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Superconducting and Quantum Metamaterials, Metacircuits, and Metadevices
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Superconducting and Quantum Metamaterials, Metacircuits, and Metadevices

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 14006

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Kaveh Delfanazari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Interests: superconducting–semiconducting quantum computing; quantum nanoelectronics and josephson junctions; superconducting photonics, metamaterials, and plasmonics; terahertz science and technology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The unique advantages of superconductors compared to conventional metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics are their low loss, flux quantization, and strong diamagnetism. The electromagnetic response of superconductors is derived from Cooper pairs, which are very sensitive to external perturbations, such as temperature, current, magnetic field, and photons. Artificially engineered materials (metamaterials) enable unique interactions of electromagnetic waves with matter, so circuits and devices based on a superconducting material platform offer high-frequency switching, tuning, and nonlinearity for applications in optics, detection and sensing, quantum information science and technology, etc. The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight recent developments and advances in the theory, design, modeling, fabrication, characterization/experiment, and application of superconducting and quantum metamaterials, metacircuits, and metadevices operating at DC, RFs, microwaves, millimetre-waves, terahertz, and optics that address multiple aspects of challenges in:

  • cavity Josephson plasmonics;
  • plasmonic superconducting metadevices and metacircuits;
  • superconducting quantum/Josephson metamaterials;
  • low-loss superconducting–semiconducting/graphene/insulator hybrid metamaterials;
  • superconducting hyperbolic metamaterials; or
  • waveguide quantum electrodynamics.

