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Sustainable Recycling Techniques of Pavement Materials II

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Construction and Building Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2024 | Viewed by 5382

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Dr. Jiaqing Wang

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Guest Editor

College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
Interests: sustainable infrastructure materials; rubberized concrete; fiber-reinforced concrete; utilization of MSW; asphalt concrete materials; material macro and micro characterizations; FEM fracture analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Dongdong Ge

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Guest Editor

School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China
Interests: asphalt testing and characterization; asphalt pavement materials; asphalt pavement design; asphalt pavement evaluation; recycled materials for pavement
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Dear Colleagues,

With the rapid development of infrastructure constructions, more and more existing pavements need to be recycled and reconstructed, especially recycled asphalt pavement, which consists of the world’s most recycled materials. Of all the ubiquitous things in our environment, roads are probably one of the least noticed. Our pavements see tremendous volumes of traffic and withstand considerable variations in weather and climate, and they do this on a pretty tight budget. This is only possible because all the scientists, engineers, contractors, and public works crews keep up with this incredible but straightforward material called asphalt. Therefore, innovative techniques for recycling and processing materials that could be used for new pavement construction have attracted more attention, considering their benefits in different properties. In recent years, warm and cold recycling techniques were proposed for recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) due to their benefits in temperature reductions that can effectively decrease energy consumption and CO₂ emissions. In addition, pavement materials containing municipal solid waste (MSW) were also widely studied, including but not limited to rubberized concrete, rubberized asphalt, and alternative cementitious materials for concrete pavements. Both of the techniques or materials above were applied to improve the mechanical and durability performances of newly constructed pavements and reduce the environmental effects of landfills and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The exploration of their effects on the various properties of materials and structures in pavements has also been widely conducted. During the exploration, not only experimental investigations but also simulations and life cycle assessments were operated in multiple aspects to evaluate, optimize, and predict the various properties.

This Special Issue will focus on innovative and efficient techniques and materials for pavement recycling and reconstruction. The main sub-topics include pavement recycling techniques, the effective utilization of industrial and construction waste in pavement engineering, improvements in sustainable techniques for pavement materials (e.g., warm and cold recycling technology for old asphalt pavement and GHG emission reduction techniques for RAP, etc.), green low-carbon and durable pavement structures and materials, the evaluation and simulation of sustainable pavement materials, the investigation of durability performance enhancement by recycled pavement materials, and life cycle assessment (LCA) regarding the utilization of recycled and waste materials in pavement construction.

It is our pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue. Articles and review papers are acceptable for this topic.

Dr. Jiaqing Wang
Prof. Dr. Dongdong Ge
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

pavement recycling techniques
industrial and construction waste utilization in pavement engineering
sustainable techniques for pavement materials
green low-carbon and durable pavement structures and materials
evaluation and simulation of sustainable pavement materials
infrastructure durability improvements by recycled pavement materials
life cycle assessment (GHG emission reduction/life cycle cost decrease attributed to the utilization of waste in pavement materials)

Related Special Issue

Sustainable Recycling Techniques of Pavement Materials in Materials (14 articles)

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 3344 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Rheological Properties of Silica-Fume-Modified Bioasphalt and Road Performance of Mixtures

by Gui Hou, Yanhua Xue, Zhe Li and Weiwei Lu

Materials 2024, 17(9), 2090; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17092090 - 29 Apr 2024

