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Directional Solidification of Alloys and Advanced Wear-Resistant Materials
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Directional Solidification of Alloys and Advanced Wear-Resistant Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 May 2023) | Viewed by 8160

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Shengqiang Ma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Interests: biodegradable metal materials; microstructures; properties; biodegradable coatings; numerical simulation; deformation; sintering; bio-porous materials; surface modification; bio-active composites; bio-alloys; biocompatibility; antimicrobial surfaces; surface bioactivity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Directional solidification is a crucial process to acquire tailored microstructure and desired properties of alloys, e.g., lamellar structures, grain size, oriented hard phases or compounds, Friction lubrication interface, and simultaneously promoting their related excellent performances, such as wear, mechanical and corrosion properties, etc. Moreover, the heat treatment of directionally solidified alloys may result in particular precipitates, especially for the morphologies, size and distribution of precipitates, thus leading to unique properties. The directional alloys or coatings overlaid on directional solidification alloys can also generate extraordinary properties or micro-interfaces, which may improve corrosion, oxidation, wear and lubrication performances.

Advanced directionally solidified alloys should demonstrate diversified functions during wear and corrosion conditions. Structurally achieved functions depend on directional solidification parameters and features including lamellar spacing, orientation of hard phase, thickness of columnar compounds, orientation of precipitates, etc. Functions in performance may cover strength, stiffness, thermal shock, fracture toughness, oxidation resistance, etc. Both microstructures and properties of directionally solidified alloys as well as their relationships should be understood and revealed in detail.

This Special Issue aims at the microstructural characters and properties of directional solidification alloys and their wear resistance, including the worn surface and interfaces. The simulation works are also included in this field.

Prof. Shengqiang Ma
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • directional solidication
  • laminated alloy
  • orientation relationship
  • hard phase
  • wear resistance
  • lamellar structure
  • columnar grain
  • oriented prepicipation
  • heat treatment
  • structural simulation of directional solidication

