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State-of-the-Art Functional Materials and Nanomaterials in Asia 2023-2024

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2024 | Viewed by 12590

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Prof. Dr. Sergei A. Kulinich

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Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Kanagawa, Japan
Interests: superhydrophobicity; hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces; ice-phobicity; anti-icing; hydrophilicity; laser ablation in liquid; nanomaterials and their characterization; thin films and coatings; anticorrosive coatings on aluminum; conversion coatings on aluminum; chemiresistive gas sensors; semiconductor nanoparticles
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Dr. Valery A. Svetlichnyi

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Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, Siberian Physical-Technical Institute, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
Interests: high-power laser excitation; pulsed laser ablation; laser spectroscopy; nonlinear optics of dyes and crystals; synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials; photocatalysis; biomedical applications of nanoparticles; surface and sensoric properties of nanostructures
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Dr. Aleksandr Kuchmizhak

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Institute of Automation and Control Processes of FEB RAS, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
Interests: laser material processing; laser ablation in liquids; plasmonics; optical sensors
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Dr. Mitsuhiro Honda

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Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
Interests: nanomaterials; plasmonics; photocatalysis; pulsed laser ablation in liquid; energy and environmental applications
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

After our successful first volume of the Special Issue “State-of-the-Art Functional Materials and Nanomaterials in Asia 2021–2022”, we have decided to make a series of special issues which aims to provide a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art of functional materials and nanomaterials in Asia. We invite research papers that will consolidate our understanding in this area. The Special Issue will publish full research articles and systematic reviews. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following research areas:

Synthesis of nanomaterials through novel methods;
Design and synthesis of molecular precursors for nanomaterials;
Colloidal synthesis of 0D nanoparticles (metal, oxides, sulfides, semiconductors, and so on);
2D materials, 1D nanofibers, and special nanostructured materials;
Nanostructured materials or composites for photocatalysis and electrocatalysis;
Fabrication of nanomaterials-based devices (solar cells, LEDs, batteries, supercapacitors, gas and light sensors, transistors, etc.);
In situ technology to investigate the reaction mechanism of nanomaterials in potential applications.

It is our pleasure to invite you to submit manuscripts on the subject “State-of-the-Art Functional Materials and Nanomaterials in Asia 2023–2024” for this Special Issue. Full papers and communications, as well as comprehensive reviews, are welcome. Please feel free to contact us, the guest editors, in case of further questions.

Prof. Dr. Sergei Kulinich
Dr. Valery A. Svetlichnyi
Dr. Aleksandr Kuchmizhak
Dr. Mitsuhiro Honda
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

advanced materials
novel nanomaterials
molecular nanostructures
physical, chemical, and biological methods for nanomaterial preparation
optical, photovoltaic, catalytic, sensing, antibacterial properties
structure-properties relationship
nanostructure
nanotechnology

Published Papers (12 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 3871 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sputtering-Deposited Ultra-Thin Ag–Cu Films on Non-Woven Fabrics for Face Masks with Antimicrobial Function and Breath NO_x Response

by Xuemei Huang, Qiao Hu, Jia Li, Wenqing Yao, Chun Wang, Yun Feng and Weijie Song

Materials 2024, 17(7), 1574; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071574 - 29 Mar 2024

Viewed by 477

Abstract

The multifunctional development in the field of face masks and the growing demand for scalable manufacturing have become increasingly prominent. In this study, we utilized high-vacuum magnetron sputtering technology to deposit a 5 nm ultra-thin Ag–Cu film on non-woven fabric and fabricated ultra-thin Ag–Cu film face masks. The antibacterial rates against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 99.996% and 99.978%, respectively, while the antiviral activity against influenza A virus H1N1 was 99.02%. Furthermore, the mask’s ability to monitor respiratory system diseases was achieved through color change (from brownish-yellow to grey-white). The low cost and scalability potential of ultra-thin silver–copper film masks offer new possibilities for practical applications of multifunctional masks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Functional Materials and Nanomaterials in Asia 2023-2024)

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13 pages, 4390 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Theoretical Prediction and Experimental Synthesis of Zr₃AC₂ (A = Cd, Sb) Phases

by Jia Luo, Fengjuan Zhang, Bo Wen, Qiqiang Zhang, Longsheng Chu, Yanchun Zhou, Qingguo Feng and Chunfeng Hu

