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17 pages, 2411 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Using the Effect of Compression Stress in Fatigue Analysis of the Roller Bearing for Bimodal Stress Histories

by Paweł J. Romanowicz, Dariusz Smolarski and Marek S. Kozień

Materials 2022, 15(1), 196; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15010196 - 28 Dec 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1663

Abstract

A new approach based on the direct spectral method for fatigue analysis of elements subjected to bimodal stress histories, including high compression effects, is proposed. A correction factor, taking into account the influence of the mean compressive stresses, is used in the proposed [...] Read more.

A new approach based on the direct spectral method for fatigue analysis of elements subjected to bimodal stress histories, including high compression effects, is proposed. A correction factor, taking into account the influence of the mean compressive stresses, is used in the proposed method. Equivalent amplitude is estimated, based on criteria proposed by Smith, Watson, and Tooper, and by Bergmann and Seeger. The method is presented with example of a thrust roller bearing. Two cases in which the rollers were subjected to constant force 206 N (where constant amplitude stresses occurred in the rollers) and cyclic force (where bimodal stresses with variable amplitudes occurred in the rollers) are studied. It is observed that multiaxial fatigue criteria (Crossland, Papadopoulos) do not include the influence of bimodal stresses and should not be used for such loading conditions. The proposed method includes both kinds of stress waveforms in the fatigue analysis and can be applied for the accurate identification of stress components and the determination of fatigue life. The damage rate calculated by the proposed approach for rollers subjected to a cyclic force (equivalent load equal to 151 N) was 0.86, which is in good agreement with the recommendations provided in the literature. The obtained accuracy of the proposed method is above 95%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study on Cyclic Mechanical Behaviors of Materials)

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12 pages, 5215 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Effect of Deposited Graphene Oxide on the Fatigue Life of Austenitic Steel 1.4541 in Different Temperature Ranges

by Barbara Nasiłowska, Zdzisław Bogdanowicz, Paweł Bogusz, Aneta Bombalska and Zygmunt Mierczyk

Materials 2022, 15(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15010065 - 22 Dec 2021

Viewed by 2044

Abstract

This paper presents the effect of deposited graphene oxide coating on fatigue life of austenitic steel 1.4541 at 20 °C, 100 °C, and 200 °C. The study showed a decrease in the fatigue life of samples with a deposited graphene oxide layer in [...] Read more.

This paper presents the effect of deposited graphene oxide coating on fatigue life of austenitic steel 1.4541 at 20 °C, 100 °C, and 200 °C. The study showed a decrease in the fatigue life of samples with a deposited graphene oxide layer in comparison with reference samples at 20 °C and 100 °C. However, an increase in fatigue life of samples with a deposited graphene oxide layer in comparison with reference samples occurred at 200 °C. This relationship was observed for the nominal stress amplitude of 370 and 420 MPa. Measurements of temperature during the tensile failure of the sample and microfractographic analysis of fatigue fractures were performed. Tests have shown that graphene oxide deposited on the steel surface provides an insulating layer. A higher temperature of the samples with a deposited graphene oxide layer was observed during fracture compared to the reference samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study on Cyclic Mechanical Behaviors of Materials)

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13 pages, 9008 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Temperature on Low-Cycle Fatigue Characteristics of the HR6W Alloy

by Grzegorz Junak, Anżelina Marek and Michał Paduchowicz

Materials 2021, 14(22), 6741; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226741 - 9 Nov 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1297

Abstract

This paper presents the results of tests conducted on the HR6W (23Cr-45Ni-6W-Nb-Ti-B) alloy under low-cycle fatigue at room temperature and at 650 °C. Fatigue tests were carried out at constant values of the total strain ranges. The alloy under low-cycle fatigue showed cyclic [...] Read more.

