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Metals
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Innovations in Metallic Biomaterials
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Innovations in Metallic Biomaterials

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Biobased and Biodegradable Metals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 8928

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Claudinei dos Santos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanics and Energy, Faculty of Technology—State University of Rio de Janeiro, Presidente Dutra Highway, km 298, Polo Industrial, Resende, Rio de Janeiro 27537-000, Brazil
Interests: Specialist in metallic, ceramic, glass-ceramic, and/or composite dental materials for prostheses and implants; Coordinator of research projects in the development of compositional gradient biomaterials for CAD/CAM prototyping and selective laser sintering; Particular interest in investigations correlating microstructure, crystallization, and mechanical properties of different metallic alloys

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I am pleased to invite you to submit your original manuscripts to Metals—ISSN:2075-4701 (impact factor = 2.351; CiteScore Scopus = 3.4). This Special Issue is dedicated to the publication of manuscripts related to innovations in metals and their biocompatible alloys with potential for use in implants or prostheses.

In this edition, manuscripts focused on the processing of metallic alloys, as well as microstructure, chemical characterizations, mechanical properties, and numerical simulations, will be evaluated. Innovative fabrication and characterization techniques, such as additive manufacturing, rapid prototyping, and biological evaluation tests—primary or advanced—are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Claudinei dos Santos
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomaterials
  • metal and alloys
  • microstructure
  • mechanical properties
  • additive manufacturing
  • rapid prototyping
  • biological evaluation

