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Advances in Polyethylene Based Composites
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Advances in Polyethylene Based Composites

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Composites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2021) | Viewed by 13289

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Aleksey Maksimkin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
Interests: polymer nanocomposites; structure; actuators; artificial muscles; sensors; bionic motions; shape memory effect; implants; mechanical properties
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

PE is the most widely used polymer material with many unique properties. These properties are so various that they allow the creation of tribological materials, biocompatible implants, high performance fibers, and even artificial muscles from PE. Even though PE is one of the most studied polymer materials, the number of scientific articles about PE continues to grow every year due to the fact that PE has a simple chemical structure, but has many variations in the supramolecular structure that determine the wide range of final properties of PE-based materials.

Nowadays, the most relevant issues related to PE and PE matrix composites deal with developing new processing methods which allow the formation of a PE supramolecular structure with enhanced properties, effective introduction of fillers (especially nanofillers) in a PE matrix with a high melt index, creation of a strong chemical or physical interaction between a polymer matrix and fillers that are complicated because of the chemical inertness of PE. In recent years, the self-reinforcement composite has proved to be an effective way to improve the mechanical, tribological, and other performance properties of polymers. In self-reinforced composites, both the matrix and reinforcing phases are made of the same polymer that results in the ability to achieve good interfacial interaction and high recyclability as compared to traditional composites.

This Special Issue is devoted to the latest advances in PE-based composites and covers the following topics:

- PE with shape memory effect

- implants based on PE

- self-reinforced PE composites

- high performance fibers and films

- anti-friction materials based on PE

- crystallization and supramolecular structure of PE

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit full papers, communications, and reviews for the Special Issue "Advances in Polyethylene Based Composites."

Dr. Aleksey Maksimkin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Polyethylene
  • Self-Reinforced Composites
  • Implants
  • Fibers
  • Shape Memory Effect
  • Friction
  • Wear
  • Crystallization
  • Supramolecular Structure

