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Metals
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Environmental Degradation of Structural Materials
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Environmental Degradation of Structural Materials

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Corrosion and Protection".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 8499

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Guy Ben-Hamu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mechanical Engineering Department, SCE – Shamoon College of Engineering, Ashdod, Israel
Interests: magnesium alloys; environmental degradation of materials; manufacturing technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The long-term reliability of materials in usage environments is one of the most important properties for structural and functional materials. The purpose of this Special Issue on “Environmental Degradation of Materials” is to explore the complex relationship between performances, processing, microstructure, and environmental degradation in structural and functional materials and in various environments.

The Special Issue will cover material problems in different environments as well as different industries (transportation, energy—oil and gas, nuclear, etc.) and process history (cast, wrought, and additive manufacturing).

The Special Issue invites contributions from academia, researchers, industry professionals, and engineers.

Dr. Guy Ben-Hamu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • corrosion
  • stress corrosion cracking
  • hydrogen embrittlement
  • structural and functional materials

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3425 KiB  
Article
Hydrogen Trapping in Laser Powder Bed Fusion 316L Stainless Steel
by Polina Metalnikov, Guy Ben-Hamu and Dan Eliezer
Metals 2022, 12(10), 1748; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101748 - 18 Oct 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2104
Abstract
In this study, the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of 316L stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) was investigated by means of hydrogen trapping. The susceptibility of the material to HE is strongly connected to the interaction of hydrogen atoms with volumetric [...] Read more.
In this study, the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of 316L stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) was investigated by means of hydrogen trapping. The susceptibility of the material to HE is strongly connected to the interaction of hydrogen atoms with volumetric defects in the material. Trapping hydrogen in those defects affects its availability to critical locations where a hydrogen-induced crack can nucleate. Therefore, it is important to study the characteristics of hydrogen traps to better understand the behavior of the material in the hydrogen environment. The hydrogen was introduced into the material via electrochemical charging, and its interactions with various trapping sites were studied through thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The obtained results were compared to conventionally produced 316L stainless steel, and the correlation between microstructure, characteristics of hydrogen traps, and susceptibility to HE is discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Degradation of Structural Materials)
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13 pages, 15504 KiB  
Article
Study on Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Incoloy825/X65 Bimetallic Composite Pipe Welded Joint in Wet Hydrogen Sulfide Environment
by Bingying Wang, Li Ouyang, Jianxing Xu, Peng Huang, Enyang Liu and Bin Yang
Metals 2022, 12(4), 632; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12040632 - 07 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1782
Abstract
The stress corrosion cracking behavior of an Incoloy825/X65 bimetallic composite pipe welded joint in wet hydrogen sulfide (H2S) environment was investigated by means of the creviced bent beam (CBB) test in this study. The microstructure, element distribution and crack propagation behavior [...] Read more.
The stress corrosion cracking behavior of an Incoloy825/X65 bimetallic composite pipe welded joint in wet hydrogen sulfide (H2S) environment was investigated by means of the creviced bent beam (CBB) test in this study. The microstructure, element distribution and crack propagation behavior of the welded joint were analyzed by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results showed that two types of cracks were observed in the Incoloy825/X65 bimetallic composite pipe welded joint in wet H2S environment, they initiated from the notch and the intersection of the three zones (cladding Incoloy825, base X65 and weld), respectively, and propagated along the fusion boundary(FB) and the Type-II-like grain boundary. The mechanisms of the two types of cracks are due to the combination of anodic dissolution, stress and hydrogen. Near the FB, there are high angle grain boundaries, Type-I, Type-II and the Type-II-like grain boundaries, which have high SCC sensitivity. The element distribution in the intersection of the three zones and the crack tip is complex, with element diffusion, Cr loss and large residual strain. All these provide the conditions for cracks initiation and propagation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Degradation of Structural Materials)
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17 pages, 6406 KiB  
Article
Effect of Hydrogen Charging on the Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of X70 Steel in Simulated Deep Seawater Environment
by Xiaojia Yang, Feilong Sun, Qing Li, Renzheng Zhu, Zhiyong Liu, Cuiwei Du and Xiaogang Li
Metals 2022, 12(2), 334; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12020334 - 14 Feb 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2057
Abstract
The effects of hydrogen charging on the electrochemical and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of X70 steel in a simulated deep seawater environment were investigated by using electrochemical measurements, slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests, and corrosion morphology characterization through SEM. The results [...] Read more.
The effects of hydrogen charging on the electrochemical and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of X70 steel in a simulated deep seawater environment were investigated by using electrochemical measurements, slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests, and corrosion morphology characterization through SEM. The results showed that the concentrations of the adsorbed hydrogen in X70 steel after precharging under different hydrostatic pressures increased gradually and tended to be steady with the charging time. High hydrostatic pressures promoted the hydrogen permeation of X70 pipeline steel by promoting the permeating rate and quantity. The SCC susceptibility of X70 steel decreased first and then increased with the hydrogen-charging current density. The area reduction loss (Iψ) and true strain loss (Iε) exhibited the lowest SCC susceptibility at the 25 mA/cm2 hydrogen-precharging current density. The elongation rate loss (Iδ) exhibited the lowest SCC susceptibility at the 50 mA/cm2 hydrogen-precharging current density. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Degradation of Structural Materials)
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13 pages, 7869 KiB  
Article
Stress Corrosion Analysis and Direct Cell Viability of Biodegradable Zn-Fe-Ca Alloy in In-Vitro Conditions
by Orit Avior, Noa Ben Ghedalia-Peled, Tomer Ron, Jeremy Goldman, Razi Vago and Eli Aghion
Metals 2022, 12(1), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010076 - 03 Jan 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1664
Abstract
Due to the excellent biocompatibility of Zn and Zn-based alloys, researchers have shown great interest in developing biodegradable implants based on zinc. Furthermore, zinc is an essential component of many enzymes and proteins. The human body requires ~15 mg of Zn per day, [...] Read more.
Due to the excellent biocompatibility of Zn and Zn-based alloys, researchers have shown great interest in developing biodegradable implants based on zinc. Furthermore, zinc is an essential component of many enzymes and proteins. The human body requires ~15 mg of Zn per day, and there is minimal concern for systemic toxicity from a small zinc-based cardiovascular implant, such as an arterial stent. However, biodegradable Zn-based implants have been shown to provoke local fibrous encapsulation reactions that may isolate the implant from its surrounding environment and interfere with implant function. The development of biodegradable implants made from Zn-Fe-Ca alloy was designed to overcome the problem of fibrous encapsulation. In a previous study made by the authors, the Zn-Fe-Ca system demonstrated a suitable corrosion rate that was higher than that of pure Zn and Zn-Fe alloy. The Zn-Fe-Ca system also showed adequate mechanical properties and a unique microstructure that contained a secondary Ca-reach phase. This has raised the promise that the tested alloy could serve as a biodegradable implant metal. The present study was conducted to further evaluate this promising Zn alloy. Here, we assessed the material’s corrosion performance in terms of cyclic potentiodynamic polarization analysis and stress corrosion behavior in terms of slow strain rate testing (SSRT). We also assessed the ability of cells to survive on the alloy surface by direct cell culture test. The results indicate that the alloy develops pitting corrosion, but not stress corrosion under phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and air environment. The direct cell viability test demonstrates the successful adherence and growth of cells on the alloy surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Degradation of Structural Materials)
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