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Metals
Special Issues
Development and Performance Optimization of High-Strength Steels
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Development and Performance Optimization of High-Strength Steels

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Casting, Forming and Heat Treatment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 9040

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zhenli Mi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Engineering Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: advanced steels; deformation mechanism; microstructure; mechanical properties; advanced processing; service satefy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yonggang Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Institute of Engineering Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: advanced steels; microstructure characterization; deformation-induced martensite transformation; materials design

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development and performance optimization of high strength steels (HSS) have been a research focus since the mid-1970s when the HSS evolved. Numerous works and efforts have been made to develop the HSS and optimize their performance. Design strategies, such as, solution strengthening, precipitation hardening, grain refinement strengthening, and working hardening, are adopted to elevate the mechanical properties of HSS. Some novel conceptions, for example, Transformation-Induced Plasticity, are also included in order to meet the requirements of structural materials design. Related to this, a Special issue has been scheduled to provide a broad forum for the latest results in the development and performance optimization of HSS. This includes fundamental questions regarding the microstructure-property relationship, phase transformations, strain partitioning, strain hardening mechanisms and hydrogen embrittlement. Topics related to the processing, testing, characterization and applications of HSS are invited.

I am very honored to be invited to serve as a Guest Editor of the journal of Metals for a Special Issue entitled “Development and Performance Optimization of High-Strength Steels”, providing academic exchange opportunities for colleagues from all over the world to support the research and development of HSS. 

Prof. Dr. Zhenli Mi
Guest Editor

Dr. Yonggang Yang
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • high strength steels
  • mechanical properties
  • strain hardening mechanisms
  • phase transformations
  • alloy design