Dr. Kaveh Delfanazari
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • superconducting plasmonic metamaterials
  • Josephson plasmonics
  • Josephson junctions
  • quantum circuits and electrodynamics
  • quantum metamaterials
  • hybrid superconducting–semiconducting/graphene/insulator metamaterials
  • cavity and waveguide quantum electrodynamics.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 2873 KiB  
Article
Millimeter-Wave-to-Terahertz Superconducting Plasmonic Waveguides for Integrated Nanophotonics at Cryogenic Temperatures
by Samane Kalhor, Majid Ghanaatshoar, Hannah J. Joyce, David A. Ritchie, Kazuo Kadowaki and Kaveh Delfanazari
Materials 2021, 14(15), 4291; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14154291 - 31 Jul 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2081
Abstract
Plasmonics, as a rapidly growing research field, provides new pathways to guide and modulate highly confined light in the microwave-to-optical range of frequencies. We demonstrated a plasmonic slot waveguide, at the nanometer scale, based on the high-transition-temperature (Tc) superconductor Bi [...] Read more.
Plasmonics, as a rapidly growing research field, provides new pathways to guide and modulate highly confined light in the microwave-to-optical range of frequencies. We demonstrated a plasmonic slot waveguide, at the nanometer scale, based on the high-transition-temperature (Tc) superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (BSCCO), to facilitate the manifestation of chip-scale millimeter wave (mm-wave)-to-terahertz (THz) integrated circuitry operating at cryogenic temperatures. We investigated the effect of geometrical parameters on the modal characteristics of the BSCCO plasmonic slot waveguide between 100 and 800 GHz. In addition, we investigated the thermal sensing of the modal characteristics of the nanoscale superconducting slot waveguide and showed that, at a lower frequency, the fundamental mode of the waveguide had a larger propagation length, a lower effective refractive index, and a strongly localized modal energy. Moreover, we found that our device offered a larger SPP propagation length and higher field confinement than the gold plasmonic waveguides at broad temperature ranges below BSCCO’s Tc. The proposed device can provide a new route toward realizing cryogenic low-loss photonic integrated circuitry at the nanoscale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Superconducting and Quantum Metamaterials, Metacircuits, and Metadevices)
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13 pages, 2400 KiB  
Article
Study of Radiation Characteristics of Intrinsic Josephson Junction Terahertz Emitters with Different Thickness of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ Crystals
by Takanari Kashiwagi, Takumi Yuasa, Genki Kuwano, Takashi Yamamoto, Manabu Tsujimoto, Hidetoshi Minami and Kazuo Kadowaki
Materials 2021, 14(5), 1135; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14051135 - 28 Feb 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2080
Abstract
The radiation intensity from the intrinsic Josephson junction high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ terahertz emitters (Bi2212-THz emitters) is one of the most important characteristics for application uses of the device. In principle, it would [...] Read more.
The radiation intensity from the intrinsic Josephson junction high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ terahertz emitters (Bi2212-THz emitters) is one of the most important characteristics for application uses of the device. In principle, it would be expected to be improved with increasing the number of intrinsic Josephson junctions N in the emitters. In order to further improve the device characteristics, we have developed a stand alone type of mesa structures (SAMs) of Bi2212 crystals. Here, we understood the radiation characteristics of our SAMs more deeply, after we studied the radiation characteristics from three SAMs (S1, S2, and S3) with different thicknesses. Comparing radiation characteristics of the SAMs in which the number of intrinsic Josephson junctions are N∼ 1300 (S1), 2300 (S2), and 3100 (S3), respectively, the radiation intensity, frequency as well as the characteristics of the device working bath temperature are well understood. The strongest radiation of the order of few tens of microwatt was observed from the thickest SAM of S3. We discussed this feature through the N2-relationship and the radiation efficiency of a patch antenna. The thinner SAM of S1 can generate higher radiation frequencies than the thicker one of S3 due to the difference of the applied voltage per junctions limited by the heat-removal performance of the device structures. The observed features in this study are worthwhile designing Bi2212-THz emitters with better emission characteristics for many applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Superconducting and Quantum Metamaterials, Metacircuits, and Metadevices)
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19 pages, 1755 KiB  
Article
Models of Molecular Structures of Hexa-Nuclear AlnFem Metal Clusters (n + m = 6): DFT Quantum-Chemical Design
by Oleg V. Mikhailov and Denis V. Chachkov
Materials 2021, 14(3), 597; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030597 - 27 Jan 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1490
Abstract
By using the density functional theory (DFT) method at the OPBE/QZVP level, key parameters of molecular structures of six-atomic (heterobi)nuclear metal clusters with an AlnFem composition (n + m = 6) (bond lengths, bond angles, and torsion (dihedral) angles) were [...] Read more.
By using the density functional theory (DFT) method at the OPBE/QZVP level, key parameters of molecular structures of six-atomic (heterobi)nuclear metal clusters with an AlnFem composition (n + m = 6) (bond lengths, bond angles, and torsion (dihedral) angles) were calculated. It was found that each of these clusters exists in a large number of structural isomers that differ substantially in terms of their total energy. Furthermore, the molecular structures of these structural isomers significantly differ regarding the geometric parameters and geometric form. In addition, the most stable structural isomers of these metal clusters also differ rather considerably in terms of the geometric form. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Superconducting and Quantum Metamaterials, Metacircuits, and Metadevices)
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16 pages, 3486 KiB  
Article
Perfect Impedance Matching with Meta-Surfaces Made of Ultra-Thin Metal Films: A Phenomenological Approach to the Ideal THz Sensors
by Binglei Zhang, Yang Liu, Yi Luo, Feodor V. Kusmartsev and Anna Kusmartseva
Materials 2020, 13(23), 5417; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13235417 - 28 Nov 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1942
Abstract
The terahertz (THz) frequency range is incredibly important as it covers electromagnetic emissions typical for biological and molecular processes. All molecules emit THz waves in a unique fingerprint pattern, although the intensity of such signals is usually too weak to be detected. To [...] Read more.
The terahertz (THz) frequency range is incredibly important as it covers electromagnetic emissions typical for biological and molecular processes. All molecules emit THz waves in a unique fingerprint pattern, although the intensity of such signals is usually too weak to be detected. To address the efficiency gap in existing THz devices it is extremely important to create surfaces with perfect anti-reflection properties. Although metals are absolutely reflective, here we show both theoretically and experimentally that by constructing meta-surfaces made of a superposition of ultra-thin metallic nano-films (a couple of nanometres thick) and oxide layers a unique property of perfect transmission and impedance matching may be realised. The perfect transmission rates can be as high as 100% and it may be achieved in both optical and THz regimes. The predicted effect has been observed for numerous meta-surfaces of different compositions. The effect found here is expected to impact the renewable energies sectors, optoelectronic and telecommunication industries, accelerating the arrival of the sensors for the new 6G-technology. The phenomenon is highly relevant to all scientific fields where minimising electromagnetic losses through reflection is important. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Superconducting and Quantum Metamaterials, Metacircuits, and Metadevices)
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16 pages, 8159 KiB  
Article
Gain-Enhanced Metamaterial Absorber-Loaded Monopole Antenna for Reduced Radar Cross-Section and Back Radiation
by Heijun Jeong, Yeonju Kim, Manos M. Tentzeris and Sungjoon Lim
Materials 2020, 13(5), 1247; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13051247 - 10 Mar 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3620
Abstract
This paper proposes a gain-enhanced metamaterial (MM) absorber-loaded monopole antenna that reduces both radar cross-section and back radiation. To demonstrate the proposed idea, we designed a wire monopole antenna and an MM absorber. The MM absorber comprised lumped elements of subwavelength unit cells [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a gain-enhanced metamaterial (MM) absorber-loaded monopole antenna that reduces both radar cross-section and back radiation. To demonstrate the proposed idea, we designed a wire monopole antenna and an MM absorber. The MM absorber comprised lumped elements of subwavelength unit cells and achieved 90% absorbance bandwidth from 2.42–2.65 GHz. For low-profile configurations, the MM absorber was loaded parallel to and 10 mm from the monopole antenna, corresponding to 0.09 λ0 at 2.7 GHz. The monopole antenna resonated at 2.7 GHz with a 3.71 dBi peak gain and 2.65 GHz and 6.46 dBi peak gain, before and after loading the MM absorber, respectively. Therefore, including the MM absorber increased peak gain by 2.7 dB and reduced back radiation by 15 dB. The proposed antenna radar cross-section was reduced by 2 dB compared with a monopole antenna with an artificial magnetic conductor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Superconducting and Quantum Metamaterials, Metacircuits, and Metadevices)
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17 pages, 577 KiB  
Article
Universal Tool for Single-Photon Circuits: Quantum Router Design
by Aydar Sultanov, Yakov Greenberg, Evgeniya Mutsenik, Dmitry Pitsun and Evgeni Il’ichev
Materials 2020, 13(2), 319; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020319 - 10 Jan 2020
Viewed by 2076
Abstract
We demonstrate that the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian approach can be used as a universal tool to design and describe a performance of single photon quantum electrodynamical circuits (cQED). As an example of the validity of this method, we calculate a novel six port quantum [...] Read more.
We demonstrate that the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian approach can be used as a universal tool to design and describe a performance of single photon quantum electrodynamical circuits (cQED). As an example of the validity of this method, we calculate a novel six port quantum router, constructed from four qubits and three open waveguides. We have obtained analytical expressions, which describe the transmission and reflection coefficients of a single photon in general form taking into account the spread qubit’s parameters. We show that, due to naturally derived interferences, in situ tuning the probability of photon detection in desired ports. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Superconducting and Quantum Metamaterials, Metacircuits, and Metadevices)
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