Viewed by 242

Abstract

The objective of this research is to enhance the high-temperature antirutting and antiaging characteristics of bioasphalt. In this study, silica fume (SF) was selected to modify bioasphalt. The dosage of bio-oil in bioasphalt was 5%, and the dosage of SF was 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% of bioasphalt. The high- and low-temperature characteristics, aging resistance, and temperature sensitivity of Bio + SF were evaluated by temperature sweep (TS), the multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test, the bending beam rheology (BBR) test, and the viscosity test. Meanwhile, the road behavior of the Bio + SF mixture was evaluated using the rutting test, low-temperature bending beam test, freeze–thaw splitting test, and fatigue test. The experimental results showed that the dosage of SF could enhance the high-temperature rutting resistance, aging resistance, and temperature stability of bioasphalt. The higher the dosage of SF, the more significant the enhancement effect. However, incorporating SF weakened bioasphalt’s low-temperature cracking resistance properties. When the SF dosage was less than 8%, the low-temperature cracking resistance of Bio + SF was still superior to that of matrix asphalt. Compared with matrix asphalt mixtures, the dynamic stability, destructive strain, freeze–thaw splitting strength ratio, and fatigue life of 5%Bio + 8%SF mixtures increased by 38.4%, 49.1%, 5.9%, and 68.9%, respectively. This study demonstrates that the development of SF-modified bioasphalt could meet the technical requirements of highway engineering. Using SF and bio-oil could decrease the consumption of natural resources and positively reduce environmental pollution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Recycling Techniques of Pavement Materials II)

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16 pages, 9775 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Curing Temperature on the Performance of Calcined Coal Gangue–Limestone Blended Cements

by Wenguang Zhang, Hao Zhou, Yueyang Hu, Jiaqing Wang, Jian Ma, Ruiyu Jiang and Jinfeng Sun

Materials 2024, 17(8), 1721; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081721 - 09 Apr 2024

Viewed by 458

Abstract

The utilization of calcined coal gangue (CCG) and limestone for the preparation of blended cement is an efficient approach to address the issue of coal gangue disposal. However, the compressive strength development of blended cement is slow, particularly at high substitution levels of CCG. Therefore, this study aimed to promote the hydration and mechanical properties of the calcined coal gangue–limestone blended cements by increasing the curing temperature. In this study, the samples were cured at two different temperatures, namely 20 and 40 °C. The four groups of samples contained 15 wt.%, 30 wt.%, 45 wt.% and 60 wt.% cement substitutions using CCG and limestone (2:1 mass ratio). The compressive strength, hydration and microstructure were investigated at the ages of 1 to 28 d. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry (TG) were used to study the hydration behavior of samples. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine the microstructure of the samples. The results indicate that an increase in curing temperature significantly promotes the compressive strength of the calcined coal gangue–limestone blended cements from 1 to 28 d. The microstructural analysis indicates that increasing the curing temperature not only promotes cement hydration but also facilitates the reaction of CCG, which precipitated more hydrates such as C-A-S-H gel, Hc and Mc. These hydrates are conducive to refining the pore structures and densifying the microstructure, which sufficiently explains the enhanced compressive strength of the calcined coal gangue–limestone blended cements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Recycling Techniques of Pavement Materials II)

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17 pages, 3965 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Properties of Steel Slag with Different Preparation Processes

by Xingbei Liu, Chao Zhang, Huanan Yu, Guoping Qian, Xiaoguang Zheng, Hongyu Zhou, Lizhang Huang, Feng Zhang and Yixiong Zhong

Materials 2024, 17(7), 1555; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071555 - 28 Mar 2024

Viewed by 530

Abstract

To promote the resource utilization of steel slag and improve the production process of steel slag in steelmaking plants, this research studied the characteristics of three different processed steel slags from four steelmaking plants. The physical and mechanical characteristics and volume stability of steel slags were analyzed through density, water absorption, and expansion tests. The main mineral phases, morphological characteristics, and thermal stability of the original steel slag and the steel slag after the expansion test are analyzed with X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) tests. The results show that the composition of steel slag produced by different processes is similar. The main active substances of other processed steel slags are dicalcium silicate (C₂S), tricalcium silicate (C₃S), CaO, and MgO. After the expansion test, the main chemical products of steel slag are CaCO₃, MgCO₃, and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). Noticeable mineral crystals appeared on the surface of the steel slag after the expansion test, presenting tetrahedral or cigar-like protrusions. The drum slag had the highest density and water stability. The drum slag had the lowest porosity and the densest microstructure surface, compared with steel slags that other methods produce. The thermal stability of steel slag treated by the hot splashing method was relatively higher than that of steel slag treated by the other two methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Recycling Techniques of Pavement Materials II)

