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Modification of Materials with Ion/Plasma Beams
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Modification of Materials with Ion/Plasma Beams

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2022) | Viewed by 7652

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marek Barlak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock, Poland
Interests: material engineering; surface modification; ion implantation; high-intensity plasma beams; electron beams
Dr. Jacek Wilkowski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Processing of Wood, Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Interests: wood; fiber; wood composite; machining process

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The use of continuous or pulsed beams of ions or plasmas has become general practice in many different areas of industry. They are used, for example, in the modification of material properties by the annealing of crystal lattice defects, quenching, remelting, the synthesis of new phases or new materials, the synthesis of non-equilibrium structures, the formation of surface morphology, and the improvement of materials’ features. They are also used to improve the properties of ready-made tools.

New applications of these non-stoichiometric methods which have been known for decades are still being discovered in the mechanical, electronics, and medical industries, etc.

This Special Issue will present current investigations and applications of ion and/or plasma beams in the material engineering field. It will provide an opportunity to present new, often unconventional, applications of these methods in the different fields of our life.

Long review papers containing new findings and perspectives are also welcomed for this Special Issue, in addition to classic scientific articles.

I cordially invite you to present your experience and investigation results on the modification of materials with ions or plasma.

Dr. Marek Barlak
Dr. Jacek Wilkowski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ion implantation
  • plasma treatment
  • modification of material surfaces by ion and/or plasma beams
  • improving material/tool features
  • synthesis of new materials
  • synthesis of non-equilibrium structures
  • new applications
  • perspectives of the using ion and/or plasma beams

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2694 KiB  
Article
Effect of Nitrogen Ion Implantation on the Tool Life Used in Particleboard CNC Drilling
by Jacek Wilkowski, Albina Jegorowa, Marek Barlak, Zbigniew Werner, Jerzy Zagórski, Bogdan Staszkiewicz, Jarosław Kurek and Michał Kruk
Materials 2022, 15(10), 3420; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15103420 - 10 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1264
Abstract
The paper presents the effect of nitrogen ion implantation on the tool life of the tools commonly used in the furniture industry for drilling particleboards. Nitrogen ions with different accelerating voltages of 25, 40, 55, and 70 kV and a fluence of 5 [...] Read more.
The paper presents the effect of nitrogen ion implantation on the tool life of the tools commonly used in the furniture industry for drilling particleboards. Nitrogen ions with different accelerating voltages of 25, 40, 55, and 70 kV and a fluence of 5 × 1017 cm−2 were implanted into the surface of commercially available high-speed steel (HSS) drills, using the implanters without mass-separated ion beams. The tests were carried out in a computerized numerical control (CNC) machining center used in the furniture industry. Based on the measurements of the direct tool wear indicator (W), the drill wear curves were determined and the relative tool life index, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and the implantation quality index of tool life were calculated. The studies have shown that the modification of the drill surface layer by the nitrogen ion implantation process increases the tool life. The obtained results allow the research to be the continued in a wider scope. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modification of Materials with Ion/Plasma Beams)
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14 pages, 3970 KiB  
Article
Controllable Preparation of Spherical Molybdenum Nano-Powders by One-Step Reduction of APM in Radio Frequency Hydrogen Plasma
by Xiaoping Liu, Kuaishe Wang, Qiang Chen, Bing Zhang, Pengcheng Hao, Yuhao Wang and Qiang Wang
Materials 2022, 15(6), 2019; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15062019 - 9 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2136
Abstract
Spherical molybdenum nano-powders were in-situ ultrafast synthesized from ammonium paramolybdate (APM) raw materials in a one-step reduction method by radio frequency (RF) hydrogen plasma. Due to the extreme conditions of the RF plasma torch such as its high temperature and large temperature gradient, [...] Read more.
Spherical molybdenum nano-powders were in-situ ultrafast synthesized from ammonium paramolybdate (APM) raw materials in a one-step reduction method by radio frequency (RF) hydrogen plasma. Due to the extreme conditions of the RF plasma torch such as its high temperature and large temperature gradient, the injected raw APM powder was quickly gasified and then reduced into nano-sized metal molybdenum (Mo) powder. The influences of APM powder delivery rate and H2 concentration on the properties of the obtained powders were investigated. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nanolaser particle analyzer, and specific surface area method were used to characterize the morphology, phase, and particle size distribution of the powders. The results showed that the nano-sized Mo powder obtained by hydrogen plasma treatment had a quasi-spherical morphology and an average particle size of about 30 nm. The particle size could be successfully adjusted by varying H2 concentrations. In addition, spherical nano-sized MoO3 powder could be obtained when no H2 was added into the RF plasma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modification of Materials with Ion/Plasma Beams)
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15 pages, 6537 KiB  
Article
The Analysis of Erosive Wear Resistance of WC-Co Carbides Obtained by Spark Plasma Sintering Method
by Joanna Wachowicz, Tomasz Dembiczak, Grzegorz Stradomski, Zbigniew Bałaga, Joanna Jasińska, Dariusz Rydz, Jacek Wilkowski and Marcin Dyner
Materials 2021, 14(23), 7326; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237326 - 30 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1808
Abstract
WC-Co (tungsten carbide-cobalt) composites are widely used in industry, wear-resistant parts, and cutting tools. As successful tool materials, WC-Co carbides are widely applied in metal cutting, wear applications, chipless forming, stoneworking, wood, and plastic working. These materials are exposed to severe solid particle [...] Read more.
WC-Co (tungsten carbide-cobalt) composites are widely used in industry, wear-resistant parts, and cutting tools. As successful tool materials, WC-Co carbides are widely applied in metal cutting, wear applications, chipless forming, stoneworking, wood, and plastic working. These materials are exposed to severe solid particle erosion by sand particles, such as in the wood industry. During the production of furniture with HDF (High Density Fibreboard), MDF (Medium Density Fibreboard), or OSB (Oriented Strand Board), there are observed problems with tool erosion. Contamination, mainly of the HDF by sand, is quite often, which is why all tools used for the machining of such materials are exposed to erosion by sand particles. Although many studies have been performed on the erosion of various metals, and erosion models exist to predict their erosion behavior, the issue is still relevant. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of grain size (submicron, ultrafine) and the manufacturing technology (SPS—Spark Plasma Sintering, conventional) used on the erosive properties of WC-Co sintered carbides. Sinters produced by the SPS method with different sizes of WC grains and commercial samples were used for the tests. Ten two-hour cycles were carried out under medium conditions of quartz sand and quartz sand with 10% SiC added. Used samples were characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and roughness was determined. Furthermore, erosion studies allowed individuating a wear mechanism as well as the possibility to foresee cutting performance in prospective application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modification of Materials with Ion/Plasma Beams)
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Graphical abstract