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 6865 KiB  
Article
Effects of Boride Orientation and Si Content on High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Directionally Solidified Fe–B Alloys
by Pengjia Guo, Shengqiang Ma, Xuebin He, Ping Lv, Yang Luo, Junhong Jia, Xudong Cui, Liujie Xu and Jiandong Xing
Materials 2022, 15(21), 7819; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217819 - 05 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1206
Abstract
In this work, the as-cast directionally solidified (DS) Fe–B alloys with various Si contents and different boride orientation were designed and fabricated, and the as-cast microstructures and static oxidation behaviors of the DS Fe–B alloys were investigated extensively. The as-cast microstructure of the [...] Read more.
In this work, the as-cast directionally solidified (DS) Fe–B alloys with various Si contents and different boride orientation were designed and fabricated, and the as-cast microstructures and static oxidation behaviors of the DS Fe–B alloys were investigated extensively. The as-cast microstructure of the DS Fe–B alloys consists of the well-oriented Fe2B columnar grains and α-Fe, which are strongly refined by Si addition. The oxidation interface of the scales in the DS Fe–B alloy with 3.50 wt.% Si demonstrates an obvious saw-tooth shaped structure and is embedded into the alternating distributed columnar layer structures of the DS Fe–B alloy with oriented Fe2B and α-Fe matrix, which is beneficial to improve the anti-peeling performance of the oxide film compared with lower amounts of Si addition in DS Fe–B alloys with oriented Fe2B [002] orientation parallel to the oxidation direction (i.e., oxidation diffusion direction, labeled as Fe2B// sample). In the DS Fe–B alloys with oriented Fe2B [002] orientation vertical to the oxidation direction (i.e., labeled as Fe2B⊥ sample), due to the blocking and barrier effect of laminated-structure boride, Si is mainly enriched in the lower part of the oxide film to form a dense SiO2 thin layer adhered to layered boride. As a result, the internal SiO2 thin layer plays an obstructed and shielded role in oxidation of the substrate, which hinders the further internal diffusion of oxygen ions and improves the anti-oxidation performance of the Fe2B⊥ sample, making the average anti-oxidation performance better than that of the Fe2B// sample. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Directional Solidification of Alloys and Advanced Wear-Resistant Materials)
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10 pages, 3830 KiB  
Article
Effect of Silicon Content on Microstructures and Properties of Directionally Solidified Fe-B Alloy
by Pengjia Guo, Shengqiang Ma, Xuebin He, Intizar Ali Shah, Ping Lv, Hantao Chen, Jiandong Xing, Liujie Xu and Jiankang Zhang
Materials 2022, 15(17), 5937; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15175937 - 27 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1335
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of Si content on the microstructures and properties of directionally solidified (DS) Fe-B alloy, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), and X-ray diffraction have been employed to investigate the as-cast microstructures of [...] Read more.
In order to investigate the effect of Si content on the microstructures and properties of directionally solidified (DS) Fe-B alloy, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), and X-ray diffraction have been employed to investigate the as-cast microstructures of DS Fe-B alloy. The results show that Si can strongly refine the columnar microstructures of the DS Fe-B alloy, and the columnar grain thickness of the oriented Fe2B is reduced with the increase of Si addition. In addition, Si is mainly distributed in the ferrite matrix, almost does not dissolve in boride, and seems to segregate in the center of the columnar ferrite to cause a strong solid solution strengthening and refinement effect on the matrix, thus raising the microhardness of the matrix and bulk hardness of the DS Fe-B alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Directional Solidification of Alloys and Advanced Wear-Resistant Materials)
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16 pages, 7033 KiB  
Article
Microstructure, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Si3N4/Mo-Laminated Composites
by Huaqiang Li, Wei Chen, Ziqiang Zhao, Zhaoxun Wang, Chen Zhang, Jinghui Gao and Lisheng Zhong
Materials 2022, 15(8), 2772; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082772 - 09 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1579
Abstract
(1) Background: the applications of ceramic materials in a friction pair and a moving pair are limited, just because of their poor toughness and unsatisfactory tribological characteristics. In view of this, Mo as a soft metal layer was added into a Si3 [...] Read more.
