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Metallic/Polymeric/Composite Materials and Their Friction Stir Welded and Bonded Joints
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Metallic/Polymeric/Composite Materials and Their Friction Stir Welded and Bonded Joints

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Simulation and Design".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2023) | Viewed by 9070

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Alessandro Pirondi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
Interests: numerical modeling and experimenting of damage and fracture in materials and joints

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

the Special Issue, “Metallic/Polymeric/Composite Materials and Their Friction Stir Welded and Bonded Joints”, will address advances in application of these technologies to the manufacturing of single- and multi-material joints, covering experimental characterization, theoretical and numerical modelling as well as non-destructive assessment.

As the pressure for a low environmental impact and the market competition increases, product design and manufacturing is more and more driven by the balance between mechanical performance, weight and manufacturing cost savings. This has led to the development and application of highly performing metallic materials grades, polymers and composites and high-yield joining technologies such as Friction Stir Welding (FSW) and Adhesive Bonding (AB), allowing for an easier manufacturing of multi-material, optimized structures.

Original papers and reviews are therefore solicited on all types of metallic, polymeric and composite materials friction stir welded and bonded joints experimental characterization, theoretical and numerical modelling as well as non-destructive assessment. The interest of the special issue extends also to all friction stir-based joining processes and to the combined use of FSW and AB. Articles and reviews encompassing automotive, aerospace, shipbuilding and any other possible industrial application fields of these techniques are very welcome.