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2837 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Chemical Composition on the Phase Stability and Mechanical Properties of Biomedical Ti-Nb-Mo-Zr Alloys
by Aline Raquel Vieira Nunes, Sinara Borborema, Leonardo Sales Araújo, Taissa Zangerolami Lopes Rodrigues, Loïc Malet, Jean Dille and Luiz Henrique de Almeida
Metals 2023, 13(11), 1889; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13111889 - 14 Nov 2023
Viewed by 800
Abstract
A new generation of titanium alloys with non-toxic, non-allergenic elements and lower Young’s modulus (YM) have been developed, presenting modulus values close to that of bone. In titanium alloys, the value of the Young’s modulus is strongly dependent on the chemical composition. Young’s [...] Read more.
A new generation of titanium alloys with non-toxic, non-allergenic elements and lower Young’s modulus (YM) have been developed, presenting modulus values close to that of bone. In titanium alloys, the value of the Young’s modulus is strongly dependent on the chemical composition. Young’s modulus also depends on the present phases and on the crystallographic texture related to the thermomechanical processing. A lower YM is normally attributed to the formation of the α″ phase into the β matrix, but there is no consensus for this assumption. In the present work, four alloys were designed and melted, based on the Ti-Nb-Mo-Zr system and heat-treated to favor the formation of the β phase. The alloys were produced by arc melting under argon atmosphere and heat-treated at 1000 °C for 24 h under high vacuum, being subsequently quenched in water to room temperature. Alloys were then characterized by optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Young’s modulus was determined by the impulse excitation technique and Vickers microhardness. The purpose of the study was to define an optimal chemical composition for the further production on a semi-industrial scale of a new Ti-Nb-Mo-Zr alloy for orthopedic implant manufacturing. The results showed that all of the four studied alloys are potential candidates for biomedical applications. Among them, the Ti-24Nb-4Mo-6Zr alloy has the lowest Young’s modulus and the highest microhardness. So, this alloy presents the highest HV/YM ratio, which is a key indicator in order to evaluate the mechanical performance of metallic biomaterials for orthopedic implants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Metallic Biomaterials)
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11 pages, 3171 KiB  
Article
Production of a Novel Biomedical β-Type Titanium Alloy Ti-23.6Nb-5.1Mo-6.7Zr with Low Young’s Modulus
by Aline Raquel Vieira Nunes, Sinara Borborema, Leonardo Sales Araújo, Luiz Henrique de Almeida and Michael J. Kaufman
Metals 2022, 12(10), 1588; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101588 - 24 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1427
Abstract
Metastable β titanium alloys are developed for biomedical applications due to their low Young’s moduli and functional properties. These alloys can be fitted to different parts of orthopedic implants through thermomechanical processing and chemical composition control. This study aimed to produce, process, and [...] Read more.
Metastable β titanium alloys are developed for biomedical applications due to their low Young’s moduli and functional properties. These alloys can be fitted to different parts of orthopedic implants through thermomechanical processing and chemical composition control. This study aimed to produce, process, and characterize a new metastable β titanium Ti-23.6Nb-5.1Mo-6.7Zr alloy on a semi-industrial scale for orthopedic implant manufacturing, and to discuss the influence of the cold rolling and transformed phases during aging in the microstructure and mechanical properties. This alloy was produced in a vacuum arc remelting furnace (VAR) and thermomechanically processed under different conditions. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, optical, and scanning electron microscopy, and Young’s modulus (YM) and Vickers Hardness (HV) tests. Among other processing conditions, the sample that was 50% cold rolled after solution treatment, which resulted in a microstructure with β and α″ phases, had the lowest YM (~57 GPa), and the sample aged at 300 °C for 2 h had the highest HV/YM ratio (5.42). The new alloy produced in this work, processed by different routes, showed better mechanical properties than most recently developed metastable Ti-β Alloys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Metallic Biomaterials)
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8 pages, 3761 KiB  
Article
Influence of Nb Addition on α″ and ω Phase Stability and on Mechanical Properties in the Ti-12Mo-xNb Stoichiometric System
by Sinara Borborema, Vitor de Holanda Ferrer, Adriana da Cunha Rocha, Caio Marcello Felbinger Azevedo Cossú, Aline Raquel Vieira Nunes, Carlos Angelo Nunes, Loic Malet and Luiz Henrique de Almeida
Metals 2022, 12(9), 1508; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12091508 - 13 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1456
Abstract
Metastable β-Ti alloys have become one of the most attractive implant materials due to their high biocorrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties, including lower Young’s modulus values. Mechanical properties of these alloys are strongly dependent on the final microstructure, which is controlled by [...] Read more.
