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Membranes
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Development of Membranes in Battery and Membrane-Based Devices
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Development of Membranes in Battery and Membrane-Based Devices

A special issue of Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375). This special issue belongs to the section "Membrane Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 8930

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Tuti Mariana Lim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 639798, Singapore
Interests: energy storage technologies; materials recovery; advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs); hybrid membrane-AOTs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, have shown great promise in relieving the world’s dependence on fossil fuels, thereby achieving a low-carbon society. However, the intermittent nature of renewables has caused unpredictable matching between electricity supply and demand, leading to unstable and inconsistent power delivery. Thus, energy storage technologies—in particular, battery technologies—are needed to address the challenges towards integrating renewable energy into the power grid. The membrane is one of the main components of batteries, which not only affects the whole cyclability performance but also determines the economic viability of the system. Additionally, the increasing customer demands for environmentally friendly membrane products has prompted scientists to search for facile, low cost and green production routes of novel membrane-based devices.

This vision has prompted intensive research into the development of novel and cost-effective membranes that combine both performance and cost benefits in batteries and other membrane-based devices. Numerous efforts have been made to develop various types of membranes, including introducing functional groups and non-ionic porous membranes. This Special Issue, therefore, seeks contributions from all research groups and companies that are currently engaged in battery- and membrane-based product research, development and commercialization to describe the technical developments, reviews, communications, and case studies that reflect the current state of the art and the cutting-edge progress of membranes for batteries and other membrane-based devices.

Dr. Tuti Mariana Lim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Membranes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 4357 KiB  
Article
Effects of 1, 2, 4-Triazole Additive on PEM Fuel Cell Conditioning
by Nana Zhao, Zhiqing Shi, Régis Chenitz, François Girard and Asmae Mokrini
Membranes 2020, 10(11), 301; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10110301 - 22 Oct 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2199
Abstract
Melt processing is one of the essential technologies for the mass production of polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) at low cost. Azoles have been widely used in PEM to improve their conductivity at a relatively low humidity and recently as bifunctional additives in a [...] Read more.
Melt processing is one of the essential technologies for the mass production of polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) at low cost. Azoles have been widely used in PEM to improve their conductivity at a relatively low humidity and recently as bifunctional additives in a melt blowing processing for PEM mass production. In this work, we attempted to assess the effect of 1, 2, 4-triazole additive in membranes and in catalyst layers on PEM fuel cell conditioning. Various characterization tools including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and conditioning with constant current were applied to diagnose the temporary electrochemical reaction effect and the permanent performance loss caused by the triazole additives. It was found that triazole additives in membranes could migrate into the catalyst layers and significantly affect the open circuit voltage (OCV) and the conditioning. The effect could be partially or completely removed/cleaned either through longer conditioning time or via CV cycling, which depends on the amount of additives remaining in the membrane. The findings provide valuable scientific insights on the relevance of post treatment steps during membrane production and overcoming fuel cell contamination issues due to residual additive in the membranes and understanding the quality control needed for fuel cell membranes by melt blowing processing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Membranes in Battery and Membrane-Based Devices)
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21 pages, 5458 KiB  
Article
Direct Measurement of Crossover and Interfacial Resistance of Ion-Exchange Membranes in All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
by Yasser Ashraf Gandomi, Doug S. Aaron, Zachary B. Nolan, Arya Ahmadi and Matthew M. Mench
Membranes 2020, 10(6), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10060126 - 18 Jun 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3440
Abstract
Among various components commonly used in redox flow batteries (RFBs), the separator plays a significant role, influencing resistance to current as well as capacity decay via unintended crossover. It is well-established that the ohmic overpotential is dominated by the membrane and interfacial resistance [...] Read more.
Among various components commonly used in redox flow batteries (RFBs), the separator plays a significant role, influencing resistance to current as well as capacity decay via unintended crossover. It is well-established that the ohmic overpotential is dominated by the membrane and interfacial resistance in most aqueous RFBs. The ultimate goal of engineering membranes is to improve the ionic conductivity while keeping crossover at a minimum. One of the major issues yet to be addressed is the contribution of interfacial phenomena in the influence of ionic and water transport through the membrane. In this work, we have utilized a novel experimental system capable of measuring the ionic crossover in real-time to quantify the permeability of ionic species. Specifically, we have focused on quantifying the contributions from the interfacial resistance to ionic crossover. The trade-off between the mass and ionic transport impedance caused by the interface of the membranes has been addressed. The MacMullin number has been quantified for a series of electrolyte configurations and a correlation between the ionic conductivity of the contacting electrolyte and the Nafion® membrane has been established. The performance of individual ion-exchange membranes along with a stack of various separators have been explored. We have found that utilizing a stack of membranes is significantly beneficial in reducing the electroactive species crossover in redox flow batteries compared to a single membrane of the same fold thickness. For example, we have demonstrated that the utilization of five layers of Nafion® 211 membrane reduces the crossover by 37% while only increasing the area-specific resistance (ASR) by 15% compared to a single layer Nafion® 115 membrane. Therefore, the influence of interfacial impedance in reducing the vanadium ion crossover is substantially higher compared to a corresponding increase in ASR, indicating that mass and ohmic interfacial resistances are dissimilar. We have expanded our analysis to a combination of commercially available ion-exchange membranes and provided a design chart for membrane selection based on the application of interest (short duration/high-performance vs. long-term durability). The results of this study provide a deeper insight into the optimization of all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Membranes in Battery and Membrane-Based Devices)
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11 pages, 2421 KiB  
Article
Steady State and Dynamic Response of Voltage-Operated Membrane Gates
by David Nicolas Østedgaard-Munck, Jacopo Catalano and Anders Bentien
Membranes 2019, 9(3), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes9030034 - 02 Mar 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2943
Abstract
An electrochemical flow cell with Nafion 212, aqueous LiI/I 2 redox solution, and carbon paper electrode was operated as an electro-osmotic gate based on the Electrokinetic Energy Conversion (EKEC) principle. The gate was operated in different modes. (i) In normal DC [...] Read more.
An electrochemical flow cell with Nafion 212, aqueous LiI/I 2 redox solution, and carbon paper electrode was operated as an electro-osmotic gate based on the Electrokinetic Energy Conversion (EKEC) principle. The gate was operated in different modes. (i) In normal DC pump operation it is shown to follow the predictions from the phenomenological transport equations. (ii) Furthermore, it was also demonstrated to operate as a normally open, voltage-gated valve for microfluidic purposes. For both pump and valve operations low energy requirements (mW range) were estimated for precise control of small flows ( μ L range). (iii) Finally, the dynamic response of the pump was investigated by using alternating currents at a range of different frequencies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Membranes in Battery and Membrane-Based Devices)
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