Prof. Dr. Alessandro Pirondi
Guest Editor


Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metals
  • polymers
  • composites
  • friction stir welding
  • adhesive bonding
  • experimental testing
  • numerical modelling
  • non-destructive assessment
  • damage
  • fracture
  • fatigue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 4895 KiB  
Article
Impact Fatigue Life of Adhesively Bonded Composite-Steel Joints Enhanced with the Bi-Adhesive Technique
by Alireza Akhavan-Safar, Ghasem Eisaabadi Bozchaloei, Shahin Jalali, Reza Beygi, Majid R. Ayatollahi and Lucas F. M. da Silva
Materials 2023, 16(1), 419; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010419 - 2 Jan 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1780
Abstract
One of the most common loading conditions that bonded joints experience in service is repeated impact. Despite the destructive effects of impact fatigue, the behavior of metal-composite bonded joints subjected to repeated impact loads has rarely been studied in the literature. Therefore, it [...] Read more.
One of the most common loading conditions that bonded joints experience in service is repeated impact. Despite the destructive effects of impact fatigue, the behavior of metal-composite bonded joints subjected to repeated impact loads has rarely been studied in the literature. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to pay attention to this phenomenon on the one hand and to find solutions to improve the impact fatigue life of bonded composite metal components on the other hand. Accordingly, in this study, the use of the bi-adhesive technique is proposed to improve the durability of composite-metal single-lap joints (SLJs) under impact fatigue loading conditions. J-N (energy-life) method is also used to analyze the experimental data obtained. Accordingly, in the present study, the impact fatigue behavior of single adhesive metal to composite joints was analyzed experimentally based on the J-N method and also numerically using the finite element method (FEM). By using two adhesives along a single overlap, the impact fatigue life of joints between dissimilar composite and metal joints was also analyzed experimentally. The results show that the double adhesives technique can significantly improve the impact fatigue life of the tested joints. It was also found that the optimum length ratio of the adhesives (the length covered by the ductile adhesive relative to the total overlap size) is a function of the stiffness of the joint and is more pronounced for less stiff bonded joints. A linear elastic numerical analysis was also conducted to evaluate the stress state along the bloodline of the bonded joints. Results show that the compressive peel stress made at the boundary of the two adhesives can be a possible reason behind the different results observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic/Polymeric/Composite Materials and Their Friction Stir Welded and Bonded Joints)
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22 pages, 3534 KiB  
Article
Effect of Sintering Temperatures, Reinforcement Size on Mechanical Properties and Fortification Mechanisms on the Particle Size Distribution of B4C, SiC and ZrO2 in Titanium Metal Matrix Composites
by Birhane Assefa Gemeda, Devendra Kumar Sinha, Gyanendra Kumar Singh, Abdulaziz H. Alghtani, Vineet Tirth, Ali Algahtani, Getinet Asrat Mengesha, Gulam Mohammed Sayeed Ahmed and Nazia Hossain
Materials 2022, 15(16), 5525; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15165525 - 12 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1684
Abstract
Titanium metal matrix composites/TMMCs are reinforced ceramic reinforcements that have been developed and used in the automotive, biological, implants, and aerospace fields. At high temperatures, TMMCs can provide up to 50% weight reduction compared to monolithic super alloys while maintaining comparable quality or [...] Read more.
Titanium metal matrix composites/TMMCs are reinforced ceramic reinforcements that have been developed and used in the automotive, biological, implants, and aerospace fields. At high temperatures, TMMCs can provide up to 50% weight reduction compared to monolithic super alloys while maintaining comparable quality or state of strength. The objective of this research was the analysis and evaluation of the effect/influence of different sintering temperatures, reinforcement size dependence of mechanical properties, and fortification mechanisms on the particle size distribution of B4C, SiC, and ZrO2 reinforced TMMCs that were produced and fabricated by powder metallurgy/PM. SEM, XRD, a Rockwell hardness tester, and the Archimedes principle were used in this analysis. The composites’ hardness, approximation, tensile, yielding, and ultimate strength were all increased. As the composite was reinforced with low-density ceramics material and particles, its density decreased. The volume and void content in all the synthesized specimens is below 1%; this is the result of good sample densification, mechanical properties and uniform distribution of the reinforced particle samples; 5% B4C, 12.5% SiC, 7.5% ZrO2, 75% Ti develop higher mechanical properties, such as higher hardness, approximation tensile, yielding, and ultimate strength and low porosity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic/Polymeric/Composite Materials and Their Friction Stir Welded and Bonded Joints)
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32 pages, 21285 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Tensile Strength and Fracture Toughness of Co-Bonded and Cold-Bonded Carbon Fiber Laminate-Aluminum Adhesive Joints
by Fabrizio Moroni, Alessandro Pirondi, Chiara Pernechele and Luca Vescovi
Materials 2021, 14(14), 3778; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143778 - 6 Jul 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2107
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to compare the co-bonding vs. cold-bonding route on the adhesive joint performance of a CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) laminate–aluminum connection. In particular, the overlap shear, tensile strength and Mode I and Mode II fracture toughness will [...] Read more.
The purpose of this work is to compare the co-bonding vs. cold-bonding route on the adhesive joint performance of a CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) laminate–aluminum connection. In particular, the overlap shear, tensile strength and Mode I and Mode II fracture toughness will be evaluated. The adhesives for co-bonding and cold-bonding are, respectively, a thermosetting modified epoxy, unsupported structural film and a two-component epoxy adhesive, chosen as representative of applications in the high-performance/race car field. The emerging trend is that, in tensile e Mode I fracture tests, the failure path is predominantly in the composite. Mode II fracture tests instead resulted in a cohesive fracture, meaning that, under pure shear loading, the weakest link may not be the composite. The lap-shear tests are placed midway (cohesive failure for co-bonding and composite delamination for cold-bonding, respectively), probably due to the different peel stress values related to the different adhesive Young’s modulus. The exploitation of the full capacity of the adhesive joint, hence the possibility of highlighting better, different performances of co-bonding vs. cold-bonding, would require consistent improvement of the out-of-plane strength of the CFRP laminate and/or to someway redistribute the peel stress on the bondline. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic/Polymeric/Composite Materials and Their Friction Stir Welded and Bonded Joints)
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17 pages, 5617 KiB  
Article
Effects of Rapid Cooling on Properties of Aluminum-Steel Friction Stir Welded Joint
by Hamed Aghajani Derazkola, Eduardo García, Arameh Eyvazian and Mohammad Aberoumand
Materials 2021, 14(4), 908; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14040908 - 14 Feb 2021
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 2751
Abstract
In this study, dissimilar sheets including AA3003 aluminum and A441 AISI steel were welded via cooling-assisted friction stir welding (FSW). Three different cooling mediums including forced CO2, forced water, and forced air were employed, and a non-cooled sample was processed to [...] Read more.
In this study, dissimilar sheets including AA3003 aluminum and A441 AISI steel were welded via cooling-assisted friction stir welding (FSW). Three different cooling mediums including forced CO2, forced water, and forced air were employed, and a non-cooled sample was processed to compare the cooling-assisted condition with the traditional FSW condition. The highest cooling rate belongs to CO2 and the lowest cooling rate belongs to the non-cooled sample as FSW. The best macrograph without any segregation at interface belongs to the water-cooled sample and the poorest joint with notable segregation belongs to the CO2 cooling FSW sample. The CO2 cooling FSW sample exhibits the smallest grain size due to the suppression of grain growth during dynamic recrystallization (DRX). The intermetallic compound (IMC) thickening was suppressed by a higher cooling rate in CO2 cooling sample and just Al-rich phase was formed in this joint. The lowest cooling rate in the FSW sample exhibits formation of the Fe rich phase. The IMC layers were thicker at the top of the weld due to closeness with the heat generation source. The water cooling sample exhibits the highest tensile strength due to proper mechanical bonding simultaneously with optimum IMC thickness to provide appropriate metallurgical bonding. Fractography observation indicates that there is a semi-ductile fracture in the water cooling sample and CO2 cooling sample exhibits more brittle fracture. Hardness evaluation reveals that the higher the cooling rate formed, the higher the hardness in stir zone, and hardness changes in the aluminum side were higher than the steel side. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic/Polymeric/Composite Materials and Their Friction Stir Welded and Bonded Joints)
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