Materials 2024, 17(7), 1556; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071556 - 28 Mar 2024

Viewed by 384

Abstract

MAX phases have great research value and application prospects, but it is challenging to synthesize the MAX phases containing Cd and Sb for the time being. In this paper, we confirmed the existence of the 312 MAX phases of Zr₃CdC₂ and Zr₃SbC₂, both from theoretical calculations and experimental synthesis. The Zr₃AC₂ (A = Cd, Sb) phase was predicted by the first-principles calculations, and the two MAX phases were confirmed to meet the requests of thermal, thermodynamic, and mechanical stabilities using formation energy, phonon dispersion, and the Born–Huang criteria. Their theoretical mechanical properties were also systematically investigated. It was found that the elastic moduli of Zr₃CdC₂ and Zr₃SbC₂ were 162.8 GPa and 164.3 GPa, respectively. Then, differences in the mechanical properties of Zr₃AC₂ (A = Cd, In, Sn, and Sb) were explained using bond layouts and charge transfers. The low theoretical Vickers hardness of the Zr₃CdC₂ (5.4 GPa) and Zr₃SbC₂ (4.3 GPa) phases exhibited excellent machinability. Subsequently, through spark plasma sintering, composites containing Zr₃CdC₂ and Zr₃SbC₂ phases were successfully synthesized at the temperatures of 850 °C and 1300 °C, respectively. The optimal molar ratio of Zr:Cd/Sb:C was determined as 3:1.5:1.5. SEM and the EDS results analysis confirmed the typical layered microstructure of Zr₃CdC₂ and Zr₃SbC₂ grains. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Functional Materials and Nanomaterials in Asia 2023-2024)

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17 pages, 2457 KiB

Open AccessArticle

La₂O₃-CeO₂-Supported Bimetallic Cu-Ni DRM Catalysts

by Pavel K. Putanenko, Natalia V. Dorofeeva, Tamara S. Kharlamova, Maria V. Grabchenko, Sergei A. Kulinich and Olga V. Vodyankina

Materials 2023, 16(24), 7701; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16247701 - 18 Dec 2023

Viewed by 745

Abstract

The present work is focused on nickel catalysts supported on La₂O₃-CeO₂ binary oxides without and with the addition of Cu to the active component for the dry reforming of methane (DRM). The catalysts are characterized using XRD, XRF, TPD-CO₂, TPR-H₂, and low-temperature N₂ adsorption–desorption methods. This work shows the effect of different La:Ce ratios (1:1 and 9:1) and the Cu addition on the structural, acid base, and catalytic properties of Ni-containing systems. The binary LaCeO_x oxide at a ratio of La:Ce = 1:1 is characterized by the formation of a solid solution with a fluorite structure, which is preserved upon the introduction of mono- or bimetallic particles. At La:Ce = 9:1, La₂O₃ segregation from the solid solution structure is observed, and the La excess determines the nature of the precursor of the active component, i.e., lanthanum nickelate. The catalysts based on LaCeO_x (1:1) are prone to carbonization during 6 h spent on-stream with the formation of carbon nanotubes. The Cu addition facilitates the reduction of the Cu-Ni catalyst carbonization and increases the number of structural defects in the carbon deposition products. The lanthanum-enriched LaCeO_x (9:1) support prevents the accumulation of carbon deposition products on the surface of CuNi/La₂O₃-CeO₂ 9:1, providing high DRM activity and an H₂/CO ratio of 0.9. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Functional Materials and Nanomaterials in Asia 2023-2024)

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25 pages, 8190 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Investigation of Modular Composable Acoustic Metamaterials with Multiple Nonunique Chambers

by Xiaocui Yang, Xinmin Shen, Daochun Hu, Xiaoyong Wang, Haichao Song, Rongxing Zhao, Chunmei Zhang, Cheng Shen and Mengna Yang

Materials 2023, 16(24), 7627; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16247627 - 13 Dec 2023

