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New Trends of Powder Engineering and Additive Manufacturing (Editorial Board...
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New Trends of Powder Engineering and Additive Manufacturing (Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series)

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Powder Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 5832

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Joan-Josep Suñol

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi s/n, 17003 Girona, Spain
Interests: Powder Metallurgy; Structural Analysis; Thermal Analysis; Mechanical Alloying; Nanocrystalline
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Leszek Adam Dobrzański

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Medical and Dental Engineering Centre for Research, Design and Production ASKLEPIOS, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: materials engineering; nanotechnology; biomaterials; medical; dental; manufacturing and surface engineering; machine building and automation; management and organization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Powder metallurgy is a set of fabrication techniques related to three major processing steps. First, the precursor material is physically powdered (micro- or nanometric particles). Second, the powder is consolidated to obtain bulk specimens (traditionally by injection into a mould or passed through a dye). Third, pressure and/or temperature is applied. Powder metallurgy is now also applied in the production of composites. Furthermore, new topics have emerged, such as the circular economy or raw materials. In this Special Issue, we expect manuscripts related to new trends in materials (such as high-entropy alloys) and processes (additive manufacturing, unconventional sintering processes). Articles on a) mechanical properties: (fatigue, plasticity, creep), b) physical response (magnetic, electric) and/or c) oxidation–corrosion are welcome, as are review articles.

Prof. Dr. Joan-Josep Suñol
Prof. Dr. Leszek Adam Dobrzański
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Powder metallurgy
  • Powder
  • Mechanical alloying
  • Sintering
  • Consolidation
  • Additive manufacturing
  • New processes and materials

