representative, bulk behavior vs. free surface effects, sample preparation, and test increments.

With this Special Issue, I welcome original research related to metallurgical phenomena investigated using novel in situ techniques, as well as contributions elucidating the latest developments within in situ methodologies, e.g., sample preparation, optimization of parameters, and new and alternative test setups.

Prof. Dr. Ida Westermann
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • in situ testing
  • metallic materials
  • electron microscopy
  • computer tomography
  • XRD
  • deformation
  • solidification
  • temperature
  • phase transformation
  • recrystallization

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 7697 KiB  
Article
In Situ Measurements of the Chemical Stability of a Cast Aluminum Alloy Embedded in a Cement Paste with a High Amount of Supplementary Cementitious Material
by Ingvild Runningen, Ida Westermann, Trond Furu and Harald Justnes
Metals 2021, 11(9), 1441; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11091441 - 11 Sep 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1493
Abstract
In traditional reinforced concrete, the alkaline pore solution which passivates the steel rebars will get neutralized with time in an exposed environment. Therefore, to prevent corrosion initiation, the permeability of the concrete is reduced and extra-thick concrete covers the steel rebars. Aluminum is [...] Read more.
In traditional reinforced concrete, the alkaline pore solution which passivates the steel rebars will get neutralized with time in an exposed environment. Therefore, to prevent corrosion initiation, the permeability of the concrete is reduced and extra-thick concrete covers the steel rebars. Aluminum is passive in the neutralized environment, but the calcium hydroxide formed during the cement hydration will dissolve the aluminum. By substituting 55% of the cement in traditional cement paste with fast reactive supplementary cementitious material (SCM), aluminum will be compatible over time. In the initial state however, before the SCM consumes the hydroxide formed during the rapid cement hydration by the pozzolanic reaction, aluminum may corrode. Hydrogen gas then develops, resulting in a porous cement region enclosing the rebars with potentially reduced bond strength. In the present work, the chemical stability of a sand-cast aluminum lattice embedded in a paste where cement is replaced by 55% calcined kaolinitic clay is investigated by gas chromatography and open-circuit potential during the cement hydration. The hydrogen gas development stagnated for all measurements, indicating that aluminum is compatible with the novel cement paste. Two stable potentials were observed for the non-heat-treated samples, indicating the formation of a metastable complex. Being able to use aluminum-reinforced concrete constructions would result in an extraordinary long service life with low cement consumption, which will potentially result in a substantial reduction in the third-largest CO2 emitting industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue In-Situ Investigations of Metals)
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16 pages, 9422 KiB  
Article
In Situ Synchrotron X-ray Micro-Diffraction Investigation of Elastic Strains in Laminated Ti-Al Composites
by Tianbo Yu, Yan Du, Guohua Fan, Rozaliya Barabash, Dorte Juul Jensen and Yubin Zhang
Metals 2021, 11(4), 668; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11040668 - 19 Apr 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1800
Abstract
Spatially resolved elastic strains in the bulk interior of a laminated Ti-Al metal composite were studied during in situ tensile loading at strains up to 1.66% by a synchrotron-based micro-diffraction technique, namely differential aperture X-ray microscopy (DAXM). For both Al and Ti grains, [...] Read more.
Spatially resolved elastic strains in the bulk interior of a laminated Ti-Al metal composite were studied during in situ tensile loading at strains up to 1.66% by a synchrotron-based micro-diffraction technique, namely differential aperture X-ray microscopy (DAXM). For both Al and Ti grains, deviatoric elastic strains were estimated based on polychromatic X-ray microbeam diffraction, while lattice strains along the normal direction of the tensile sample were directly measured using monochromatic X-ray microbeam diffraction. The estimated deviatoric strains show large spatial variations, and the mean values are consistent with the external loading conditions, i.e., increasing tensile strain along the tensile direction and increasing compressive strain along the sample normal with increasing loading. The directly measured lattice strains also show large spatial variations, although the magnitude of this variation is smaller than that for the estimated deviatoric strain. The directly measured lattice strains in Ti grains are largely consistent with the external loading, whereas those in Al grains are in contradiction with the external loading. The causes of the experimental results are discussed and related to both the laminated microstructure of the composite material and the limitations of the techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue In-Situ Investigations of Metals)
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13 pages, 5083 KiB  
Article
Barkhausen Noise Emission in AISI 321 Austenitic Steel Originating from the Strain-Induced Martensite Transformation
by Miroslav Neslušan, Jana Šugárová, Petr Haušild, Peter Minárik, Jiří Čapek, Michal Jambor and Peter Šugár
Metals 2021, 11(3), 429; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11030429 - 05 Mar 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1608
Abstract
This paper investigates the sensitivity of the Barkhausen noise technique against strain-induced martensite in AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel. Martensite transformation was induced by the uniaxial tensile test, and a variable martensite fraction was obtained at different plastic strains. It was found that [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the sensitivity of the Barkhausen noise technique against strain-induced martensite in AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel. Martensite transformation was induced by the uniaxial tensile test, and a variable martensite fraction was obtained at different plastic strains. It was found that Barkhausen noise emission progressively increases with plastic straining, while its evolution is driven by the martensite fraction in the deformed matrix. This study also demonstrates that the uniaxial tensile stressing produced a certain level of stress and magnetic anisotropy in the samples. The number of strong Barkhausen pulses increased for more developed strains, whereas the position of the Barkhausen noise envelope remained less affected. This study clearly demonstrates the good sensitivity of the Barkhausen noise technique against the degree of martensite transformation in austenitic stainless steel. Moreover, this technique is sensitive to the direction of the exerted load. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue In-Situ Investigations of Metals)
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