16 pages, 3238 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Different Plasma Cell Discharges on the Performance Quality of Surgical Gown Samples
by Atif H. Asghar and Ahmed Rida Galaly
Materials 2021, 14(15), 4329; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14154329 - 3 Aug 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1744
Abstract
An experimental study was performed on a low-density plasma discharge using two different configurations of the plasma cell cathode, namely, the one mesh system electrodes (OMSE) and the one mesh and three system electrodes (OMTSE), to determine the electrical characteristics of the plasma [...] Read more.
An experimental study was performed on a low-density plasma discharge using two different configurations of the plasma cell cathode, namely, the one mesh system electrodes (OMSE) and the one mesh and three system electrodes (OMTSE), to determine the electrical characteristics of the plasma such as current–voltage characteristics, breakdown voltage (VB), Paschen curves, current density (J), cathode fall thickness (dc), and electron density of the treated sample. The influence of the electrical characteristics of the plasma fluid in the cathode fall region for different cathode configuration cells (OMSE and OMTSE) on the performance quality of a surgical gown was studied to determine surface modification, treatment efficiency, exposure time, wettability property, and mechanical properties. Over a very short exposure time, the treatment efficiency for the surgical gown surface of plasma over the mesh cathode at a distance equivalent to the cathode fall distance dc values of the OMTSE and for OMSE reached a maximum. The wettability property decreased from 90 to 40% for OMTSE over a 180 s exposure time and decreased from 90 to 10% for OMSE over a 160 s exposure time. The mechanisms of each stage of surgical gown treatment by plasma are described. In this study, the mechanical properties of the untreated and treated surgical gown samples such as the tensile strength and elongation percentage, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, strain hardening, resilience, toughness, and fracture (breaking) point were studied. Plasma had a more positive effect on the mechanical properties of the OMSE reactor than those of the OMTSE reactor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modification of Materials with Ion/Plasma Beams)
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