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Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Design, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications
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Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Design, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 23406

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Tania Limongi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
Interests: nanoparticles; extracellular vesicles; drug delivery; nanomedicine; in vitro study; nanotoxicology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Developing new materials is usually a time-demanding and meticulous process, but at the same time, it is one of the more promising solutions to obtain a cleaner, safer, and smart future. More in detail, referring to nanomaterials, an increasingly successfully tool of nanotechnologies, nanoparticles are categorized as materials in which at least one dimension is less than 100 nm in diameter. Among the various nanoparticles’ categories, metal and metal oxides nanoparticles stand as an emerging nanotechnological solution for a wide range of biological and medical physio/pathological open questions. This Special Issue covers the fundamental science, design, characterization, and biomedical applications of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials. The articles here presented will embrace all the aspects determining the performance of these systems, ranging from their synthesis, design, chemical, physical, and biological functionalization, to their characterization and successful applications. Therefore, this Special Issue welcomes contributions from all scientists producing and/or applying metal and metal oxides nanoparticles in a diagnostic, therapeutic or theranostics contest.

The Special Issue will cover but not be limited to the following topics:

  • Methods and strategies for metal and metal oxide nanoparticles’ synthesis;
  • Engineering metallic nanoparticles;
  • Metallic nanoparticles’ diagnostic applications;
  • Metallic nanoparticles’ therapeutic applications;
  • Metallic nanoparticles’ theranostics applications.

Dr. Tania Limongi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Metal nanoparticles
  • Metal oxides nanoparticles
  • Synthesis
  • Nanoparticles’ functionalization
  • Nanoparticles’ engineering
  • In vitro and in vivo study
  • Diagnosis
  • Therapy
  • Theranostics

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 162 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue “Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Design, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications”
by Tania Limongi
Materials 2021, 14(23), 7287; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237287 - 28 Nov 2021
Viewed by 1194
Abstract
The current Special Issue entitled “Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Design, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications” aims to present contributions from all scientists producing and/or applying metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in a diagnostic, therapeutic or theranostics context [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Design, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications)

Research

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11 pages, 3116 KiB  
Communication
Self-Assembly of Asymmetrically Functionalized Titania Nanoparticles into Nanoshells
by Fredric G. Svensson, Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva, Nicholas A. Kotov and Vadim G. Kessler
Materials 2020, 13(21), 4856; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13214856 - 29 Oct 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2264
Abstract
Titania (anatase) nanoparticles were anisotropically functionalized in water-toluene Pickering emulsions to self-assemble into nanoshells with diameters from 500 nm to 3 μm as candidates for encapsulation of drugs and other compounds. The water-phase contained a hydrophilic ligand, glucose-6-phosphate, while the toluene-phase contained a [...] Read more.
Titania (anatase) nanoparticles were anisotropically functionalized in water-toluene Pickering emulsions to self-assemble into nanoshells with diameters from 500 nm to 3 μm as candidates for encapsulation of drugs and other compounds. The water-phase contained a hydrophilic ligand, glucose-6-phosphate, while the toluene-phase contained a hydrophobic ligand, n-dodecylphosphonic acid. The addition of a dilute sodium alginate suspension that provided electrostatic charge was essential for the self-limited assembly of the nanoshells. The self-assembled spheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, elemental mapping, and atomic force microscopy. Drug release studies using tetracycline suggest a rapid release dominated by surface desorption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Design, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications)
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20 pages, 6485 KiB  
Article
Biodegradable and Drug-Eluting Inorganic Composites Based on Mesoporous Zinc Oxide for Urinary Stent Applications
by Marco Laurenti, Marta Grochowicz, Elena Dragoni, Marco Carofiglio, Tania Limongi and Valentina Cauda
Materials 2020, 13(17), 3821; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13173821 - 29 Aug 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2460
Abstract
Conventional technologies for ureteral stent fabrication suffer from major inconveniences such as the development of encrustations and bacteria biofilm formation. These drawbacks typically lead to the failure of the device, significant patient discomfort and an additional surgery to remove and replace the stent [...] Read more.
Conventional technologies for ureteral stent fabrication suffer from major inconveniences such as the development of encrustations and bacteria biofilm formation. These drawbacks typically lead to the failure of the device, significant patient discomfort and an additional surgery to remove and replace the stent in the worst cases. This work focuses on the preparation of a new nanocomposite material able to show drug elution properties, biodegradation and eventually potential antibacterial activity. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) or the crosslinked poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-co-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels were prepared by the radical polymerization method and combined with a biodegradable and antibacterial filling agent, i.e., flower-like Zinc Oxide (ZnO) micropowders obtained via the hydrothermal route. The physico-chemical analyses revealed the correct incorporation of ZnO within the hydrogel matrix and its highly mesoporous structure and surface area, ideal for drug incorporation. Two different anti-inflammatory drugs (Ibuprofen and Diclofenac) were loaded within each composite and the release profile was monitored up to two weeks in artificial urine (AU) and even at different pH values in AU to simulate pathological conditions. The addition of mesoporous ZnO micropowders to the hydrogel did not negatively affect the drug loading properties of the hydrogel and it was successfully allowed to mitigate undesirable burst-release effects. Furthermore, the sustained release of the drugs over time was observed at neutral pH, with kinetic constants (k) as low as 0.05 h−1. By exploiting the pH-tunable swelling properties of the hydrogel, an even more sustained release was achieved in acidic and alkaline conditions especially at short release times, with a further reduction of burst effects (k ≈ 0.01–0.02 h−1). The nanocomposite system herein proposed represents a new material formulation for preparing innovative drug eluting stents with intrinsic antibacterial properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Design, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications)
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Review

