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Metals
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Metallic Functional Materials: Development and Applications
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Metallic Functional Materials: Development and Applications

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metallic Functional Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 7251

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Changlong Tan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
Interests: shape memory alloys; martensitic transformation; first-principle calculations
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Kun Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
Interests: shape memory alloys; caloric materials; machine learning; phase transition; first-principle calculations
Dr. Yan Feng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
Interests: shape memory alloy; martensitic phase transformation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metallic functional materials refer to metallic materials with special physical, chemical, or biological properties that are used for non-structural purposes. They cover a wide range of fields, including shape memory alloys, metallic magnetic materials, amorphous alloys, energy materials, biological materials, THz metamaterials, and nanometal materials. In recent decades, with the great advancement in the development and design of new types of metallic functional materials, increasingly more novel materials and their functional properties have been explored in the research. Meanwhile, to satisfy the progressive requirements in the field of aerospace, as well as aeronautical, automotive, electronic, and bio-medical applications, more efficient material designs and developments are necessary. The current Special Issue of Metals focuses on the latest developments of metallic functional materials, including new functional properties and applications, efficient design methods (high-throughput multiscale materials computing and machine learning), novel synthesis and processing methods (additive manufacturing), and advanced technologies in material characterizations (interactions with radiation, and diffraction and scattering techniques).

We invite submissions of manuscripts to this Special Issue that address the listed topics.

Prof. Dr. Changlong Tan
Dr. Kun Zhang
Dr. Yan Feng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • shape memory alloys
  • phase transformation
  • first-principle calculations
  • machine learning
  • structural characterization
  • terahertz metamaterials
  • elastocaloric effect
  • magnetocaloric effect
  • barocaloric effect
  • additive manufacturing

