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Electrode Materials for Energy Storage Applications
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Electrode Materials for Energy Storage Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2020) | Viewed by 14279

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Andrzej Nowak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
Interests: materials for energy storage and conversion; lithium-ion battery; supercapacitor; anode material; electrochemistry; material science

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rapid growth of the global population is seen as an increase in global energy consumption. It forces the human race to produce systems that are designed for energy storage and energy conversion on a larger scale. The utilization of fossil fuels has led to changes in the Earth’s climate by increased emission of greenhouse gases. Thus, new energy sources are expected to meet the requirements of being renewable and emission-free. Nevertheless, the electric energy produced from different energy sources must be stored by the energy storage devices.  The most common appliances that can store energy are supercapacitors and batteries. Supercapacitors may store electrical energy of high power density, but low energy density without any conversion reactions. Contrary to supercapacitors, batteries are able to deliver the energy of high energy density, but of low power density. Regarding the storage mechanism, the electrochemical performance of such systems is mainly determined by the utilization of different types of electrode materials, i.e., carbon-based compounds, conducting polymers and transition metal oxides separately or in a form of composites.

This Special Issue of Materials is focused on novel electrode materials for energy storage applications. Authors are welcome to submit original research data including chemical synthesis, preparation, electrochemical and solid-state physics technique characterization of electrode materials. Full papers, communications, and reviews covering these subjects are all warmly welcome.

Prof. Dr. Andrzej Nowak
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrode material
  • cathode
  • anode
  • rechargeable battery
  • supercapacitor
  • photovoltaics
  • wind power
  • recycling and sustainability
  • energy production
  • energy conversion and storage

