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Multifunctional Textile Materials
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Multifunctional Textile Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Smart Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2021) | Viewed by 15254

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Barbara Simončič

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 12 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: textile chemistry; surface and bulk modification of textile substrates; multifunctionality; biomimicry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite you to submit your work to this Special Issue on “Multifunctional Textile Materials”.

Multifunctional textile substrates represent one of the most prominent textile-based advanced materials due to their unique functional properties, offering considerable potential for the production of high-performance protective, medical, and healthcare textiles and sensors, as well as technical textiles for transportation, civil engineering, and agriculture. In this respect, functionalities including superhydrophobicity, flame-retardancy, thermal stability, ultraviolet protection, antimicrobial activity, self-cleaning, anti-fouling, self-healing, moisture management, thermoregulation, electrical conductivity, chemical protection, and abrasion resistance are crucial. This Special Issue of Materials aims to highlight the most recent scientific and technological advances in the materials used for textile functionalization, mechanisms of their action, synergistic effects, application procedures, and characteristics of modified textile substrates. Both original research and critical review articles on the recent progress in multifunctional textile materials are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Barbara Simončič
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • textile multifunctionality
  • textile surface and bulk modification
  • protective textiles
  • textiles with improved performance
  • medical and healthcare textiles
  • sensors
  • fiber-reinforced composite materials