This paper presents the results of tests conducted on the HR6W (23Cr-45Ni-6W-Nb-Ti-B) alloy under low-cycle fatigue at room temperature and at 650 °C. Fatigue tests were carried out at constant values of the total strain ranges. The alloy under low-cycle fatigue showed cyclic strengthening both at room temperature and at 650 °C. The degree of HR6W strengthening described by coefficient n’ was higher at higher temperatures. At the same time, its fatigue life N_f at room temperature was, depending on the range of total strain adopted in the tests, several times higher than observed at 650 °C. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study on Cyclic Mechanical Behaviors of Materials)

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13 pages, 3282 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Fatigue Life of Austenitic Steel 304 Bolts Strengthened by Surface Treatment with Graphene Oxide Layer and Surface Shot Peening

by Barbara Nasiłowska, Zdzisław Bogdanowicz, Sylwester Kłysz, Marta Baran, Janusz Lisiecki, Grzegorz Mońka, Bartosz Bartosewicz, Zenon Komorek, Aneta Bombalska and Zygmunt Mierczyk

Materials 2021, 14(21), 6674; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216674 - 5 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1682

Abstract

This paper presents the results of investigations of the effect of graphene oxide and surface shot peening on the mechanical properties and fatigue life of bolts made of austenitic 304 steel. An innovative method for the uniform deposition of graphene oxide on screws [...] Read more.

This paper presents the results of investigations of the effect of graphene oxide and surface shot peening on the mechanical properties and fatigue life of bolts made of austenitic 304 steel. An innovative method for the uniform deposition of graphene oxide on screws is presented. The process involved activating the surface using plasma and then performing graphene oxide deposition using centrifugal force and vacuum drying. The screw specimens prepared in this way were subjected to a surface peening process. Comparative studies have shown that the combination of graphene oxide deposition and shot peening processes results in an increase in fatigue life of approximately 42 ÷ 275% (depending on the stress amplitude level) compared to the as-delivered samples. The results presented are promising and may provide a basis for further research on the application of graphene and its derivatives to increase fatigue life and improve the mechanical properties of machine components. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study on Cyclic Mechanical Behaviors of Materials)

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20 pages, 5718 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Verification of Fatigue Damage and Prognosis Related to Degradation of Polymer-Ceramic

by Piotr Kosiński and Piotr Żach

Materials 2021, 14(18), 5147; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185147 - 8 Sep 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1592

Abstract

Statistically, road accidents involving pedestrians occur in the autumn and winter months, when outdoor temperatures reach −30 °C. The research presented in this paper investigates the impact of a pedestrian’s head on laminated windscreen, taking into account the effects of external temperature, heating [...] Read more.

Statistically, road accidents involving pedestrians occur in the autumn and winter months, when outdoor temperatures reach −30 °C. The research presented in this paper investigates the impact of a pedestrian’s head on laminated windscreen, taking into account the effects of external temperature, heating of the windscreen from the inside, and fatigue of the glass. The automotive laminated windscreen under study is made from two layers of glass and a Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) resin bonding them together. PVB significantly changes its properties with temperature. The Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations of a pedestrian’s head hitting the windscreen of an Opel Astra II at <−30 °C, +20 °C> were performed. The obtained Head Injury Criterion (HIC) results revealed an almost twofold decrease in safety between +20 °C and −20 °C. The same test was then performed taking into account the heating of the windscreen from the inside and the fatigue of the glass layers. Surprisingly, the highest HIC value of all the cases studied was obtained at −30 °C and heating the windscreen. The nature of safety changes with temperature variation is different for the cases of heating, non-heating, and fatigue of glass layers. Glass fatigue increases pedestrian safety throughout the temperature range analysed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study on Cyclic Mechanical Behaviors of Materials)

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13 pages, 4759 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Energy Dissipated in Fatigue and Creep Conditions

by Stanisław Mroziński, Zbigniew Lis and Halina Egner

Materials 2021, 14(16), 4724; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14164724 - 21 Aug 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1648

Abstract

The paper presents the results of tests performed on samples made of P91 steel under combined variable and constant load conditions, at temperature T = 600 °C. The analysis of the test results was carried out with the use of the energetic description [...] Read more.

The paper presents the results of tests performed on samples made of P91 steel under combined variable and constant load conditions, at temperature T = 600 °C. The analysis of the test results was carried out with the use of the energetic description of the fatigue process. It was shown that the order of occurrence of the fatigue load and creep in the load program influences the fatigue life and the value of the energy cumulated in the sample until fracture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study on Cyclic Mechanical Behaviors of Materials)

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15 pages, 6847 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Heat Treatment on Cyclic Response of Nickel-Based Superalloy Inconel 718 up to Very-High Cycle Regime

by Mengxiong Zhao, Zhenhua Zhao, Lulu Liu, Gang Luo and Wei Chen

Materials 2020, 13(23), 5358; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13235358 - 26 Nov 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2171

Abstract

Cyclic response and fatigue behavior are sensitive to the microstructure of material induced by heat treatment. In this paper, three sets of high-temperature superalloy Inconel 718 with different heat treatment, namely annealed, aged, and directly aged high quality (DAHQ), are compared. Difference in [...] Read more.

