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MATERIAIS 2019, XIX Congresso da Sociedade Portuguesa de Materiais and X International Symposium on Materials

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2019) | Viewed by 19906

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Prof. Dr. Luis Pereira

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AlmaScience CoLab, Campus da Caparica, 2829‐516 Caparica, Portugal
Interests: cellulosic materials for electronics and photonics; oxide nanostructures; fiber-based functional materials and devices; electrical and electrochemical devices
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will publish papers of authors making oral/poster presentations at the Materiais 2019, XIX Congresso da Sociedade Portuguesa de Materiais and X International Symposium on Materials, held in Lisbon, Portugal 14-17 April 2019.

MATERIAIS 2019, will explore the latest scientific and technical developments in Material Science and Engineering, and related areas, bridging different knowledge domains under the scope of the main thematic “Materials for a Better Life”. The International Symposium will cover all materials areas, namely Functional Materials, Structural Materials and Materials Processing, Characterization and Modelling. Submission related with these topics can be considered for this Special Issue.

Dr. Luis Pereira
Guest Editor

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Functional materials (energy, electronics, photonics, magnetic, and biomaterials)
Structural materials (ceramics, polymers, metals and alloys, and composites)
Materials processing, characterization, and modelling

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 2299 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Chlorapatite Derived from Fish Scales

by Luyara de Almeida Cavalcante, Laís Sibaldo Ribeiro, Mitsuo Lopes Takeno, Pedro Tupa Pandava Aum, Yanne Katiussy Pereira Gurgel Aum and Jean Carlos Silva Andrade

Materials 2020, 13(5), 1129; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13051129 - 03 Mar 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3232

Abstract

The present work demonstrates the production of chlorapatite (ClAp) through thermal decomposition of chemically treated fish scales, originating from an Amazon fish species (Arapaima gigas). The scales were treated with hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution for deproteinization. Afterwards, the solution was neutralized by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment to obtain an apatite-rich slurry. The heat treatment was carried out at different temperatures including 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C. The powders obtained were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD analysis and FTIR spectra confirmed the incorporation of chlorine into the apatite structure. The FTIR results showed absorption bands relative to the OH^–, PO₄³⁻ functional groups which are a characteristic of chlorapatite. Moreover, the intensity of the OH–Cl elongation could be observed. Chlorapatite Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl, NaCl, and NaCaPO₄ phases were identified, achieving up to 87.4 wt% for ClAp. The SEM observations show that with increasing temperature, the ClAp obtained consists of slightly larger, more crystalline grains. Furthermore, the grains ranged in size, between 1-5 μm and ClAp1000 sample recorded crystallinity of 84.27%. ClAp and NaCaPO₄ can be used in electronics as phosphor materials due to their luminescence and biomedical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MATERIAIS 2019, XIX Congresso da Sociedade Portuguesa de Materiais and X International Symposium on Materials)

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14 pages, 6549 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Thermal Residual Stresses on Mechanical Properties of Silicon Nitride-Based Composites

by Aleksandra Dubiel, Grzegorz Grabowski, Marcin Goły and Stanisław Skrzypek

Materials 2020, 13(5), 1092; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13051092 - 01 Mar 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2387

Abstract

In this work, two kinds of silicon nitride-based composites, namely, those with titanium nitride or silicon carbide additives, were sintered using the hot pressing technique (HP). The phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical and elastic properties of the materials were characterized. Three-dimensional geometric models of the composites were created on the basis of microstructure parameters. Using these models, bulk residual thermal stresses were calculated by the finite element method (FEM). Surface stresses were determined using the XRD method of sin²ψ. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MATERIAIS 2019, XIX Congresso da Sociedade Portuguesa de Materiais and X International Symposium on Materials)

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14 pages, 9474 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Microstructural Characterization of TiC–White Cast-Iron Composites Fabricated by In Situ Technique

by Aida B. Moreira, Ricardo O. Sousa, Pedro Lacerda, Laura M. M. Ribeiro, Ana M. P. Pinto and Manuel F. Vieira

Materials 2020, 13(1), 209; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010209 - 03 Jan 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2796

Abstract

High-chromium white cast-iron specimens locally reinforced with TiC–metal matrix composites were successfully produced via an in situ technique based on combustion synthesis. Powder mixtures of Ti, Al, and graphite were prepared and compressed to fabricate green powder compacts that were inserted into the mold cavity before the casting. The heat of the molten iron causes the ignition of the combustion reaction of the reactant powders, resulting in the formation of the TiC by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. The microstructure of the resultant composites and the bonding interfaces was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The microstructural results showed a good adhesion of the composite, suggesting an effective infiltration of the metal into the inserted compact, yet a non-homogeneous distribution of the TiC in the martensite matrix was observed. Based on the results, the in situ synthesis appears to be a great potential technique for industrial applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MATERIAIS 2019, XIX Congresso da Sociedade Portuguesa de Materiais and X International Symposium on Materials)

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15 pages, 3620 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Different Aggregates on the Mechanical Damage Suffered by Geotextiles

by David Miranda Carlos, José Ricardo Carneiro and Maria de Lurdes Lopes

Materials 2019, 12(24), 4229; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12244229 - 17 Dec 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2261