Viewed by 742

Abstract

To make the sound absorber easy to fabricate and convenient for practical application, a modular composable acoustic metamaterial with multiple nonunique chambers (MCAM–MNCs) was proposed and investigated, which was divided into a front panel with the same perforated apertures and a rear chamber with a nonunique grouped cavity. Through the acoustic finite element simulation, the parametric studies of the diameter of aperture d, depth of chamber T0, and thickness of panel t0 were conducted, which could tune the sound absorption performances of MCAM–MNCs–1 and MCAM–MNCs–2 for the expected noise reduction effect. The effective sound absorption band of MCAM–MNCs–1 was 556 Hz (773–1329 Hz), 456 Hz (646–1102 Hz), and 387 Hz (564–951 Hz) for T = 30 mm, T = 40 mm, and T = 50 mm, respectively, and the corresponding average sound absorption coefficient was 0.8696, 0.8854, and 0.8916, accordingly, which exhibited excellent noise attenuation performance. The sound absorption mechanism of MCAM–MNCs was investigated by the distributions of the total sound energy density (TSED). The components used to assemble the MCAM–MNCs sample were fabricated by additive manufacturing, and its actual sound absorption coefficients were tested according to the transfer matrix method, which demonstrated its feasibility and promoted its actual application. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Functional Materials and Nanomaterials in Asia 2023-2024)

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12 pages, 5190 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Cast Cu-10 wt%Fe Alloy via Single-Pass Friction Stir Processing

by Xiaobo Yuan, Hui Wang, Ruilin Lai and Yunping Li

Materials 2023, 16(21), 7057; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16217057 - 06 Nov 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 744

Abstract

In this study, Cu-10 wt% Fe alloy in as-cast state was modified using friction stir processing (FSP). The microstructure evolution of Cu-10 wt% Fe alloys in different states was characterized in detail using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that due to dynamic recrystallization, the FSPed Cu-10 wt% Fe alloy obtained a uniformly equiaxed ultrafine microstructure with low density of dislocation, high proportion of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs), and high degree of recrystallization. Fine equiaxed grains with an average size of 0.6 μm were produced after FSP. Many fine-precipitate Fe-phases with an average size of 20 nm were uniformly distributed in the Cu matrix. The FSPed samples possessed excellent mechanical properties, such as high Vickers hardness (163.5 HV), ultimate tensile strength (538.5 MPa), and good elongation (16%). This single-pass FSP method does not require subsequent aging treatment and provides a simple and efficient way to improve the properties of Cu-Fe alloys. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Functional Materials and Nanomaterials in Asia 2023-2024)

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21 pages, 5354 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on a Hexagonal Acoustic Metamaterial Cell of Multiple Parallel-Connection Resonators with Tunable Perforating Rate

by Hongxiang Cheng, Fei Yang, Xinmin Shen, Xiaocui Yang, Xiaonan Zhang and Shaohua Bi

Materials 2023, 16(15), 5378; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16155378 - 31 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 940

Abstract

The limited occupied space and various noise spectrum requires an adjustable sound absorber with a smart structure and tunable sound absorption performance. The hexagonal acoustic metamaterial cell of the multiple parallel-connection resonators with tunable perforating rate was proposed in this research, which consisted of six triangular cavities and six trapezium cavities, and the perforation rate of each cavity was adjustable by moving the sliding block along the slideway. The optimal geometric parameters were obtained by the joint optimization of the acoustic finite element simulation and cuckoo search algorithm, and the average sound absorption coefficients in the target frequency ranges of 650–1150 Hz, 700–1200 Hz and 700–1000 Hz were up to 0.8565, 0.8615 and 0.8807, respectively. The experimental sample was fabricated by the fused filament fabrication method, and its sound absorption coefficients were further detected by impedance tube detector. The consistency between simulation data and experimental data proved the accuracy of the acoustic finite element simulation model and the effectiveness of the joint optimization method. The tunable sound absorption performance, outstanding low-frequency noise reduction property, extensible outline structure and efficient space utilization were favorable to promote its practical applications in noise reduction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Functional Materials and Nanomaterials in Asia 2023-2024)

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18 pages, 13748 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation on the Short-Term Aging Scheme for High Viscosity Modified Bitumen

by Chengwei Xing, Juze Qin, Zhiqiang Cheng, Mingchen Li and Qingbing Lu

Materials 2023, 16(11), 3910; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16113910 - 23 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 853