(1) Background: the applications of ceramic materials in a friction pair and a moving pair are limited, just because of their poor toughness and unsatisfactory tribological characteristics. In view of this, Mo as a soft metal layer was added into a Si3N4 matrix to improve its toughness and tribological characteristics. (2) Methods: The microstructure and metal/ceramic transition layer were examined using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Vickers hardness. Bending strength and fracture toughness were also measured. Tribological characteristics were obtained on the pin-on-disc wear tester. (3) Results: It can be found that the multilayer structure could improve the fracture toughness of laminated composite compared with single-phase Si3N4, but the bending strength was significantly reduced. Through microstructure observation, the transition layer of Si3N4/Mo-laminated composite was revealed as follows: Si3N4→MoSi2→Mo5Si3→Mo3Si→Mo. Moreover, the addition of the Mo interface to silicon nitride ceramic could not significantly improve the tribological properties of Si3N4 ceramic against titanium alloy in seawater, and the friction coefficients and wear rates of the sliding pairs increased with the increase in load. (4) Conclusions: The process failed to simultaneously improve the comprehensive mechanical properties and tribological performance of Si3N4 ceramic by adding Mo as the soft interfacial layer. However, the utilization of metal interfacial layers to enhance the toughness of ceramics was further recognized and has potential significance for the optimization of ceramic formulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Directional Solidification of Alloys and Advanced Wear-Resistant Materials)
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16 pages, 5562 KiB  
Article
Effect of Chromium on Microstructure and Oxidation Wear Behavior of High-Boron High-Speed Steel at Elevated Temperatures
by Pengjia Guo, Shengqiang Ma, Ming Jiao, Ping Lv, Jiandong Xing, Liujie Xu and Zhifu Huang
Materials 2022, 15(2), 557; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15020557 - 12 Jan 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1653
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of Cr content on the microstructures and oxidation wear properties of high-boron high-speed steel (HBHSS), so as to explore oxidation wear resistant materials (e.g., hot rollers), a scanning electron microscope, an X-ray diffractometer, an electron probe X-ray [...] Read more.
In order to investigate the effect of Cr content on the microstructures and oxidation wear properties of high-boron high-speed steel (HBHSS), so as to explore oxidation wear resistant materials (e.g., hot rollers), a scanning electron microscope, an X-ray diffractometer, an electron probe X-ray microanalysis and an oxidation wear test at elevated temperatures were employed to investigate worn surfaces and worn layers. The results showed that the addition of Cr resulted in the transformation of martensite into ferrite and pearlite, while the size of the grid morphology of borides in HBHSSs was refined. After oxidation wear, oxide scales were formed and the high-temperature oxidation wear resistance of HBHSSs was gradually improved with increased additions of Cr. Meanwhile, an interaction between temperature and load in HBHSSs during oxidation wear occurred, and the temperature had more influence on the oxidation wear properties of HBHSSs. SEM observations indicated that a uniform and compact oxide film of HBHSSs in the worn surface at elevated temperatures was generated on the worn surface, and the addition of Cr also reduced the thickness of oxides and inhibited the spallation of worn layers, which was attributed to improvements in microhardness and oxidation resistance of the matrix in HBHSSs. A synergistic effect of temperature and load in HBHSSs with various Cr additions may dominate the oxidation wear process and the formation and spallation of oxide films. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Directional Solidification of Alloys and Advanced Wear-Resistant Materials)
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16 pages, 17888 KiB  
Article
Effect of VN and TiB2-TiCx Reinforcement on Wear Behavior of Al 7075-Based Composites
by Yaping Bai, Jiale Wei, Naqing Lei, Jianping Li, Yongchun Guo and Mengmeng Liu
Materials 2021, 14(12), 3389; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14123389 - 18 Jun 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1651
Abstract
Al 7075 alloy, 15 wt.% VN/7075 composites, and 20 wt.% TiB2-TiCx/7075 composites were prepared by ball milling with subsequent hot-pressing sintering. The microstructure, hardness, and wear properties at room temperature to 200 °C of Al 7075-based composites with different [...] Read more.
Al 7075 alloy, 15 wt.% VN/7075 composites, and 20 wt.% TiB2-TiCx/7075 composites were prepared by ball milling with subsequent hot-pressing sintering. The microstructure, hardness, and wear properties at room temperature to 200 °C of Al 7075-based composites with different reinforcement phases were discussed. The grain uniformity degree values of 15 wt.% VN/7075 composites and 20 wt.% TiB2-TiCx/7075 composites were 0.25 and 0.13, respectively. The reinforcement phase was uniformly distributed in 15 wt.% VN/7075 composites and 20 wt.% TiB2-TiCx/7075 composites, almost no agglomeration occurred. The order of hardness was 20 wt.% TiB2-TiCx/7075 composites (270.2 HV) > 15 wt.% VN/7075 composites (119.5 HV) > Al 7075 (81.8 HV). At the same temperature, the friction coefficient of 15 wt.% VN/7075 composites was the lowest, while the volume wear rate of 20 wt.% TiB2-TiCx/7075 composites was the lowest. With the increase of temperature, the wear mechanism of Al 7075 changed from spalling wear to oxidation wear and adhesion wear. However, the wear mechanisms of 15 wt.% VN/7075 and 20 wt.% TiB2-TiCx/7075 composites changed from abrasive wear at room temperature to wear mechanism (oxidation wear, abrasive wear, and adhesive wear) at medium and low temperature. Comprehensive wear test results indicated that 20 wt.% TiB2-TiCx/7075 composites had excellent tribological properties at medium and low temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Directional Solidification of Alloys and Advanced Wear-Resistant Materials)
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