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 4575 KiB  
Article
Design and Development of an E-Textile Mat for Assuring the Comfort of Bedridden Persons
by Daniela Sofronova, Radostina A. Angelova and Yavor Sofronov
Materials 2021, 14(18), 5437; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185437 - 20 Sep 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1754
Abstract
An e-textile mat with capacitive textile sensors was designed and manufactured to monitor body position and prevent decubitus ulcers in the case of bedridden people. The sensors were incorporated through a process of machine embroidery with electrically conductive threads. A new production method [...] Read more.
An e-textile mat with capacitive textile sensors was designed and manufactured to monitor body position and prevent decubitus ulcers in the case of bedridden people. The sensors were incorporated through a process of machine embroidery with electrically conductive threads. A new production method for the conductive threads is still expected to be developed, resulting in good conductive properties, high wear resistance and durability. Samples of five variants of motifs without cross-stitching were studied, and the capacity and electrical resistance were determined experimentally. A prototype of the e-textile mat was made with a motif showing the best ratio between the inserted thread and the measured capacity. A hardware solution and a software application for collecting, processing and visualising the received information were developed. Tests were performed in real conditions, which clearly showed that the designed e-textile mat could be successfully applied for non-invasive and continuous control of the position of the human body in a supine position to prevent decubitus ulcers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multifunctional Textile Materials)
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12 pages, 3648 KiB  
Article
Flexible Theoretical Calculation of Loop Length and Area Density of Weft-Knitted Structures: Part II
by Edgaras Arbataitis, Daiva Mikucioniene, Tetiana Ielina and Liudmyla Halavska
Materials 2021, 14(17), 4988; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14174988 - 31 Aug 2021
Viewed by 2197
Abstract
A simple and flexible method for theoretical calculation of the main structural parameters of various weft-knitted fancy and combined patterns is presented in this article. It is especially important for patterns containing different elements, such as loops, floats of different lengths, tucks, and [...] Read more.
A simple and flexible method for theoretical calculation of the main structural parameters of various weft-knitted fancy and combined patterns is presented in this article. It is especially important for patterns containing different elements, such as loops, floats of different lengths, tucks, and tuck stitches. Measurement of an actual average length of the loop in these fabrics is complicated because it is necessary to disassemble precisely one pattern repeat to measure the yarn length and divide it by the number of elements in this pattern repeat. For large and complex pattern repeats, this is difficult and usually gives a high number of errors. It is very important to have lengths of structural elements as it helps to predict the main physical properties of knitted fabrics and their mechanical behaviour, which is especially important for protective textiles. The main idea of the proposed method, based on Čiukas geometrical model, is to calculate lengths of various structural elements or even their parts separately, taking into account the number of needle bars and their formation principle, which gives great flexibility to such modelling. The proposed theoretical formulas can be used for various patterned weft-knitted structures containing not only loops but tucks, floats of different lengths, or additional yarns; they give very few errors in empirical calculations and are easy to use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multifunctional Textile Materials)
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9 pages, 1128 KiB  
Article
Flexible Theoretical Calculation of Loop Length and Area Density of Weft-Knitted Structures: Part I
by Edgaras Arbataitis, Daiva Mikucioniene and Liudmyla Halavska
Materials 2021, 14(11), 3059; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14113059 - 03 Jun 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2075
Abstract
This work presents a simple and flexible method for theoretical calculation of the main structural parameter of weft-knitted fabrics’—the loop length and one of the main characteristics of textile fabrics—area density, which combines physical and economical aspects. It helps to predict many physical [...] Read more.
This work presents a simple and flexible method for theoretical calculation of the main structural parameter of weft-knitted fabrics’—the loop length and one of the main characteristics of textile fabrics—area density, which combines physical and economical aspects. It helps to predict many physical properties and the mechanical behaviour, which is especially important for protective textiles, and allows predicting potential yarn consumption for knitting of one square meter of the fabric. The main idea of the proposed method, based on Čiukas geometrical model, is to calculate different parts of the knitted loop separately, which gives a great flexibility of such modelling. The proposed theoretical formulas can be used for various weft-knitted structures, give very low errors to empirical calculations, and are easy to use. It is a big advantage because known geometric models only allow a loop length of some particular pattern to be calculated, usually of single jersey or rib 1 × 1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multifunctional Textile Materials)
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16 pages, 4723 KiB  
Article
Thermal Load of Mine Rescuer in the Underwear and Protective Clothing with Phase Change Materials in Simulated Utility Conditions
by Grażyna Bartkowiak, Anna Marszałek and Anna Dąbrowska
Materials 2020, 13(19), 4320; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13194320 - 28 Sep 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2146
Abstract
A new set of underwear and protective clothing with phase change materials (PCM) for mine rescuers has been developed in order to increase their safety of work. It includes PCM pouches absorbing excess heat from the body. In order to evaluate thermal load [...] Read more.
A new set of underwear and protective clothing with phase change materials (PCM) for mine rescuers has been developed in order to increase their safety of work. It includes PCM pouches absorbing excess heat from the body. In order to evaluate thermal load of mine rescuers, physiological tests were carried out for three variants of possible use of the developed set of clothing: for mine rescuers wearing only the underwear with PCM; for a set of underwear and protective clothing; and for a complete set of clothing with closed-circuit compressed oxygen breathing apparatus. Tests were performed in difficult microclimate conditions, reflecting the typical working conditions of rescuers that cause a significant thermal load. The use of outer clothing shortened safe time of exposure to such conditions by about 36%, while the addition of respiratory protective device to this set further shortened this time to a lesser extent (by another 13%). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multifunctional Textile Materials)
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26 pages, 3565 KiB  
Article
Cotton Terry Textiles with Photo- and Bio-Activity in a Model Study and Real Conditions
by Beata Gutarowska, Justyna Szulc, Edyta Matyjas-Zgondek, Piotr Kulpiński, Katarzyna Pielech-Przybylska, Anna Rygała, Anita Jachowicz and Eugeniusz Rutkowski
Materials 2020, 13(15), 3334; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13153334 - 27 Jul 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2965
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the photocatalytic (decompose staining particles, K/S values, the color differences, CIE L*a*b* color) and antimicrobial properties of textiles modified with TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) confirmed by X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, SEM-EDX) in [...] Read more.
The aim of the study was to assess the photocatalytic (decompose staining particles, K/S values, the color differences, CIE L*a*b* color) and antimicrobial properties of textiles modified with TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) confirmed by X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, SEM-EDX) in visible light conditions. The antimicrobial effectiveness of modified textiles under model conditions has been reported against 5 microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger (AATCC Test Method 100-2004). In real conditions in bathrooms, significant biostatic activity was shown on the surface of the modified towels. The number of microorganisms decreased by 1–5 log to the level of 0–5 CFU/cm2 in the case of bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, the coli group and E. coli, Pseudomonas. Statistically significant reduction of the total number of bacteria and fungi (by 1 log), and the concentration of gases (NO2, CO2, CO) in the air of bathrooms was determined. The removal or reduction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentration (SPME-GC-MS analysis) in the air above the modified towels has also been determined. It was found that the lighting type (natural, artificial), time (1.5 and 7 h/day), air humidity (RH = 36–67%) and light intensity (81–167 lux) are important for the efficiency of photocatalysis. Textile materials modified with TiO2 and ZnO NPs can be used as self-cleaning towels. They can also help purify air from microorganisms, VOCs and undesirable gases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multifunctional Textile Materials)
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14 pages, 2374 KiB  
Article
Development and Evaluation of Fall Impact Protection Pads Using Additive Manufacturing
by Jung Hyun Park, Hee-Kyeong Jung and Jeong Ran Lee
Materials 2019, 12(20), 3440; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12203440 - 21 Oct 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3105
Abstract
This paper presents the development and evaluation of fall-impact protection pants for elderly women using additive manufacturing. The protective pants were designed incorporating a protective pad in the hip area to reduce the impact of falls on the human body. The protective pad [...] Read more.
This paper presents the development and evaluation of fall-impact protection pants for elderly women using additive manufacturing. The protective pants were designed incorporating a protective pad in the hip area to reduce the impact of falls on the human body. The protective pad is a 3D mesh structure with a curved surface to fit the human body. Pads printed with flexible thermoplastic polyurethane were combined with foam to create the final pad. The impact-absorbing performance of the pad was verified through physical impact experiments. When dropping a bowling ball onto the protective pad from heights of 15, 20, and 25 cm, the protective pad was found to reduce the impact force by more than 82% in all cases. The impact force was less than the average fracture threshold of 3472 N. A subject group and an expert group evaluated the appearance, pad characteristics, motion functionality, and the wearability of the protection pants. Despite the insertion of a pad, the pants appeared natural and had a good fit. The pads were evaluated as being well-designed in terms of their position, shape, area, thickness, weight, flexibility, ease of insertion, and ease of use. Users were comfortable performing various motions when wearing the designed protective clothing. Therefore, this work can be considered to have developed protective clothing that provides satisfactory impact-protection performance and comfort thereby advancing the possibility of applying additive manufacturing to the creation of functional garments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multifunctional Textile Materials)
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