Abstract

Due to the highly viscous characteristics of high viscosity modified bitumen (HVMB), the commonly used short-term aging schemes are not suitable for it. As such, the objective of this study is to introduce a suitable short-term aging scheme for HVMB by increasing the aging period and temperature. For this purpose, two kinds of commercial HVMB were aged via rolling thin-film oven test (RTFOT) and thin-film oven test (TFOT) at different aging periods and temperatures. At the same time, open-graded friction course (OGFC) mixtures prepared using HVMB were also aged via two aging schemes to simulate the short-term aging of bitumen at the mixing plant. With the aid of temperature sweep, frequency sweep, and multiple stress creep recovery tests, the rheological properties of short-term aged bitumen and the extracted bitumen were tested. By comparing the rheological properties of TFOT- and RTFOT-aged bitumen with those of extracted bitumen, suitable laboratory short-term aging schemes for HVMB were determined. Comparative results showed that aging the OGFC mixture in a 175 °C forced-draft oven for 2 h is suitable to simulate the short-term aging process of bitumen at the mixing plant. Compared with RTOFT, TFOT was more preferable for HVMB. Additionally, the recommended aging period and temperature for TFOT was 5 h and 178 °C, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Functional Materials and Nanomaterials in Asia 2023-2024)

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14 pages, 26007 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Artifact-Free Microstructures in the Interfacial Reaction between Eutectic In-48Sn and Cu Using Ion Milling

by Fu-Ling Chang, Yu-Hsin Lin, Han-Tang Hung, Chen-Wei Kao and C. R. Kao

Materials 2023, 16(9), 3290; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093290 - 22 Apr 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1060

Abstract

Eutectic In-48Sn was considered a promising candidate for low-temperature solder due to its low melting point and excellent mechanical properties. Both Cu₂(In,Sn) and Cu(In,Sn)₂ formation were observed at the In-48Sn/Cu interface after 160 °C soldering. However, traditional mechanical polishing produces many defects at the In-48Sn/Cu interface, which may affect the accuracy of interfacial reaction investigations. In this study, cryogenic broad Ar⁺ beam ion milling was used to investigate the interfacial reaction between In-48Sn and Cu during soldering. The phase Cu₆(Sn,In)₅ was confirmed as the only intermetallic compound formed during 150 °C soldering, while Cu(In,Sn)₂ formation was proven to be caused by room-temperature aging after soldering. Both the Cu₆(Sn,In)₅ and Cu(In,Sn)₂ phases were confirmed by EPMA quantitative analysis and TEM selected area electron diffraction. The microstructure evolution and growth mechanism of Cu₆(Sn,In)₅ during soldering were proposed. In addition, the Young’s modulus and hardness of Cu₆(Sn,In)₅ were determined to be 119.04 ± 3.94 GPa and 6.28 ± 0.13 GPa, respectively, suggesting that the doping of In in Cu₆(Sn,In)₅ has almost no effect on Young’s modulus and hardness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Functional Materials and Nanomaterials in Asia 2023-2024)

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10 pages, 7918 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Surface-Dependent Hydrogen Evolution Activity of Copper Foil

by Ling-Jie Kong, Xin-Zhuo Hu, Chuan-Qi Chen, Sergei A. Kulinich and Xi-Wen Du

Materials 2023, 16(5), 1777; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16051777 - 21 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1316

Abstract

Single-crystal planes are ideal platforms for catalytic research. In this work, rolled copper foils with predominantly (220) planes were used as the starting material. By using temperature gradient annealing, which caused grain recrystallization in the foils, they were transformed to those with (200) planes. In acidic solution, the overpotential of such a foil (10 mA cm⁻²) was found to be 136 mV lower than that of a similar rolled copper foil. The calculation results show that hollow sites formed on the (200) plane have the highest hydrogen adsorption energy and are active centers for hydrogen evolution. Thus, this work clarifies the catalytic activity of specific sites on the copper surface and demonstrates the critical role of surface engineering in designing catalytic properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Functional Materials and Nanomaterials in Asia 2023-2024)