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15 pages, 6051 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Strengthening Cracked Steel Plates with Shape Memory Alloy Patches: Numerical and Experimental Investigations

by Zhiqiang Wang, Libin Wang, Qiudong Wang, Bohai Ji, Jie Liu and Yue Yao

Materials 2023, 16(23), 7259; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16237259 - 21 Nov 2023

Viewed by 616

Abstract

To investigate the retarding effect of bonding the shape memory alloy (SMA) patches on crack propagation in steel plates, both numerical and experimental analyses were conducted in the present study. A compact tension (CT) model was developed to clarify the feasibility of bonding the SMA patch to the reinforcement of the mode Ⅰ, mode Ⅱ, and mode Ⅲ cracks. On this basis, parametric analysis was conducted to investigate the strengthening parameters, i.e., the bonding area, the thickness, and the strengthening angle of the SMA patch. Subsequently, fatigue tests on the unreinforced steel plate and cracked steel plate strengthened by the SMA patches were conducted. The monitored stress variation, crack propagation behavior, and fatigue fracture surfaces were analyzed. Findings are meaningful to the application of the SMA reinforcement method in practical engineering. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Recycling Techniques of Pavement Materials II)

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14 pages, 4186 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Mechanical Properties and Water-Reducing and Retarding Mechanism of a Xylonic Cement Admixture

by Feng Han, Kaijian Huang, Yang Wei, Jian Han and Yong Xu

Materials 2023, 16(22), 7096; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16227096 - 09 Nov 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 779

Abstract

This study explores the mechanical properties, as well as the water-reducing and setting delay mechanism, of a novel xylonic acid-based water reducer applied to cementitious materials. Four xylonic acid water reducers were synthesized in this study: XACa (PX) from pure xylose, XACa (HS) from hemicellulose hydrolysate, XANa (PX) from pure xylose, and XANa (HS) from hemicellulose hydrolysate. These were generated through the whole-cell catalysis of Gluconobacter oxydans bacteria, using pure xylose and hemicellulose hydrolysate as substrates. The findings indicate that the xylonic acid-based water reducer can attain a water-reducing capability between 14% and 16% when the dosage (expressed as a mass fraction of cement) is roughly 0.2%. In initial and final setting tests, XACa (PX) demonstrated a pronounced retarding influence at admixture levels below 0.15%, reaching its apex at 0.10%. This delayed the initial setting time by 76% and the final setting time by 136% relative to the control group. However, a slight pro-setting effect was noted beyond a 0.2% dosage. In the compressive and flexural tests of concrete, under the same slump, the XA group improved its mechanical properties by 5% to 10% compared to the SodiuM lignosulfonate (SL) group. In the air content and chloride ion migration resistance tests, the XA group reduced the air content by 38% compared to the SL group, but also increased the data of rapid chloride migration (D_RCM) by 16%. Characterization studies revealed that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in xylonic acid undergo chemisorption with the Si-O bonds on the surface of cement particles. These groups interact with the Si-O bonds on cement particles, contributing to water-reducing effects and delaying the setting process by impeding Ca²⁺ ion aggregation in the calcium-silicate-hydrate gel. Its significant water-reducing effect, adjustable setting time, and excellent mechanical and durability properties suggest its viability as an alternative to lignosulfonate series water-reducing agents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Recycling Techniques of Pavement Materials II)

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13 pages, 5836 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Repairing Behaviors of Cracked Steel Plates Based on Bolted Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Plates

by Jie Liu, Haobo Wang, Yang Wei, Daguang Han and Yunfei Xiang

Materials 2023, 16(20), 6773; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16206773 - 19 Oct 2023