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 3661 KiB  
Article
Effect of Austenitizing Temperature on the Work Hardening Behavior of Air-Hardening Steel LH800
by Xiang Luo, Zhenli Mi, Yanxin Wu, Yonggang Yang, Haitao Jiang and Kuanhui Hu
Metals 2022, 12(6), 1026; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12061026 - 16 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1655
Abstract
In this paper, we present the effect of austenitizing temperature on the work hardening behavior of air-hardening steel LH800 by evaluating the influence of austenitizing temperature on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties, using Hollomon, Differential Crussard–Jaoul (DC-J), and Modified C-J (M [...] Read more.
In this paper, we present the effect of austenitizing temperature on the work hardening behavior of air-hardening steel LH800 by evaluating the influence of austenitizing temperature on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties, using Hollomon, Differential Crussard–Jaoul (DC-J), and Modified C-J (MC-J) work hardening models. The results reveal that with an increase in austenitizing temperature, there is an increase in the percentage of martensite, along with an increase in the strength and hardness of the LH800 steel; on the other hand, there is a decrease in the plasticity. Austenitized at 825 °C, LH800 steel exhibits its highest strength and good plasticity, with a tensile strength of 897 MPa and an elongation of 13.6%. The comparison between the three strain hardening models revealed that the Hollomon model was the finest fit for the experimental data utilized and could illustrate the work hardening behavior of LH800 steel most suitably. This model manifests a two-stage work hardening mechanism; the first stage is related to the plastic deformation of ferrite phase, while the second stage deals with the co-deformation of ferrite and martensite/bainite phase. As austenitizing temperature increases, the work hardening ability of LH800 steel diminishes at each stage, the transition strain decreases, and the plastic deformation of martensite starts earlier. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Performance Optimization of High-Strength Steels)
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19 pages, 7620 KiB  
Article
Stress Response Behavior, Microstructure Evolution and Constitutive Modeling of 22MnB5 Boron Steel under Isothermal Tensile Load
by Qian Zhou, Pengcheng Guo and Feng Qin
Metals 2022, 12(6), 930; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12060930 - 28 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1600
Abstract
22MnB5 boron steel has become one of the main choices for lightweight vehicles due to its extremely high mechanical properties. To explore the intrinsic relationship between the thermoforming process and thermo-mechanical behavior for constitutive modeling and thermoforming of vehicle structure, thermal tensile tests [...] Read more.
22MnB5 boron steel has become one of the main choices for lightweight vehicles due to its extremely high mechanical properties. To explore the intrinsic relationship between the thermoforming process and thermo-mechanical behavior for constitutive modeling and thermoforming of vehicle structure, thermal tensile tests in wide ranges of deformation temperature (500 °C to 950 °C) and strain rate (0.01 s−1 to 10 s−1) were performed using a Gleeble-1500D thermal simulator with hot-rolled 22MnB5 boron steel. With increasing applied strain and strain rate, the flow stress increases gradually and then tends to saturation after reaching peak stress, except for that at 0.01 s−1 and 500 °C. With increasing deformation temperature, the microstructure transforms from a mixture of bainite, ferrite and pearlite to lath-shaped martensite accompanied with some residual austenite. At 950 °C, the average size of martensite decreases with increasing applied strain rate. After thermoforming with austenitizing temperature of 950 °C, lath-shaped martensite accompanied with some residual austenite is obtained in a thermoformed U-shaped structural part, resulting in a dramatical increase in tensile strength. In contrast, the tensile strength of sidewall is slightly higher than that of bottom. Based on the Arrhenius-type constitutive model, a modified constitutive model is constructed with a relative error of less than 5%, which can well describe the flow stress behavior of the studied 22MnB5 boron steel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Performance Optimization of High-Strength Steels)
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24 pages, 8175 KiB  
Article
Numerical and Experimental Study on Hot Forming by Partition Cooling of 38MnB5Nb
by Xiao Liang, Xianjun Li, Decheng Wang, Xiyue Lin, Ping Luo, Zhunli Tan, Yong Song, Yu Tian, Junqing Hou, Chao Jiang, Yi Bian and Huasheng Xie
Metals 2022, 12(5), 839; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12050839 - 13 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1582
Abstract
Tailored properties hot forming of 38MnB5Nb by partition cooling can be configured on-demand. A gradient distribution microstructural characteristic can be generated by undertaking an appropriate cooling-tempering process for the regions with different properties requirements before forming. A unified viscoplastic constitutive model coupled with [...] Read more.
Tailored properties hot forming of 38MnB5Nb by partition cooling can be configured on-demand. A gradient distribution microstructural characteristic can be generated by undertaking an appropriate cooling-tempering process for the regions with different properties requirements before forming. A unified viscoplastic constitutive model coupled with the primary cooling temperature and related material constants is established based on genetic algorithm. Meanwhile, the use of the mixture of jet air and dry ice particles to cool the partition region is essential to achieve different primary cooling temperatures. In this paper, the inverse heat conduction problem is solved to obtain the relationship between the interfacial heat transfer coefficient and different cooling conditions in the partition cooling process. The U-shaped part is taken as an example to simulate the change of temperature, stress-strain, thickness, and spring-back in the process of partition cooling and tailored hot forming properties. The results show that the gradient microstructural characteristic formed by partition cooling has a great influence on the stress field distribution. The maximum stress of 345 MPa can be reached after complete pressure holding in the partition slow cooling tailored properties of the hot forming process. The maximum stress can reach 743 MPa in the partition fast cooling tailored properties of the hot forming process due to the relatively high deformation resistance of the tempered martensite at the bottom center. The maximum residual stress in the two processes after spring-back drops to 305 MPa and 545 MPa, respectively. The spring-back is small under the two processes, with a maximum spring back angle of no more than 1°. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Performance Optimization of High-Strength Steels)
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Review

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24 pages, 4725 KiB  
Review
Progress and Perspective of Ultra-High-Strength Martensitic Steels for Automobile
by Hao Chen, Linlin Zhao, Shenghai Lu, Zhangguo Lin, Tong Wen and Zejun Chen
Metals 2022, 12(12), 2184; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12122184 - 19 Dec 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3561
Abstract
With the background of emission peaks and carbon neutrality, light weight has become an irreversible trend in the development of the automobile industry. It is an inevitable choice to use a large amount of ultra-high-strength steels to realize light weight and safety of [...] Read more.
With the background of emission peaks and carbon neutrality, light weight has become an irreversible trend in the development of the automobile industry. It is an inevitable choice to use a large amount of ultra-high-strength steels to realize light weight and safety of automobiles. Ultra-high-strength martensitic steels can be divided into hot-formed steels and cold-formed steels according to the forming process. In recent years, ultra-high-strength martensitic steels have been rapidly developed in automotive battery pack frameworks, door guard beams, bumpers, A-pillars, etc., depending on their good plasticity and advanced forming technology. In this paper, the recent progress of ultra-high-strength martensitic steels for automobiles is systematically reviewed, the mechanisms of alloying, strengthening, and toughening are emphatically expounded, and the hydrogen embrittlement problems in application are summarized. Finally, the prospects of manufacture and application of ultra-high-strength martensitic steels for automobiles in the future are forecasted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Performance Optimization of High-Strength Steels)
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