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13 pages, 4827 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Crystal and Electronic Structures of New Two Dimensional 3-NH₃-PyPbX₄ Haloplumbate Materials

by Nikita Selivanov, Ruslan Kevorkyants, Alexei Emeline and Constantinos C. Stoumpos

Materials 2023, 16(1), 353; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010353 - 30 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1487

Abstract

In this study, we explored both the crystal and electronic structures of new synthesized materials 3-NH₃-PyPbX₄ (X = Br, I). Both compounds are isostructural, and they crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c, with four formula units in the unit cell. According to the analysis of their electronic structures, both compounds are direct semiconductors with direct transitions between valence and conduction bands occurring at the k-points A, Z, and at about half of the distance between the k-points D/D1 and D1/E. An inspection of DOS reveals that, in both perovskites, the highest energy VBs are comprised mainly of electronic states of halogen anions, while the lowest states in the conduction band originate from lead orbitals. In addition, there are two flat bands composed of electronic states of carbon and nitrogen originating from the organic subsystems and presumably corresponding to the π* orbitals of 3-NH₃-C₅H₆N cations. Both materials demonstrate a broad luminescence emission. Two mechanisms of the radiative relaxation based on either self-trapped excitons or on charge transfers between inorganic and organic subsystems are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Functional Materials and Nanomaterials in Asia 2023-2024)

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13 pages, 6233 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of h-BN Support on Photoluminescence of ZnO Nanoparticles: Experimental and Theoretical Insight

by Danil V. Barilyuk, Ekaterina V. Sukhanova, Zakhar I. Popov, Artem A. Korol, Anton S. Konopatsky and Dmitry V. Shtansky

Materials 2022, 15(24), 8759; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15248759 - 08 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1555

Abstract

Herein we report a simple and easily scalable method for fabricating ZnO/h-BN composites with tunable photoluminescence (PL) characteristics. The h-BN support significantly enhances the ultraviolet (UV) emission of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), which is explained by the ZnO/h-BN interaction and the change in the electronic structure of the ZnO surface. When h-BN NPs are replaced with h-BN microparticles, the PL in the UV region increases, which is accompanied by a decrease in visible light emission. The dependence of the PL properties of ZnO NPs on the thickness of h-BN carriers, observed for the first time, is explained by a change in the dielectric constant of the support. A quantum chemical analysis of the influence of the h-BN thickness on the electron density redistribution at the wZnO/h-BN interface and on the optical properties of the wZnO/h-BN composites was carried out. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show the appearance of hybridization at the h-BN/wZnO interface and an increase in the intensity of absorption peaks with an increase in the number of h-BN layers. The obtained results open new possibilities for controlling the properties of ZnO/h-BN heterostructures for various optical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Functional Materials and Nanomaterials in Asia 2023-2024)

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Review

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20 pages, 2762 KiB

Open AccessReview

Advanced Photocatalysts for CO₂ Conversion by Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD)

by Saeid Akrami, Tatsumi Ishihara, Masayoshi Fuji and Kaveh Edalati

Materials 2023, 16(3), 1081; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16031081 - 26 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1456

Abstract

Excessive CO₂ emission from fossil fuel usage has resulted in global warming and environmental crises. To solve this problem, the photocatalytic conversion of CO₂ to CO or useful components is a new strategy that has received significant attention. The main challenge in this regard is exploring photocatalysts with high efficiency for CO₂ photoreduction. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) through the high-pressure torsion (HPT) process has been effectively used in recent years to develop novel active catalysts for CO₂ conversion. These active photocatalysts have been designed based on four main strategies: (i) oxygen vacancy and strain engineering, (ii) stabilization of high-pressure phases, (iii) synthesis of defective high-entropy oxides, and (iv) synthesis of low-bandgap high-entropy oxynitrides. These strategies can enhance the photocatalytic efficiency compared with conventional and benchmark photocatalysts by improving CO₂ adsorption, increasing light absorbance, aligning the band structure, narrowing the bandgap, accelerating the charge carrier migration, suppressing the recombination rate of electrons and holes, and providing active sites for photocatalytic reactions. This article reviews recent progress in the application of SPD to develop functional ceramics for photocatalytic CO₂ conversion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Functional Materials and Nanomaterials in Asia 2023-2024)

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