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 10382 KiB  
Article
Water-Tree Resistant Characteristics of Crosslinker-Modified-SiO2/XLPE Nanocomposites
by Yong-Qi Zhang, Xuan Wang, Ping-Lan Yu and Wei-Feng Sun
Materials 2021, 14(6), 1398; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14061398 - 13 Mar 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1827
Abstract
Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) as a photoactive crosslinker is grafted onto hydrophobic nanosilica surface through click chemical reactions of mercapto double bonds to prepare the functionalized nanoparticles (TMPTA-s-SiO2), which are used to develop TMPTA-s-SiO2/XLPE nanocomposites with improvements in mechanical strength [...] Read more.
Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) as a photoactive crosslinker is grafted onto hydrophobic nanosilica surface through click chemical reactions of mercapto double bonds to prepare the functionalized nanoparticles (TMPTA-s-SiO2), which are used to develop TMPTA-s-SiO2/XLPE nanocomposites with improvements in mechanical strength and electrical resistance. The expedited aging experiments of water-tree growth are performed with a water-knife electrode and analyzed in consistence with the mechanical performances evaluated by means of dynamic thermo-mechanical analysis (DMA) and tensile stress–strain characteristics. Due to the dense cross-linking network of polyethylene molecular chains formed on the TMPTA-modified surfaces of SiO2 nanofillers, TMPTA-s-SiO2 nanofillers are chemically introduced into XLPE matrix to acquire higher crosslinking degree and connection strength in the amorphous regions between polyethylene lamellae, accounting for the higher water-tree resistance and ameliorated mechanical performances, compared with pure XLPE and neat-SiO2/XLPE nanocomposite. Hydrophilic TMPTA molecules grafted on the nano-SiO2 surface can inhibit the condensation of water molecules into water micro-beads at insulation defects, thus attenuating the damage of water micro-beads to polyethylene configurations under alternating electric fields and thus restricting water-tree growth in amorphous regions. The intensified interfaces between TMPTA-s-SiO2 nanofillers and XLPE matrix limit the segment motions of polyethylene molecular chains and resist the diffusion of water molecules in XLPE amorphous regions, which further contributes to the excellent water-tree resistance of TMPTA-s-SiO2/XLPE nanocomposites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Polyethylene Based Composites)
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20 pages, 7350 KiB  
Article
The Structural and Mechanical Properties of the UHMWPE Films Mixed with the PE-Wax
by Tarek Dayyoub, Leonid K. Olifirov, Dilyus I. Chukov, Sergey D. Kaloshkin, Evgeniy Kolesnikov and Saidkhodzha Nematulloev
Materials 2020, 13(15), 3422; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13153422 - 03 Aug 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3816
Abstract
Since obtaining a highly oriented structure based on a large-scale commercial ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is considered very difficult due to its high molecular weight and melting index, modifying the structure of these cheap commercial UHMWPE brands into a supra-molecular structure with [...] Read more.
Since obtaining a highly oriented structure based on a large-scale commercial ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is considered very difficult due to its high molecular weight and melting index, modifying the structure of these cheap commercial UHMWPE brands into a supra-molecular structure with fiber-forming properties by adding a small amount of polyethylene wax (PE-wax) will provide the possibility to obtain highly oriented UHMWPE products with enhanced mechanical and tribological properties. In this work, highly oriented UHMWPE/PE-wax films were prepared. The PE-wax affected the UHMWPE as an intermolecular lubricant. The obtained lamellar structure of the UHMWPE/PE-wax composites had a better processability. The UHMWPE and UHMWPE/PE-wax structures for the xerogels and the films were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The PE-wax presence enhanced the mechanical properties of the UHMWPE/PE-wax films to a high degree. The highest average value of the tensile strength was 1320 MPa (an increase of 78%) obtained by adding a PE-wax content of 1.0 wt.%, and the highest average value of the Young’s modulus was 56.8 GPa (an increase of 71%) obtained by adding a PE-wax content of 2.0 wt.%. The addition of the PE-wax increased the work of fracture values of the UHMWPE/PE-wax films up to 233%. The formation of the cavities was observed in the virgin UHMWPE films more than in the UHMWPE/PE-wax films, and the whitening of the oriented films was related to the crystallization process more than to the cavitation phenomenon. The coefficient of friction of the oriented UHMWPE/PE-wax films improved by 33% in comparison with the isotropic UHMWPE, and by 7% in comparison with the oriented virgin UHMWPE films. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Polyethylene Based Composites)
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10 pages, 2302 KiB  
Article
Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene/Titanium-Hybrid Implant for Bone-Defect Replacement
by Aleksey V. Maksimkin, Fedor S. Senatov, Kirill Niaza, Tarek Dayyoub and Sergey D. Kaloshkin
Materials 2020, 13(13), 3010; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13133010 - 06 Jul 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3375
Abstract
A hybrid implant with a structure mimicking that of natural bone was developed. Titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V prepared with three-dimensional (3D)-printing technology was used to simulate the cortical-bone layer. The mismatch in the mechanical properties of bone and titanium alloy was solved by creating [...] Read more.
A hybrid implant with a structure mimicking that of natural bone was developed. Titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V prepared with three-dimensional (3D)-printing technology was used to simulate the cortical-bone layer. The mismatch in the mechanical properties of bone and titanium alloy was solved by creating special perforations in the titanium’s surface. Porous ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with high osteogenous properties was used to simulate the cancellous-bone tissue. A method for creating a porous UHMWPE structure inside the titanium reinforcement is proposed. The porous UHMWPE was studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM) to confirm that the pores that formed were open, interconnected, and between 50 and 850 μm in size. Mechanical-compression tests done on the obtained UHMWPE/titanium-hybrid-implant samples showed that their mechanical properties simulated those of natural bone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Polyethylene Based Composites)
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11 pages, 2954 KiB  
Article
Hybrid Self-Reinforced Composite Materials Based on Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene
by Dmitry Zherebtsov, Dilyus Chukov, Eugene Statnik and Valerii Torokhov
Materials 2020, 13(7), 1739; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071739 - 08 Apr 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3755
Abstract
The properties of hybrid self-reinforced composite (SRC) materials based on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) were studied. The hybrid materials consist of two parts: an isotropic UHMWPE layer and unidirectional SRC based on UHMWPE fibers. Hot compaction as an approach to obtaining composites [...] Read more.
The properties of hybrid self-reinforced composite (SRC) materials based on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) were studied. The hybrid materials consist of two parts: an isotropic UHMWPE layer and unidirectional SRC based on UHMWPE fibers. Hot compaction as an approach to obtaining composites allowed melting only the surface of each UHMWPE fiber. Thus, after cooling, the molten UHMWPE formed an SRC matrix and bound an isotropic UHMWPE layer and the SRC. The single-lap shear test, flexural test, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were carried out to determine the influence of hot compaction parameters on the properties of the SRC and the adhesion between the layers. The shear strength increased with increasing hot compaction temperature while the preserved fibers’ volume decreased, which was proved by the DSC analysis and a reduction in the flexural modulus of the SRC. The increase in hot compaction pressure resulted in a decrease in shear strength caused by lower remelting of the fibers’ surface. It was shown that the hot compaction approach allows combining UHMWPE products with different molecular, supramolecular, and structural features. Moreover, the adhesion and mechanical properties of the composites can be varied by the parameters of hot compaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Polyethylene Based Composites)
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