Metastable β-Ti alloys have become one of the most attractive implant materials due to their high biocorrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties, including lower Young’s modulus values. Mechanical properties of these alloys are strongly dependent on the final microstructure, which is controlled by thermomechanical treatment processing, in particular the Young’s modulus and hardness. The aim of this work was to analyze the influence of phase precipitations in heat-treated Ti-12Mo-xNb (x = 0, 3, 8, 13, 17, and 20) alloys. The alloys were prepared via arc melting and treated at 950 °C/1 h, and then quenched in water. The microstructures were analyzed by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Mechanical properties were based on Vickers microhardness tests and Young’s modulus measurements. Microstructural characterization showed that α″ and ω stability is a function of Nb content for the Ti–12Mo base alloy. Nb addition resulted in the suppression of the α″ phase and decrease in the ω phase volume fraction. Although the ω phase decreased with higher Nb contents, ω particles with ellipsoidal morphology were still observed in the Ti–12Mo–20Nb alloy. The α″ phase suppression by Nb addition caused a marked increase in the Young’s modulus, which decreased back to lower values with higher Nb concentrations. On other hand, the decrease in the ω phase continuously reduced alloy hardness. The study of the effect of chemical composition in controlling the volume fraction of these phases is an important step for the development of β-Ti alloys with functional properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Metallic Biomaterials)
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10 pages, 1592 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Thermomechanical Treatments on the Structure, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Ti-5Mn-Mo Alloys
by Mariana Luna Lourenço, Fenelon Martinho Lima Pontes and Carlos Roberto Grandini
Metals 2022, 12(3), 527; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12030527 - 21 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1675
Abstract
With the increase in the world’s population, the rising number of traffic accidents, and the increase in life expectancy, the need for implants, dental work, and orthopedics is growing ever larger. Researchers are working to improve the biomaterials used for these purposes, improve [...] Read more.
With the increase in the world’s population, the rising number of traffic accidents, and the increase in life expectancy, the need for implants, dental work, and orthopedics is growing ever larger. Researchers are working to improve the biomaterials used for these purposes, improve their functionality, and increase the human body’s life span. Thus, new titanium alloys are being developed, usually with β-stabilizer elements (which decrease the elastic modulus), with the Ti-Mn-Mo alloys being one example of these. This study of the Ti-5Mn-10Mo and Ti-5Mn-15Mo alloys only showed signs of the β phase in the structure and microstructure, presenting a combination of low modulus of elasticity and high corrosion resistance compared to the values of commercial alloys. In this sense, this work presents an analysis of the influence of some thermomechanical treatments, such as homogenization, hot-rolling, solution, and annealing, on the structure, microstructure, and selected mechanical properties of the Ti-5Mn-10Mo and Ti-5Mn-15Mo alloys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Metallic Biomaterials)
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16 pages, 10059 KiB  
Article
Microstructural Evolution and Electrochemical Behavior of Solution Treated, Hot Rolled and Aged MgDyZnZr Alloy
by Bruno Xavier de Freitas, Leonardo A. Antonini, Paula L. C. T. Cury, Viviane L. F. da Silva, Nabil Chaia, Célia R. Tomachuk, Stéphane Mathieu, Gilberto C. Coelho, Claudinei dos Santos and Carlos A. Nunes
Metals 2021, 11(11), 1855; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111855 - 18 Nov 2021
Viewed by 1307
Abstract
In order to develop a potential route to fabricate plates and clips for orthopedic applications, a Mg–3.4Dy–0.2Zn–0.4Zr (wt.%) alloy was produced and analyzed in different conditions: solution treated at 525 °C for 3 h, hot rolled and hot rolled and aged at 250 [...] Read more.
In order to develop a potential route to fabricate plates and clips for orthopedic applications, a Mg–3.4Dy–0.2Zn–0.4Zr (wt.%) alloy was produced and analyzed in different conditions: solution treated at 525 °C for 3 h, hot rolled and hot rolled and aged at 250 °C. The aging behavior of the rolled alloy was investigated during isothermal aging at 250 °C, and a significant peak was observed at 10 h. The electrochemical behavior was evaluated in 0.9 wt.% NaCl solution at 37 ± 0.5 °C by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The 525 °C-3 h and hot rolled specimens exhibited corrosion rates of 2.0 and 1.7 mm/year, respectively. The hot rolled and aged at 250 °C for 10 h specimen presented a grain size of 11.8 ± 1.7 μm with an intense macrotexture of the basal {0002} plane, hardness of 73 ± 3 HV and higher impedance modulus and obtained the highest corrosion resistance with a corrosion rate of 0.9 mm/year. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Metallic Biomaterials)
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Review

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17 pages, 3459 KiB  
Review
Research and Application of Metal–Organic Framework in Surface Modification of Biomaterials—A Review
by Zhong-Na Zhang, Si-Han Yin, Xue Li, Yu-Yao Wang, Kun Zhang and Jing-An Li
Metals 2023, 13(9), 1511; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13091511 - 23 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1416
Abstract
Surface modification is one of the core technologies in the field of biomedical materials. The fundamental purpose is to enable the surface of biomass materials to have better biocompatibility to better meet clinical needs. A metal–organic framework (MOF) is composed of organic links [...] Read more.
Surface modification is one of the core technologies in the field of biomedical materials. The fundamental purpose is to enable the surface of biomass materials to have better biocompatibility to better meet clinical needs. A metal–organic framework (MOF) is composed of organic links and metal nodes. It is a type of new crystal porous material with important application potential. In recent years, it has been explored in the field of biomass materials. This review introduces the structure and synthesis of MOF and systematically combs, summarizes and evaluates the research and application of MOF in cardiovascular therapy, tumor therapy, bone tissue engineering and other scenarios, in order to provide reference and inspiration for subsequent researchers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Metallic Biomaterials)
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