Abstract

The installation process of geosynthetics can be, in some applications, one of the most relevant degradation mechanisms of these construction materials, affecting their performance and useful lifetime. In this work, three nonwoven geotextiles with different masses per unit area were submitted to mechanical damage under repeated loading tests with corundum and with different natural aggregates. The damage occurred in the geotextiles was evaluated by visual inspection and by monitoring changes in their short-term tensile and puncture behaviors (mechanical properties) and in their water permeability behavior normal to the plane (hydraulic property). The mechanical damage under repeated loading tests provoked relevant changes in the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the geotextiles. These changes depended on the mass per unit area of the geotextiles and on the characteristics of the aggregates. The results enabled the establishment of a correlation between the loss of mechanical strength and the variation of the water permeability normal to the plane of the geotextiles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MATERIAIS 2019, XIX Congresso da Sociedade Portuguesa de Materiais and X International Symposium on Materials)

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15 pages, 6114 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Resistance of Geosynthetics against the Isolated and Combined Effect of Mechanical Damage under Repeated Loading and Abrasion

by Filipe Almeida, David Miranda Carlos, José Ricardo Carneiro and Maria de Lurdes Lopes

Materials 2019, 12(21), 3558; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12213558 - 30 Oct 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2702

Abstract

The behaviour of materials used for developing engineering structures should be properly foreseen during the design phase. Regarding geosynthetics, which are construction materials used in a wide range of engineering structures, the installation on site and the action of many degradation agents during service life may promote changes in their properties, endangering the structures in which they are applied. The evaluation of the damage suffered by geosynthetics, like installation damage or abrasion, is often carried out through laboratory tests. This work studied the behaviour of five geosynthetics (three geotextiles and two geogrids) after being individually and successively exposed to two degradation tests: mechanical damage under repeated loading and abrasion. The short-term mechanical and hydraulic behaviours of the geosynthetics were analysed by performing tensile tests and water permeability normal to the plane tests. Reduction factors were determined based on the changes occurred in the tensile strength of the geosynthetics. Findings showed that mechanical damage under repeated loading and abrasion tended to affect the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the geosynthetics and that the reduction factors calculated according to the traditional method may not be able to represent accurately the damage suffered by the materials when exposed successively to the degradation mechanisms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MATERIAIS 2019, XIX Congresso da Sociedade Portuguesa de Materiais and X International Symposium on Materials)

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13 pages, 3372 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Pseudowollastonite on the Performance of Low Calcium Amorphous Hydraulic Binders

by Daniela Santos, Rodrigo Lino Santos, João Pereira, Ricardo Bayão Horta, Rogério Colaço and Patrizia Paradiso

Materials 2019, 12(20), 3457; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12203457 - 22 Oct 2019

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2629

Abstract

A systematic investigation of the influence of pseudowollastonite on the performance of a new family of low calcium hydraulic binders is described. Samples of the new low calcium binder were produced by an innovative process consisting of heating and homogenizing the mix of raw materials (limestone, sand, and fuel cracking catalyst) at a constant temperature followed by the rapid cooling of the mixture itself. Different maximum temperatures, close to the melting temperature of the mix, were tested, and materials with CaO/SiO₂ (C/S) ratios of 0.9, 1.1, and 1.25 were produced into the form of the amorphous phase with small percentages of pseudowollastonite. Compressive strength results were determined at 7, 28, and 90 days of hydration, and the hydrated phases were analyzed using isothermal calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The present work is focused on the influence of the percentage of the pseudowollastonite phase on the binder compressive strength performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MATERIAIS 2019, XIX Congresso da Sociedade Portuguesa de Materiais and X International Symposium on Materials)

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17 pages, 3166 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tribomechanical Comparison between PVA Hydrogels Obtained Using Different Processing Conditions and Human Cartilage

by Andreia Sofia Oliveira, Oumar Seidi, Nuno Ribeiro, Rogério Colaço and Ana Paula Serro

Materials 2019, 12(20), 3413; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12203413 - 18 Oct 2019

Cited by 40 | Viewed by 3314

Abstract

Designing materials for cartilage replacement raises several challenges due to the complexity of the natural tissue and its unique tribomechanical properties. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels have been explored for such purpose since they are biocompatible, present high chemical stability, and their properties may be tailored through different strategies. In this work, the influence of preparation conditions of PVA hydrogels on its morphology, water absorption capacity, thermotropic behavior, mechanical properties, and tribological performance was evaluated and compared with those of human cartilage (HC). The hydrogels were obtained by cast-drying (CD) and freeze-thawing (FT), in various conditions. It was found that the method of preparation of the PVA hydrogels critically affects their microstructure and performance. CD gels presented a denser structure, absorbed less water, were stiffer, dissipated less energy, and withstood higher loads than FT gels. Moreover, they led to friction coefficients against stainless steel comparable with those of HC. Overall, CD hydrogels had a closer performance to natural HC, when compared to FT ones. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MATERIAIS 2019, XIX Congresso da Sociedade Portuguesa de Materiais and X International Symposium on Materials)

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