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 9613 KiB  
Article
Processing, Microstructure, and Properties of Bimetallic Steel-Ni Alloy Powder HIP
by Shenyan Huang, Chen Shen and Victor Samarov
Metals 2024, 14(1), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14010118 - 19 Jan 2024
Viewed by 674
Abstract
This work explores technical feasibility in hot isostatic pressing (HIP) manufacturing of an integral bimetallic component using steel and Ni alloy powder for supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) turbomachinery. Lab-scale bimetallic HIP specimens using HAYNES® 282® and SS316L or SS415 [...] Read more.
This work explores technical feasibility in hot isostatic pressing (HIP) manufacturing of an integral bimetallic component using steel and Ni alloy powder for supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) turbomachinery. Lab-scale bimetallic HIP specimens using HAYNES® 282® and SS316L or SS415 powder are investigated in powder configuration, heat treatment, microstructure, and tensile properties up to 400 °C. Interdiffusion profiles at dissimilar alloy interfaces caused by HIP cycle is predicted by DICTRA simulations and validated by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The interdiffusion distance of most elements is around 100 μm, while C and N have a higher interdiffusion distance. Dense distribution of Ti-rich carbonitrides and alumina particles are found to decorate prior particle boundaries near joining interface on the 282 side, affecting tensile strength across interface as well as tensile failure location. A higher amount of excessive carbonitride formation near interface is observed in SS316L/282 than in SS415/282, which is consistent with the predicted greater degree of interdiffusion effect in SS316L/282. Typical HAYNES® 282® heat treatment condition is applicable to 282/SS316L and 282/SS415 combinations, resulting in a higher strength than cast CF8M and CA6NM. A pilot-scale bimetallic SS415/282 pipe is then demonstrated to show the promise of scaleup. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends of Powder Engineering and Additive Manufacturing (Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series))
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13 pages, 4198 KiB  
Article
Deciphering Microstructures and Phases of Gas-Atomised Novel Al-Fe-Si-Cr-Ni Alloys
by Bhaskaranand Bhatt, Alessandra Martucci, Enrico Virgillito, Federico Gobber, Federica Bondioli, Diego Manfredi, Mariangela Lombardi and Paolo Fino
Metals 2024, 14(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14010017 - 22 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1171
Abstract
Rapid solidification techniques, such as gas atomisation, have been widely implemented in metallic alloys/composites to increase solid solubility, avoid or mitigate segregation phenomena, and favour metastable phase formation to enhance performance. Particularly, gas atomisation can enhance the solid solubility of low diffusion coefficient [...] Read more.
Rapid solidification techniques, such as gas atomisation, have been widely implemented in metallic alloys/composites to increase solid solubility, avoid or mitigate segregation phenomena, and favour metastable phase formation to enhance performance. Particularly, gas atomisation can enhance the solid solubility of low diffusion coefficient elements like Fe, Ni, Mn, Zr, and Cr in the α-Al matrix, yielding metastable phases. As a result, Al alloys exhibit excellent strength at high temperatures. In this study, the AISI 304L alloy was employed to introduce Fe, Ni, and Cr elements into the AlSi10Mg alloy through gas atomisation, resulting in the formation of two distinct hypereutectic AlFe-based alloys: AlFe9Si8Cr2Ni and AlFe18Si8Cr5Ni2. Gas-atomised alloy powders were separated into different size fractions by sieving and characterised using X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Microstructural analyses revealed dendritic patterns with distinct phases, highlighting the influence of the alloying element content on the solidification processes. Furthermore, a synergic evaluation of the XRD and EDS analysis results allowed the identification of intermetallic phases and their distribution in the two systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends of Powder Engineering and Additive Manufacturing (Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series))
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16 pages, 3240 KiB  
Article
Study on Debinding and Sintering Conditions in Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of 316L and 316L + Cu
by Jean-François Silvain, Daniel Lincoln Gifford, Sébastien Fourcade, Laurent Cuzacq, Jean-Luc Grosseau-Poussard, Catherine Debiemme-Chouvy, Nicolas Tessier Doyen and Yongfeng Lu
Metals 2023, 13(11), 1858; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13111858 - 07 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1016
Abstract
This study investigates the use of a methylcellulose binder in extrusion additive manufacturing of 316L as an alternative to common wax-based binders. Various quantities of copper (Cu) powder were also added in the paste composition to attempt to reduce the sintering temperature by [...] Read more.
This study investigates the use of a methylcellulose binder in extrusion additive manufacturing of 316L as an alternative to common wax-based binders. Various quantities of copper (Cu) powder were also added in the paste composition to attempt to reduce the sintering temperature by promoting persistent liquid phase sintering. Debinding experiments were conducted under different temperatures and dwell times using argon (Ar), Ar/5%H2, and Ar/1%O2 atmospheres. Debinding reduced carbon (C) content to 0.032 wt.% by using a two-step debinding process of Ar/5%H2 and Ar/1%O2 thermal treatments. Using this debinding process, sintering was conducted at 1200 °C under Ar/5%H2 atmosphere with the presence of 0, 10, and 20 vol.% Cu in the paste. Microstructure, mechanical, and corrosion properties were studied. Cu additions allowed the improvement of the densification when sintering at 1200 °C was performed. A 20 vol.% Cu addition yielded 88% relative density after sintering for 10 h, while pure 316L powder sintered under the same conditions had 70%. Mechanical properties were inferior to fully dense stainless steel, but it is not clear if this is due to the Cu additions or insufficient densification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends of Powder Engineering and Additive Manufacturing (Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series))