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2833 KiB  
Article
Improvement in the Hydrogen Storage Properties of MgH2 by Adding NaAlH4
by Young-Jun Kwak, Myoung-Youp Song and Ki-Tae Lee
Metals 2024, 14(2), 227; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14020227 - 13 Feb 2024
Viewed by 848
Abstract
Milled MgH2, MgH2-10NaAlH4, MgH2-30NaAlH4, MgH2-50NaAlH4, and MgH2-2Ni-10NaAlH4 samples were prepared by milling in a planetary ball mill in hydrogen atmosphere (reactive mechanical milling, RMM). Decomposition temperatures [...] Read more.
Milled MgH2, MgH2-10NaAlH4, MgH2-30NaAlH4, MgH2-50NaAlH4, and MgH2-2Ni-10NaAlH4 samples were prepared by milling in a planetary ball mill in hydrogen atmosphere (reactive mechanical milling, RMM). Decomposition temperatures of milled MgH2, NaAlH4, MgH2-10NaAlH4, and MgH2-30NaAlH4 were examined in a Sieverts-type hydrogen absorption and release apparatus, in which the hydrogen pressures were kept nearly constant during hydrogen absorption or release. As the content of NaAlH4 in the sample increased, the temperature at the highest peak in the ratio of increase in released hydrogen quantity to increase in temperature versus temperature curve decreased. Hydriding in 12 bar hydrogen and dehydriding in 1.0 bar hydrogen at 593 K of MgH2-30NaAlH4 are performed by the reversible reactions MgH2 ⇔ Mg + H2 and 17MgH2 + 12Al ⇔ Mg17Al12 + 17H2. MgH2-30NaAlH4 was the best Mg-based composite among Mg-based alloys in which an oxide, a halide, a fluoride, or a complex hydride was added, with a high hydrogen absorption rate for 2.5 min (2.20 wt% H/min) and a large effective hydrogen storage capacity (7.42 wt% H). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Functional Materials: Development and Applications)
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14 pages, 15928 KiB  
Article
Inverse Magnetocaloric Effect in Heusler Ni44.4Mn36.2Sn14.9Cu4.5 Alloy at Low Temperatures
by Alexander P. Kamantsev, Yuriy S. Koshkid’ko, Ruslan Yu. Gaifullin, Irek I. Musabirov, Anatoliy V. Koshelev, Alexey V. Mashirov, Vladimir V. Sokolovskiy, Vasiliy D. Buchelnikov, Jacek Ćwik and Vladimir G. Shavrov
Metals 2023, 13(12), 1985; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13121985 - 07 Dec 2023
Viewed by 899
Abstract
Direct measurements of the magnetocaloric effect were performed in a Heusler Ni44.4Mn36.2Sn14.9Cu4.5 alloy at cryogenic temperatures in magnetic fields up to 10 T. The maximum value of the inverse magnetocaloric effect in a 10 T field [...] Read more.
Direct measurements of the magnetocaloric effect were performed in a Heusler Ni44.4Mn36.2Sn14.9Cu4.5 alloy at cryogenic temperatures in magnetic fields up to 10 T. The maximum value of the inverse magnetocaloric effect in a 10 T field was ∆Tad = –2.7 K in the vicinity of the first-order magnetostructural phase transition at T0 = 117 K. Ab initio and Monte Carlo calculations were performed to discuss the effect of Cu doping into a Ni-Mn-Sn compound on the ground-state structural and magnetic properties. It is shown that with increasing Cu content the martensitic transition temperature decreases and the Curie temperature of austenite slightly increases. In general, the calculated transition temperatures and magnetization values correlated well with the experimental ones. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Functional Materials: Development and Applications)
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12 pages, 2580 KiB  
Article
The Cyclic Stability of the Superelasticity in Quenched and Aged Ni44Fe19Ga27Co10 Single Crystals
by Ekaterina Timofeeva, Elena Panchenko, Maria Zherdeva, Aida Tokhmetova and Yuriy I. Chumlyakov
Metals 2023, 13(9), 1538; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13091538 - 30 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 719
Abstract
The effect of aging (at 773 K for 1 h) on the cyclic stability of superelasticity was studied in preliminarily quenched (after annealing at 1448 K for 1 h) Ni44Fe19Ga27Co10 [001]-oriented single crystals. It was shown [...] Read more.
The effect of aging (at 773 K for 1 h) on the cyclic stability of superelasticity was studied in preliminarily quenched (after annealing at 1448 K for 1 h) Ni44Fe19Ga27Co10 [001]-oriented single crystals. It was shown that NiFeGaCo single crystals (both quenched and aged) exhibited highly stable superelasticity during more than 105 loading/unloading cycles in compression without destruction. The degradation of the superelasticity curves was divided into stages, and each stage of degradation was carefully considered. The precipitation of ω-phase particles led to a change in the degradation mechanism of superelasticity in the aged crystals. The main degradation mechanism for quenched crystals is a formation of uniform distribution of dislocations; for aged crystals, the microstructural degradation mechanisms consist of a non-uniform distribution of dislocations around the particles and the appearance of residual martensite. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Functional Materials: Development and Applications)
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13 pages, 1491 KiB  
Article
Magnetostriction of Heusler Ferromagnetic Alloy, Ni2MnGa0.88Cu0.12, around Martensitic Transition Temperature
by Takuo Sakon, Koki Morikawa, Yasuo Narumi, Masayuki Hagiwara, Takeshi Kanomata, Hiroyuki Nojiri and Yoshiya Adachi
Metals 2023, 13(7), 1185; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13071185 - 26 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1202
Abstract
In this study, magnetostriction measurements were performed on the ferromagnetic Heusler alloy, Ni2MnGa0.88Cu0.12, which is characterized by the occurrence of the martensitic phase and ferromagnetic transitions at the same temperature. In the austenite and martensite phases, the [...] Read more.
In this study, magnetostriction measurements were performed on the ferromagnetic Heusler alloy, Ni2MnGa0.88Cu0.12, which is characterized by the occurrence of the martensitic phase and ferromagnetic transitions at the same temperature. In the austenite and martensite phases, the alloy crystallizes in the L21 and D022-like crystal structure, respectively. As the crystal structure changes at the martensitic transition temperature (TM), a large magnetostriction due to the martensitic and ferromagnetic transitions induced by magnetic fields is expected to occur. First, magnetization (M-H) measurements are performed, and metamagnetic transitions are observed in the magnetic field of μ0H = 4 T at 344 K. This result shows that the phase transition was induced by the magnetic field under a constant temperature. Forced magnetostriction measurements (ΔL/L) are then performed under a constant temperature and atmospheric pressure (P = 0.1 MPa). Magnetostriction up to 1300 ppm is observed around TM. The magnetization results and magnetostriction measurements showed the occurrence of the magnetic-field-induced strain from the paramagnetic austenite phase to the ferromagnetic martensite phase. As a reference sample, we measure the magnetostriction of the Ni2MnGa-type (Ni50Mn30Ga20) alloy, which causes the martensite phase transition at TM = 315 K. The measurement of magnetostriction at room temperature (298 K) showed a magnetostriction of 3300 ppm. The magnetostriction of Ni2MnGa0.88Cu0.12 is observed to be one-third that of Ni50Mn30Ga20 but larger than that of Terfenol-D (800 ppm), which is renowned as the giant magnetostriction alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Functional Materials: Development and Applications)
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14 pages, 3768 KiB  
Article
Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber Based on Ni–Mn–Sn Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy Films
by Rui Liu, Xiaochuan Wang, Jiachen Zhu, Xiaohua Tian, Wenbin Zhao, Changlong Tan and Kun Zhang
Metals 2023, 13(7), 1162; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13071162 - 22 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 920
Abstract
Terahertz absorbers have been extensively investigated by researchers due to their applications in thermophotovoltaic energy conversion and sensors, but a key factor limiting their development is the lack of vital and versatile materials. Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs) offer a novel remedy for [...] Read more.
Terahertz absorbers have been extensively investigated by researchers due to their applications in thermophotovoltaic energy conversion and sensors, but a key factor limiting their development is the lack of vital and versatile materials. Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs) offer a novel remedy for tunable metamaterials due to their brilliant recovery of deformation, remote control, and transient response. In this study, we propose a tunable absorber based on magnetic field tuning, consisting of Ni–Mn–Sn ferro-magnetic shape memory alloy films in fractal geometry and optically excited Si plates. Numerical analysis shows that the proposed absorber has an absorbance bandwidth of 1.129 THz above 90% between 1.950 THz and 3.079 THz. The absorber geometry can be regulated by an external magnetic field, allowing dynamic switching between broadband and narrowband absorption modes, the latter showing an ultra-narrow bandwidth and a high-quality factor Q of ~25.8. The proposed terahertz absorber has several advantages over current state-of-the-art bifunctional absorbers, including its ultra-thin structure of 10.39 μm and an additional switching function. The absorption can be continuously tuned from 90% to 5% when the light-excited silicon plate is transferred from the insulator state to the metal state. This study presents a promising alternative strategy for developing actively regulated and versatile terahertz-integrated devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Functional Materials: Development and Applications)
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17 pages, 6238 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Fatigue Resistance of Nanocrystalline Ni50.8Ti49.2 Wires by Mechanical Training
by Peng Chen, Xiaorong Cai, Na Min, Yunfan Liu, Zhengxiong Wang, Mingjiang Jin and Xuejun Jin
Metals 2023, 13(2), 361; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020361 - 10 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1040
Abstract
In this paper, the fatigue resistance of superelastic NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) wires was improved by combining mechanical training and nanocrystallization. Fatigue tests were performed after mechanical training with a peak stress of 600 MPa for 60 cycles of nanocrystalline (NC) NiTi [...] Read more.
In this paper, the fatigue resistance of superelastic NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) wires was improved by combining mechanical training and nanocrystallization. Fatigue tests were performed after mechanical training with a peak stress of 600 MPa for 60 cycles of nanocrystalline (NC) NiTi wires, and the associated microscopic mechanism was investigated by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD). The results showed that stress-controlled training effectively improved the functional stability (the accumulated residual strain decreased by 83.8% in the first 5000 cycles) of NC NiTi SMA wires, as well as increased the average structural fatigue life by 187.4% (from 4538 cycles to 13,040 cycles). TEM observations and TKD results revealed that training-induced dislocations resulted in lattice rotation and preferential grain orientation. The finite element method (FEM) simulation results indicated that the training-induced preferential grain orientation tended to decrease the local stress concentration and strain energy density. Combined with fractography analysis, the uniform deformation caused by mechanical training changed the crack growth mode from multi-regional propagation to single-regional propagation, improving the structural fatigue life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Functional Materials: Development and Applications)
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Graphical abstract

