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Metals
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Advances in Friction Stir Welding Process of Metals
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Advances in Friction Stir Welding Process of Metals

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Welding and Joining".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 8454

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sergey Malopheyev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Mechanical Properties of Nanostructural Materials and Superalloys, Belgorod State University, Belgorod 308015, Russia
Interests: friction stir welding/processing of aluminum alloys; microstructure evolution; recrystallization process; strengthening mechanisms; mechanical properties; post-weld heat treatment; FSW tools
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue focuses on friction stir welding and processing. As is well known, friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new technology of joining materials that has been further developed as a method to modify or improve materials, called friction stir processing (FSP). The distinctive features of FSW and FSP are their solid-state nature, high strain, and intensive recrystallization, which ensure the formation of a fine- or ultrafine-grained structure and excellent mechanical properties. Low energy consumption, high productivity, a wide range of obtained properties, the joining of "unweldable" materials, and other numerous advantages, promote the intensive development and adoption of FSW and FSP around the world. Thus, the aim of this Special Issue is to cover new advances, trends, and improvements in friction stir welding and processing.

Dr. Sergey Malopheyev
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • friction stir welding
  • friction stir processing
  • FSW tool
  • mechanical properties
  • microstructure
  • microhardness
  • recrystallization
  • EBSD
  • superplasticity