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 828 KiB  
Article
Tin Oxide Encapsulated into Pyrolyzed Chitosan as a Negative Electrode for Lithium Ion Batteries
by Andrzej P. Nowak, Maria Gazda, Marcin Łapiński, Zuzanna Zarach, Konrad Trzciński, Mariusz Szkoda, Szymon Mania, Jinjin Li and Robert Tylingo
Materials 2021, 14(5), 1156; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14051156 - 01 Mar 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1952
Abstract
Tin oxide is one of the most promising electrode materials as a negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries due to its higher theoretical specific capacity than graphite. However, it suffers lack of stability due to volume changes and low electrical conductivity while cycling. To [...] Read more.
Tin oxide is one of the most promising electrode materials as a negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries due to its higher theoretical specific capacity than graphite. However, it suffers lack of stability due to volume changes and low electrical conductivity while cycling. To overcome these issues, a new composite consisting of SnO2 and carbonaceous matrix was fabricated. Naturally abundant and renewable chitosan was chosen as a carbon source. The electrode material exhibiting 467 mAh g−1 at the current density of 18 mA g−1 and a capacity fade of only 2% after 70 cycles is a potential candidate for graphite replacement. Such good electrochemical performance is due to strong interaction between amine groups from chitosan and surface hydroxyl groups of SnO2 at the preparation stage. However, the charge storage is mainly contributed by a diffusion-controlled process showing that the best results might be obtained for low current rates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials for Energy Storage Applications)
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16 pages, 19263 KiB  
Article
An Aqueous Exfoliation of WO3 as a Route for Counterions Fabrication—Improved Photocatalytic and Capacitive Properties of Polyaniline/WO3Composite
by Mariusz Szkoda, Zuzanna Zarach, Konrad Trzciński and Andrzej P. Nowak
Materials 2020, 13(24), 5781; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13245781 - 17 Dec 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2458
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate a novel, electrochemical route of polyaniline/tungsten oxide (PANI)/WO3) film preparation. Polyaniline composite film was electrodeposited on the FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) substrate from the aqueous electrolyte that contained aniline (monomer) and exfoliated WO3 as a [...] Read more.
In this paper, we demonstrate a novel, electrochemical route of polyaniline/tungsten oxide (PANI)/WO3) film preparation. Polyaniline composite film was electrodeposited on the FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) substrate from the aqueous electrolyte that contained aniline (monomer) and exfoliated WO3 as a source of counter ions. The chemical nature of WO3 incorporated in the polyaniline matrix was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) showed the impact of WO3 presence on the morphology of polyaniline film. PANI/WO3 film was tested as an electrode material in an acidic electrolyte. Performed measurements showed the electroactivity of both components and enhanced electrochemical stability of PANI/WO3 in comparison with PANI/Cl. Thus, PANI/WO3 electrodes were utilized to construct the symmetric supercapacitors. The impact of capacitive and diffusion-controlled processes on the mechanism of electrical energy storage was quantitatively determined. Devices exhibited high electrochemical capacity of 135 mF cm−2 (180 F g−1) and satisfactory retention rate of 70% after 10,000 cycles. The electrochemical energy storage device exhibited 1075.6 W kg−1 of power density and 12.25 Wh kg−1 of energy density. We also investigated the photocatalytic performance of the deposited film. Photodegradation efficiencies of methylene blue and methyl orange using PANI/WO3 and PANI/Cl were compared. The mechanism of dye degradation using WO3-containing films was investigated in the presence of scavengers. Significantly higher efficiency of photodecomposition of dyes was achieved for composite films (84% and 86%) in comparison with PANI/Cl (32% and 39%) for methylene blue and methyl orange, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials for Energy Storage Applications)
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17 pages, 4775 KiB  
Article
Chestnut-Derived Activated Carbon as a Prospective Material for Energy Storage
by Katarzyna Januszewicz, Anita Cymann-Sachajdak, Paweł Kazimierski, Marek Klein, Justyna Łuczak and Monika Wilamowska-Zawłocka
Materials 2020, 13(20), 4658; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13204658 - 19 Oct 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3194
Abstract
In this work, we present the preparation and characterization of biomass-derived activated carbon (AC) in view of its application as electrode material for electrochemical capacitors. Porous carbons are prepared by pyrolysis of chestnut seeds and subsequent activation of the obtained biochar. We investigate [...] Read more.
In this work, we present the preparation and characterization of biomass-derived activated carbon (AC) in view of its application as electrode material for electrochemical capacitors. Porous carbons are prepared by pyrolysis of chestnut seeds and subsequent activation of the obtained biochar. We investigate here two activation methods, namely, physical by CO2 and chemical using KOH. Morphology, structure and specific surface area (SSA) of synthesized activated carbons are investigated by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical studies show a clear dependence between the activation method (influencing porosity and SSA of AC) and electric capacitance values as well as rate capability of investigated electrodes. It is shown that well-developed porosity and high surface area, achieved by the chemical activation process, result in outstanding electrochemical performance of the chestnut-derived porous carbons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials for Energy Storage Applications)
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17 pages, 5935 KiB  
Article
Silicon Oxycarbide-Graphite Electrodes for High-Power Energy Storage Devices
by Dominik Knozowski, Magdalena Graczyk-Zajac, Grzegorz Trykowski and Monika Wilamowska-Zawłocka
Materials 2020, 13(19), 4302; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13194302 - 26 Sep 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3062
Abstract
Herein we present a study on polymer-derived silicon oxycarbide (SiOC)/graphite composites for a potential application as an electrode in high power energy storage devices, such as Lithium-Ion Capacitor (LIC). The composites were processed using high power ultrasound-assisted sol-gel synthesis followed by pyrolysis. The [...] Read more.
Herein we present a study on polymer-derived silicon oxycarbide (SiOC)/graphite composites for a potential application as an electrode in high power energy storage devices, such as Lithium-Ion Capacitor (LIC). The composites were processed using high power ultrasound-assisted sol-gel synthesis followed by pyrolysis. The intensive sonication enhances gelation and drying process, improving the homogenous distribution of the graphitic flakes in the preceramic blends. The physicochemical investigation of SiOC/graphite composites using X-ray diffraction, 29Si solid state NMR and Raman spectroscopy indicated no reaction occurring between the components. The electrochemical measurements revealed enhanced capacity (by up to 63%) at high current rates (1.86 A g−1) recorded for SiOC/graphite composite compared to the pure components. Moreover, the addition of graphite to the SiOC matrix decreased the value of delithiation potential, which is a desirable feature for anodes in LIC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials for Energy Storage Applications)
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17 pages, 6204 KiB  
Article
Capacitance Enhancement by Incorporation of Functionalised Carbon Nanotubes into Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)/Graphene Oxide Composites
by Anita Cymann, Mirosław Sawczak, Jacek Ryl, Ewa Klugmann-Radziemska and Monika Wilamowska-Zawłocka
Materials 2020, 13(10), 2419; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13102419 - 25 May 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2555
Abstract
This paper reports on the role of oxidised carbon nanotubes (oxMWCNTs) present in poly-3,4-ethylenedioxytiophene (PEDOT)/graphene oxide (GOx) composite. The final ternary composites (pEDOT/GOx/oxMWCNTs) are synthesised by an electrodeposition process from the suspension-containing monomer, oxidised carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide. Dissociated functional groups on [...] Read more.
This paper reports on the role of oxidised carbon nanotubes (oxMWCNTs) present in poly-3,4-ethylenedioxytiophene (PEDOT)/graphene oxide (GOx) composite. The final ternary composites (pEDOT/GOx/oxMWCNTs) are synthesised by an electrodeposition process from the suspension-containing monomer, oxidised carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide. Dissociated functional groups on the surface of graphene oxide play a role of counter-ions for the polymer chains. Detailed physicochemical and electrochemical characterisation of the ternary composites is presented in the paper. The results prove that the presence of oxMWCNTs in the ternary composites doubles the capacitance values compared to the binary ones (450 vs. 270 F cm−3 for PEDOT/GOx/oxMWCNTs and PEDOT/GOx, respectively). The amount of carbon nanotubes in the synthesis solution is crucial for physicochemical properties of the composites, their adhesion to the electrode substrate and the electrochemical performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials for Energy Storage Applications)
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