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Advanced Materials, Sensors and Smart Components for Modern, Intelligent, and...
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Advanced Materials, Sensors and Smart Components for Modern, Intelligent, and Sustainable Vehicles

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Smart Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2023) | Viewed by 6202

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ambra Fioravanti

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility—CNR–STEMS, Via Canal Bianco 28, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: metal oxide nanostructures; material synthesis and characterizations; thick films deposition; chemoresistive gas sensors; industrial and environmental monitoring; hydraulic fluids properties and characterizations; Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Pietro Marani

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility (STEMS), National Research Council (CNR), 44124 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: agricultural and earth-moving machines; fluid power and power transmissions; energy saving; hydraulic and electro-hydraulic architectures; multi-domain lumped parameter simulation; functional safety

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The progress of modern, intelligent, and sustainable vehicles needs an interdisciplinary approach involving many research areas, such as information technology, electrical engineering, materials science, chemistry, tribology, etc., and new technologies (mechatronic systems, preventive maintenance, additive manufacturing, surface coating techniques, etc.).

Additionally, new micro-nanomaterials, sensors, and smart components are fundamental drivers for the development of new-generation vehicles. The introduction of novel advanced materials enables the fabrication of economic and non-toxic components with high efficiency, robustness, and long life. Sensor implementation can optimize the operating range, increase the functional safety and the reliability, and reduce the downtime and costs, minimizing maintenance.

The aim of this Special Issue is to cover the main aspects of fundamental and applied research in the development of modern, intelligent, and sustainable vehicles, such as (but not limited to) the following:

  • Nanostructured materials for fluid power and automotive systems;
  • New materials’ development and characterizations;
  • New methods for the modeling and analysis of fluid power and automotive systems and components;
  • Smart components and innovative sensors;
  • Sensors networks for IoT applications;
  • Condition monitoring, predictive maintenance, and functional safety of vehicles;
  • Innovative control strategies and Digital Twins enabled by new sensors;
  • Ecofriendly and smart fluids.

It is our pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Dr. Ambra Fioravanti
Dr. Pietro Marani
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanostructured materials
  • material preparation and characterizations
  • smart components
  • fluid power systems
  • automotive components
  • sensors networks
  • condition monitoring
  • predictive maintenance
  • functional safety
  • modelling and simulations
  • digital twins
  • ecofriendly and smart fluids

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 4379 KiB  
Article
Harsh Environmental-Tolerant and High-Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Nanofiber/Microsphere Hybrid Membranes
by Dequan Sun, Ruirui Cao, Haoyi Wu, Xin Li, Haoran Yu and Lijin Guo
Materials 2023, 16(2), 562; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16020562 - 6 Jan 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1684
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can convert tiny mechanical energy into precious electrical energy. Constant improvements to the output performance of TENG is not only the driving force for its sustainable development, but also the key to expand its practical applicability in modern smart devices. [...] Read more.
Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can convert tiny mechanical energy into precious electrical energy. Constant improvements to the output performance of TENG is not only the driving force for its sustainable development, but also the key to expand its practical applicability in modern smart devices. However, most previous studies were conducted at room temperature, ignoring the influence of temperature on the output performance of TENG. Additionally, due to thermionic emission effect, the electrons transferred to a dielectric surface can be released into a vacuum after contact electrification. Therefore, TENG cannot maintain an effective electrical output under high-temperature conditions. Here, a series of high-temperature operatable flexible TENGs (HO-TENGs) based on nanofiber/microsphere hybrid membranes (FSHMs) was fabricated by electrospinning and electrospraying. The Voc of HO-TENG is 212 V, which is 2.33 times higher than that of control TENG. After 10,000 cycle stability tests, the HO-TENG shows excellent durability. Especially, this HO-TENG can maintain 77% electrical output at 70 °C compared to room temperature, showing excellent high-temperature operability. This study can not only provide a reference for the construction of advanced high-performance TENG, but also provide a certain experimental basis for efficient collection of mechanical energy in high-temperature environment and promote the application of TENG devices in harsh environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials, Sensors and Smart Components for Modern, Intelligent, and Sustainable Vehicles)
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19 pages, 2955 KiB  
Article
Carbon and Graphene Coatings for the Thermal Management of Sustainable LMP Batteries for Automotive Applications
by Luigi Sequino, Gaetano Sebastianelli and Bianca Maria Vaglieco
Materials 2022, 15(21), 7744; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217744 - 3 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1297
Abstract
The increment of battery temperature during the operation caused by internal heat generation is one of the main issues to face in the management of storage systems for automotive and power generation applications. The temperature strongly affects the battery efficiency, granting the best [...] Read more.
The increment of battery temperature during the operation caused by internal heat generation is one of the main issues to face in the management of storage systems for automotive and power generation applications. The temperature strongly affects the battery efficiency, granting the best performance in a limited range. The investigation and testing of materials for the improvement of heat dissipation are crucial for modern battery systems that must provide high power and energy density. This study presents an analysis of the thermal behavior of a lithium-polymer cell, which can be stacked in a battery pack for electric vehicles. The cell is sheltered with layers of two different materials: carbon and graphene, used in turn, to dissipate the heat generated during the operation in natural convection. Optical diagnostics in the infrared band is used to evaluate the battery surface temperature and the effect of the coatings. Experiments are performed in two operating conditions varying the current demand. Moreover, two theoretical correlations are used to estimate the thermal parameters of the battery with a reverse-logic approach. The convective heat transfer coefficient h and the specific heat capacity cp of the battery are evaluated and provided for the Li-ion battery under investigation for different coatings’ conductivity. The results highlight the advantage of using a coating and the effect of the coating properties to reduce the battery temperature under operation. In particular, graphene is preferable because it provides the lowest battery temperature in the most intense operating condition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials, Sensors and Smart Components for Modern, Intelligent, and Sustainable Vehicles)
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16 pages, 6814 KiB  
Article
Composite Hat Structure Design for Vehicle Safety: Potential Application to B-Pillar and Door Intrusion Beam
by Samer Fakhri Abdulqadir and Faris Tarlochan
Materials 2022, 15(3), 1084; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031084 - 30 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2366
Abstract
Regarding crashworthiness, many published works have focused on designing thin-walled structures for frontal collisions compared to side-impact collisions. This paper presents an experimental investigation and finite element modelling of a carbon-reinforced thin-walled top-hat section subjected to quasi-static and dynamic transverse bending loads at [...] Read more.
Regarding crashworthiness, many published works have focused on designing thin-walled structures for frontal collisions compared to side-impact collisions. This paper presents an experimental investigation and finite element modelling of a carbon-reinforced thin-walled top-hat section subjected to quasi-static and dynamic transverse bending loads at different impact speeds. The top-hat sections and their closure assembly plates were made of MTM44 prepreg carbon. The specimens were manufactured by vacuum bagging. Dynamic work was performed to validate the results obtained from the finite element analysis (FEA). The predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The study also showed that the peak load and energy absorption owing to dynamic loading were higher than those under static loading. In the four-point bend analysis, the stacking sequence affected the energy absorption capabilities by 15–30%. In addition, the distance between the indenters in the four-point analysis also affected the energy absorption by 10% for the same impact condition, where a larger distance promoted higher energy absorption. The study also demonstrated that a top-hat shaped thin-walled structure is suitable for deep intrusion beams in vehicle doors for side-impact crashworthiness applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials, Sensors and Smart Components for Modern, Intelligent, and Sustainable Vehicles)
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