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2000 KiB  
Article
Effect of Friction Stir Welding on Short-Term Creep Response of Pure Titanium
by Stefano Spigarelli, Michael Regev, Alberto Santoni, Marcello Cabibbo and Eleonora Santecchia
Metals 2023, 13(9), 1616; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13091616 - 19 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 667
Abstract
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a recent joining technique that has received considerable attention. FSW causes significant variations in the material microstructure commonly associated with changes in the mechanical properties. The present study deals with the creep response of pure titanium (CP-Ti grade [...] Read more.
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a recent joining technique that has received considerable attention. FSW causes significant variations in the material microstructure commonly associated with changes in the mechanical properties. The present study deals with the creep response of pure titanium (CP-Ti grade 2) after FSW. Dog-bone creep samples, obtained by machining, which show the longitudinal axis of each sample being perpendicular to the welding direction, were tested in constant load machines at 550 and 600 °C. The creep response of the FSW samples was analyzed and compared with that of the unwelded material. The shape of the creep curves was conventional, although the FSW samples went to rupture for strains lower than the base metal. The minimum creep rates for FSW samples were, in general, lower than for the unwelded metal tested in equivalent conditions. In addition, when the applied stress was high, deformation concentrated in the parent metal. The creep strain became more and more homogeneous along the gauge length as testing stress decreased. A constitutive model, recently developed for describing the creep response of the base metal, was then used to rationalize the observed reduction in the minimum strain rate in FSW samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Friction Stir Welding Process of Metals)
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16 pages, 7252 KiB  
Article
Influence of Tool–Base Metal Interference on the Performance of an Aluminium–Magnesium Alloy Joined via Bobbin Tool Friction Stir Welding
by Sebastian Balos, Danka Labus Zlatanovic, Nenad Kulundzic, Petar Janjatovic, Miroslav Dramicanin, Zorana Lanc, Miodrag Hadzistevic, Slobodan Radisic, Dragan Rajnovic and Milan Pecanac
Metals 2023, 13(7), 1215; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13071215 - 30 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 943
Abstract
Bobbin tool friction stir welding (BTFSW) is a variant of the FSW process which uses the special two-shoulder tool that forms the top and bottom of a weld surface. As such, a significant simplification of the welding setup is achieved. One of the [...] Read more.
Bobbin tool friction stir welding (BTFSW) is a variant of the FSW process which uses the special two-shoulder tool that forms the top and bottom of a weld surface. As such, a significant simplification of the welding setup is achieved. One of the dominant parameters of the BTFSW process is the interference between the tool shoulder pinch gap and the weld metal thickness. In this research, the influence of interference of the square pin tool with convex shoulders on process temperature, microstructure, tensile, impact, and bend performance were studied, and appropriate correlations were devised. The base metal was an aluminum–magnesium alloy in which the interference varied in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 mm. Wormhole defects and irregularities were found in all specimens except in the specimen welded with 0.4 mm interference. An optimal interference of 0.4 mm resulted in the best mechanical properties, which, in terms of tensile strength and reduction of area, were similar to the base metal. Furthermore, the impact strength was significantly higher, which was attributed to the grain refinement effect in the nugget zone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Friction Stir Welding Process of Metals)
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15 pages, 7228 KiB  
Article
The Evolution of Abnormal Grains during the Heating Stage of a Post-Weld Solution Treatment in a Friction-Stir-Welded 2519 Aluminium Alloy
by Ivan S. Zuiko, Sergey Malopheyev, Salaheddin Rahimi, Sergey Mironov and Rustam Kaibyshev
Metals 2023, 13(6), 1033; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13061033 - 27 May 2023
Viewed by 1189
Abstract
This work presents an in-depth investigation of the early stages of abnormal grain growth (AGG) in a friction-stir-welded (FSWed) 2519-T820 aluminium alloy. Microstructural evolutions, which occurred during the heating stage of a solution heat treatment (SHT), were studied. It was found that the [...] Read more.
This work presents an in-depth investigation of the early stages of abnormal grain growth (AGG) in a friction-stir-welded (FSWed) 2519-T820 aluminium alloy. Microstructural evolutions, which occurred during the heating stage of a solution heat treatment (SHT), were studied. It was found that the welded materials underwent a complex sequence of precipitation phenomena, which eventually led to AGG. The evolution of precipitates was found to be heavily dependent on the FSW temperature condition. In a weld produced with a low-heat input, a significant portion of the precipitates were retained in the stir zone after FSW and then underwent coarsening and a subsequent dissolution during the annealing that followed. This led to a reduction in precipitation-pinning forces and thus promoted rapid grain coarsening. In a weld produced with a high-heat input, the initial precipitates were completely dissolved during the FSW, owing to the higher temperature, and then partially re-precipitated during the heating stage of the post-weld heat treatment. Due to the fine-grain structure of the stir zone, re-precipitation typically occurred at grain boundaries, thus promoting significant thermal stability. However, at temperatures approaching the SHT temperature, the new precipitates coarsened and then dissolved, resulting in AGG. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Friction Stir Welding Process of Metals)
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11 pages, 4809 KiB  
Article
The Evolution of the Nugget Zone for Dissimilar AA6061/AA7075 Joints Fabricated via Multiple-Pass Friction Stir Welding
by Yu Chen, Zhihui Cai, Hua Ding and Fenghe Zhang
Metals 2021, 11(10), 1506; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101506 - 23 Sep 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1585
Abstract
AA6061 and AA7075 aluminum alloys were successfully joined by using single-pass and multiple-pass friction stir welding techniques after which the effects on the nugget zone evolution from a second overlapping pass and its welding direction, were investigated. In comparison to single-pass friction stir [...] Read more.
AA6061 and AA7075 aluminum alloys were successfully joined by using single-pass and multiple-pass friction stir welding techniques after which the effects on the nugget zone evolution from a second overlapping pass and its welding direction, were investigated. In comparison to single-pass friction stir welding, the application of a second overlapping pass prolonged the dynamic recrystallization time, and the grains of the nugget zone became finer with increased high angle grain boundaries. Moreover, reversing the welding direction of the second overlapping pass enhanced the vertical flow of materials, increasing the strain of the friction stir welding in the nugget zone. As a result, the efficiency of the grain refinement and mixture of dissimilar materials during the second overlapping pass were significantly elevated. The tensile strength of the nugget zone was improved after the second overlapping pass due to both the grain refinement and mechanical interlocking of the AA6061/AA7075 alloys. The nugget zone, which was fabricated via the multiple-pass friction stir welding technique using an opposite welding direction, exhibited a 23% increase in yield strength as compared to the sample using the single-pass friction stir welding technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Friction Stir Welding Process of Metals)
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Review

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26 pages, 10969 KiB  
Review
A Review of the Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Materials between Aluminum Alloys and Copper
by Yumeng Sun, Wenbiao Gong, Jiacheng Feng, Guipeng Lu, Rui Zhu and Yupeng Li
Metals 2022, 12(4), 675; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12040675 - 14 Apr 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3713
Abstract
With the rapid development of various industries, the connection of copper and aluminum is in high demand. However, as a solid-phase connection technology, friction stir welding has a potential application prospect in the connection of copper and aluminum. This paper comprehensively summarizes the [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of various industries, the connection of copper and aluminum is in high demand. However, as a solid-phase connection technology, friction stir welding has a potential application prospect in the connection of copper and aluminum. This paper comprehensively summarizes the most recent 20 years of the literature related to the friction stir welding of copper and aluminum. The application significance of copper and aluminum connectors is introduced, and the research field of the friction stir welding of copper and aluminum is analyzed and explored from the aspects of welding technology, microstructure and mechanical properties, as well as innovations and improvements in the welding process. In view of the research status of this field, the authors put forward their views and prospects for its future, aiming to provide a basis for researchers in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Friction Stir Welding Process of Metals)
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