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14 pages, 36423 KiB  
Article
A Systematic Study on Layer-Level Multi-Material Fabrication of Parts via Laser-Powder Bed Fusion Process
by Andrea Angelastro, Paolo Posa, Vito Errico and Sabina Luisa Campanelli
Metals 2023, 13(9), 1588; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13091588 - 13 Sep 2023
Viewed by 744
Abstract
In this work, a systematic study was conducted on the fabrication of multi-material components obtained employing Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) technology. The idea of making multi-material components is a winning capability of additive technologies because it allows for the fabrication of Functionally Graded [...] Read more.
In this work, a systematic study was conducted on the fabrication of multi-material components obtained employing Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) technology. The idea of making multi-material components is a winning capability of additive technologies because it allows for the fabrication of Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) with the customization of parts according to different required properties. This study aims to determine the ability of an inexpensive system, adaptable to the L-PBF machines already on the market, with a powder-spreading technique based on coaters or rollers, to produce parts with continuously variable properties in each layer. Also, the correlation between certain selectable factors in the production design and the result obtained in terms of metallurgical and mechanical properties and chemical composition was investigated. The factors studied were the relative position of the different materials within the powder chamber and the geometry of the equipment designed to produce the cFGMs components. The performed tests involved the use of two materials, a nickel-based superalloy, and a stainless steel, having different chemical, physical, and mechanical properties to obtain gradual property variations in the manufactured samples. Based on the results of post-process characterization obtained via metallographic, chemical, and mechanical analysis, the relative positions of the materials and the geometry of the developed equipment have a limited effect on the sample’s manufactured properties. The characteristics of the FGM zone depend on the nature of the employed powders, and its extent coincides with that defined during the design of the divider. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends of Powder Engineering and Additive Manufacturing (Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series))
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13 pages, 10873 KiB  
Article
Research on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Repaired 7N01 Aluminum Alloy by Laser-Directed Energy Deposition with Sc Modified Al-Zn-Mg
by Jibing Chen, Shanji Yu, Junsheng Yang, Rong Xu, Ruidi Li, Shisen Huang, Hongbin Zhu and Xinyan Liu
Metals 2023, 13(5), 829; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13050829 - 23 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1351
Abstract
Aluminum alloy is an important material used in railway train structures. It is of great significance to repair aluminum alloy through directional energy deposition to reduce cost and improve the performance of the aluminum alloy. In this study, 7N01 aluminum alloy was repaired [...] Read more.
Aluminum alloy is an important material used in railway train structures. It is of great significance to repair aluminum alloy through directional energy deposition to reduce cost and improve the performance of the aluminum alloy. In this study, 7N01 aluminum alloy was repaired by means of laser-directed energy deposition (DED) with the powder of Sc-modified Al-Zn-Mg aluminum alloy as raw material. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the repaired specimens were studied through the metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope, electron backscatter diffraction, universal tensile test, and Vickers hardness test in combination. The results show that the bonding interface of the repaired aluminum alloy is satisfactory, and the porosity is 2.8%. The grains in the repaired area are the columnar crystals growing vertically along the boundary of the melt pool with an obvious temperature gradient. Fine equiaxed crystals are distributed along the boundary of the melt pool, and Al3(Sc,Zr) particles play a role in grain refinement. The average grain size of the fine grain area in the repair zone next to the fusion zone is 9.1 μm, and the average grain size of the coarse grain area is 20 μm. The average tensile strength in the area of repair approaches 349 MPa, which is 91% that of the base material, and the elongation rate is 10.9%, which is 53.2% that of the base material. The hardness ranges between 122 HV and 131 HV, which is comparable to the base material. However, there is a significant decrease in the tensile strength and hardness of the base material (heat-affected zone). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends of Powder Engineering and Additive Manufacturing (Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series))
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: Effect of texture on deformation behavior of high-manganese steels produced by laser direct energy deposition
Authors: Hyun Ji Nam; Wookjin Lee
Affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University
Abstract: Laser direct energy deposition (L-DED) process is one of the additive manufacturing processes in which metallic three-dimensional components are made by directly injecting metallic powder on a melt pool produced by laser. Crystallographic texture of the metallic components made by the L-DED process can vary significantly with different laser scanning strategy, due to the different local solidification behavior during the process. On the other hand, high-manganese steels are a special type of Fe-based alloy which exhibit excellent combinations between strength and ductility due to the stress-induced phase transformation and/or twinning during deformation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of process-inherited texture on the mechanical properties of L-DED processed high manganese steels. High manganese steels with two different alloying compositions of Fe-(13, 24)Mn-0.4C (wt.%) were used for the L-DED process. Influence of texture on transformation induced plasticity and twining induced plasticity behavior of the alloys were investigated.

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