9 pages, 1969 KiB  
Article
Large Magnetic Entropy Change in GdRuSi Optimal for Magnetocaloric Liquefaction of Nitrogen
by Anatoly G. Kuchin, Sergey P. Platonov, Roman D. Mukhachev, Alexey V. Lukoyanov, Aleksey S. Volegov, Vasilii S. Gaviko and Mari Yu. Yakovleva
Metals 2023, 13(2), 290; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020290 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1042
Abstract
The search for new magnetocaloric materials for application in magnetic refrigerants is highly motivated by high efficiency, reliability, and environmental safety. The values of the magnetocaloric effect MCE and the refrigerant capacity RC for the equiatomic GdRuSi compound were determined to be MCE [...] Read more.
The search for new magnetocaloric materials for application in magnetic refrigerants is highly motivated by high efficiency, reliability, and environmental safety. The values of the magnetocaloric effect MCE and the refrigerant capacity RC for the equiatomic GdRuSi compound were determined to be MCE = 10.7 and 4.94 J/kgK and RC = 336 and 92 J/kg with a change in the field of 0–50 and 0–17 kOe, respectively. These high values of MCE and RC for GdRuSi appear in the region of nitrogen liquefaction temperature of 77.4 K, due to which the compound can be useful in practice. The densities of states and magnetic moments of GdRuSi were calculated theoretically, taking into account strong electron correlations in the 4f Gd shell. The total magnetic moment of GdRuSi was found to be composed of the Gd moment only with the value calculated in very good agreement with the experimental one. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Functional Materials: Development and Applications)
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