Cyclic response and fatigue behavior are sensitive to the microstructure of material induced by heat treatment. In this paper, three sets of high-temperature superalloy Inconel 718 with different heat treatment, namely annealed, aged, and directly aged high quality (DAHQ), are compared. Difference in grain size distribution, phase, and precipitate, etc., were investigated using an optical camera and scanning electron microscopy. Yield and ultimate strength were found to increase obviously after aging heat treatment. Self-heating phenomenon at 20 kHz was attenuated as grain size decreased. There was a transition from cyclic hardening to softening. Very-high cycle fatigue (VHCF) behavior of Inconel 718 was tested using an ultrasonic fatigue device. Crack initiation duration occupied greater than 99% of the total fatigue life. It concluded that average grain size influences VHCF strength and crack initiation mechanism, and that self-heating phenomenon is not a decisive factor on VHCF strength for Inconel 718. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study on Cyclic Mechanical Behaviors of Materials)

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18 pages, 18194 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of the Welding Process on the Mechanical Characteristics and Fracture of the S700MC High Strength Steel under Various Types of Loading

by Tadeusz Szymczak, Katarzyna Makowska and Zbigniew L. Kowalewski

Materials 2020, 13(22), 5249; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225249 - 20 Nov 2020

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2174

Abstract

This paper focuses on the mechanical properties analysis of the high strength S700MC steel applied in welding joints. The research comprised mechanical tests for checking what the changes of tensile characteristics, mechanical parameters, resistance to impact, and fracture toughness look like in selected [...] Read more.

This paper focuses on the mechanical properties analysis of the high strength S700MC steel applied in welding joints. The research comprised mechanical tests for checking what the changes of tensile characteristics, mechanical parameters, resistance to impact, and fracture toughness look like in selected regions of the welding joint. Stress-strain curves have shown significant differences in the tensile characteristic shape and the values of Young’s modulus, yield stress, ultimate tensile strength, and ductility due to the welding process applied. In the case of Charpy tests, the courses of the accumulated energy, force, deflection, and project velocity are presented, indicating the maximum value of absorbed energy, the same level of force during the first contact of the projectile with the specimens, and the significant variation of the velocity for the impact energy ranging from 50 J up to 300 J. On the basis of the fracture toughness tests, the distributions of the CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) values are presented for the parent material, HAZ (Heat Affected Zone) and weld. Moreover, the characteristic features of the fatigue pre-crack, transient and crack propagation zones are identified and discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study on Cyclic Mechanical Behaviors of Materials)

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Review

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18 pages, 6772 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Shear Band Evolution under Cyclic Loading and Fatigue Property in Metallic Glasses: A Brief Review

by Xiaodi Wang, Shaojie Wu, Ruitao Qu and Zhefeng Zhang

Materials 2021, 14(13), 3595; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14133595 - 28 Jun 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2101

Abstract

The fatigue damage and fracture of metallic glasses (MGs) were reported to be dominated by shear band. While there exist several reviews about the fatigue behavior of MGs, an overview that mainly focuses on shear bands under cyclic loading is urgent, and is [...] Read more.

The fatigue damage and fracture of metallic glasses (MGs) were reported to be dominated by shear band. While there exist several reviews about the fatigue behavior of MGs, an overview that mainly focuses on shear bands under cyclic loading is urgent, and is of great importance for the understanding of fatigue mechanisms and properties. In this review paper, based on the previous research results, the shear band evolution under cyclic loading including shear band formation, propagation and cracking, was summarized and elucidated. Furthermore, one strategy of enhancing the fatigue property through manipulating the microstructure to suppress the shear band formation was proposed. Additionally, the applications of the effect of annealing treatment and processing condition on fatigue behaviors were utilized to verify the strategy. Finally, several future directions of fatigue research in MG were presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study on Cyclic Mechanical Behaviors of Materials)

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