Viewed by 752

Abstract

The use of FRP materials to repair cracked/damaged steel structures has gradually been adopted by researchers. This paper investigates the repairing effect of bolted FRP plates for cracked steel plates based on experimental and numerical simulation methods. In the experimental investigation, the tensile strengths of six specimens, including three repaired specimens and three pure cracked steel specimens, were evaluated. The test outcomes indicated that the bolt repairing method significantly enhanced the tensile strengths of the cracked steel plates. As an example, the failure of a pure steel plate with a 1 mm width crack occurred at 813 N, whereas after being repaired, a tensile strength of 1298 N was observed. Based on finite element (FE) analysis, the influence of bolt preloads and interfacial friction coefficients were verified. The stress-relative ratio for specimens was contingent on the bolt preload magnitude and gradually decreased as the preload was augmented. By exploring the repairing effect for varied friction coefficients, it was concluded that using a higher bolt preload can aid in eliminating the performance discrepancy of the overall component caused by interface treatment errors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Recycling Techniques of Pavement Materials II)

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11 pages, 3118 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effective Notch-Stress-Based Stress Concentration Factors of the Rib–Deck Weld in Orthotropic Steel Decks Considering the Effect of Asphalt Surfacing

by Qiudong Wang, Shanchun Shi, Yue Yao, Zhiqiang Wang and Zhongqiu Fu

Materials 2023, 16(20), 6760; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16206760 - 19 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 742

Abstract

Effective notch stress (ENS) approaches have many application prospects in fatigue damage assessments; however, an ENS can only be obtained by conducting complex and time-consuming numerical analyses, deterring many engineers from applying such an approach. In terms of the rib–deck weld in orthotropic steel decks (OSDs), predictive formulae for determining the ENS concentration factors (ENS-based SCFs) have been proposed; however, the effect of asphalt surfacing is not involved, which limits their applications in practical engineering. In the present study, refined finite element (FE) models, including asphalt surfacing, were developed to obtain the ENS-based SCFs which could be applied to practical engineering. Parametric analyses were conducted to investigate the effect of the transverse loading position, the combined effect of the transverse loading position and asphalt surfacing, and the effect of the temperature of the asphalt surfacing. The amplification coefficients (k_SCF, k_SCF₁, and k_SCF₂) were introduced to determine the ENS-based SCFs on the basis of the predictive formulae without considering the effect of asphalt surfacing. Results show that the ENS-based SCFs of the rib–deck weld is considerably affected by the transverse position of wheel loading and the asphalt surfacing. The cubic polynomial function could be employed to fit the numerical results of the ENS-based SCFs and amplification coefficients (k_SCF, k_SCF₁, and k_SCF₂) with high fitting precision. Predictive formulae for determining the ENS-based SCFs corresponding to arbitrary transverse loading position and temperature of asphalt surfacing are proposed. The validation investigation turns out that the relative error of the proposed formulae is within 10%, indicating the feasibility of using this approach for engineering applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Recycling Techniques of Pavement Materials II)

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18 pages, 2055 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adhesion Properties of Recycled High-Viscosity Asphalt–Aggregate Interface under Dynamic Water Erosion

by Kang Zhao, Shijie Song, Yang Wei, Guofen Li and Feng Guo

Materials 2023, 16(18), 6203; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16186203 - 14 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 786

Abstract

The drainage of asphalt pavement requires the use of a large amount of high-viscosity-modified asphalt, which faces the service environment under dynamic water erosion. The feasibility of recycling high-viscosity-modified asphalt should be investigated to facilitate sustainable infrastructure construction. This study used ultrasonic equipment to simulate dynamic water erosion test conditions and tested the adhesion performance of different types of recycled high-viscosity asphalt at various environmental temperatures. The adhesion energy index and microstructure of recycled high-viscosity asphalt were analyzed using the contact angle test and AFM test. The results demonstrate that the higher the environmental temperature, the worse the anti-stripping performance of recycled high-viscosity asphalt. From the perspective of adhesion performance indicators, a 6% recycling agent dosage is more conducive to restoring the performance of aged high-viscosity -modified asphalt. The AFM test showed that the microstructure of high-viscosity -modified asphalt represented significant changes with an increase in the recycling agent content, and the change in the adhesion force of recycled high-viscosity -modified asphalt was consistent with the results of macroscopic adhesion performance tests. This study illustrates the applicability of implementing regeneration technology for the recycling of aged drainage asphalt pavement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Recycling Techniques of Pavement Materials II)

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