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40 pages, 8619 KiB  
Review
Polymer-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles for Protein Immobilization
by Kinga Mylkie, Pawel Nowak, Patryk Rybczynski and Marta Ziegler-Borowska
Materials 2021, 14(2), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14020248 - 06 Jan 2021
Cited by 61 | Viewed by 6990
Abstract
Since their discovery, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have become materials with great potential, especially considering the applications of biomedical sciences. A series of works on the preparation, characterization, and application of MNPs has shown that the biological activity of such materials depends on their [...] Read more.
Since their discovery, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have become materials with great potential, especially considering the applications of biomedical sciences. A series of works on the preparation, characterization, and application of MNPs has shown that the biological activity of such materials depends on their size, shape, core, and shell nature. Some of the most commonly used MNPs are those based on a magnetite core. On the other hand, synthetic biopolymers are used as a protective surface coating for these nanoparticles. This review describes the advances in the field of polymer-coated MNPs for protein immobilization over the past decade. General methods of MNP preparation and protein immobilization are presented. The most extensive section of this article discusses the latest work on the use of polymer-coated MNPs for the physical and chemical immobilization of three types of proteins: enzymes, antibodies, and serum proteins. Where possible, the effectiveness of the immobilization and the activity and use of the immobilized protein are reported. Finally, the information available in the peer-reviewed literature and the application perspectives for the MNP-immobilized protein systems are summarized as well. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Design, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications)
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14 pages, 791 KiB  
Review
Biomedical Applications of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Metal Nanoparticles
by Roberto Canaparo, Federica Foglietta, Tania Limongi and Loredana Serpe
Materials 2021, 14(1), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14010053 - 24 Dec 2020
Cited by 104 | Viewed by 6150
Abstract
The design, synthesis and characterization of new nanomaterials represents one of the most dynamic and transversal aspects of nanotechnology applications in the biomedical field. New synthetic and engineering improvements allow the design of a wide range of biocompatible nanostructured materials (NSMs) and nanoparticles [...] Read more.
The design, synthesis and characterization of new nanomaterials represents one of the most dynamic and transversal aspects of nanotechnology applications in the biomedical field. New synthetic and engineering improvements allow the design of a wide range of biocompatible nanostructured materials (NSMs) and nanoparticles (NPs) which, with or without additional chemical and/or biomolecular surface modifications, are more frequently employed in applications for successful diagnostic, drug delivery and therapeutic procedures. Metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs) including metal NPs, metal oxide NPs, quantum dots (QDs) and magnetic NPs, thanks to their physical and chemical properties have gained much traction for their functional use in biomedicine. In this review it is highlighted how the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in many respects could be considered a negative aspect of the interaction of MNPs with biological matter, may be a surprising nanotechnology weapon. From the exchange of knowledge between branches such as materials science, nanotechnology, engineering, biochemistry and medicine, researchers and clinicians are setting and standardizing treatments by tuning ROS production to induce cancer or microbial cell death. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Design, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications)
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17 pages, 3121 KiB  
Review
A Short Review on Biomedical Applications of Nanostructured Bismuth Oxide and Related Nanomaterials
by Mattia Bartoli, Pravin Jagdale and Alberto Tagliaferro
Materials 2020, 13(22), 5234; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225234 - 19 Nov 2020
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 3555
Abstract
In this review, we reported the main achievements reached by using bismuth oxides and related materials for biological applications. We overviewed the complex chemical behavior of bismuth during the transformation of its compounds to oxide and bismuth oxide phase transitions. Afterward, we summarized [...] Read more.
In this review, we reported the main achievements reached by using bismuth oxides and related materials for biological applications. We overviewed the complex chemical behavior of bismuth during the transformation of its compounds to oxide and bismuth oxide phase transitions. Afterward, we summarized the more relevant studies regrouped into three categories based on the use of bismuth species: (i) active drugs, (ii) diagnostic and (iii) theragnostic. We hope to provide a complete overview of the great potential of bismuth oxides in biological environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Design, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications)
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