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Special Issue "Adsorbents and Their Applications (Second Volume)"

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Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: separation of elements; sorption; wastewater treatment; pectin-based biosorbent; ICP-AES and ICP MS analyses
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Dear Colleagues,

The continuous progress of civilization has spurred the development of various branches of industry. This has produced a variety different threats to the environment, including one of the biggest—the decline of clean water resources—which is also related to climate change. Fortunately, the growing awareness and sense of responsibility for the environment are imposing increasingly restrictive limits on pollutants in sewage and gases discharged into the environment. In general, zero liquid discharge or closed loop technologies are desirable. In the development of this type of technology, apart from membrane techniques, various types of sorbents are helpful. Every year, many articles on new sorbents are published, the most popular of which are biosorbents, due to their availability and low cost; various nanomaterials with high sorption capacities and good kinetics; and polymeric materials with specifically designed properties. The testing of these materials on real solutions is valuable because it allows the verification of the usefulness of the material in practice. Another important issue, unfortunately omitted in many tests, is the testing of sorbent desorption and regeneration and its disposal. These factors also determine the usability of the sorbent in real-world scenarios. The ideal sorbent should be cheap and highly selective and have good sorption capacity, chemical and mechanical resistance, and sorption kinetics. It should allow easy desorption and have a high adsorbate concentration factor, and the resulting by-product should be easy to manage. The number of sorption–desorption and regeneration cycles possible per portion of sorbent should be as high as possible.

The ideal sorbent does not yet exist. Research on new sorbents is therefore required and should aim to create sorbents that are close to the ideal as possible.

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Dr. Agata Jakóbik-Kolon
Guest Editor

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Research

Open AccessArticle

Large-Scale and Highly Efficient Production of Ultrafine PVA Fibers by Electro-Centrifugal Spinning for NH₃ Adsorption

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Materials 2023, 16(7), 2903; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072903 - 06 Apr 2023

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Abstract

Ultrafine Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers have an outstanding potential in various applications, especially in absorbing fields. In this manuscript, an electrostatic-field-assisted centrifugal spinning system was designed to improve the production efficiency of ultrafine PVA fibers from PVA aqueous solution for NH₃ adsorption. It was established that the fiber production efficiency using this self-designed system could be about 1000 times higher over traditional electrospinning system. The produced PVA fibers establish high morphology homogeneity. The impact of processing variables of the constructed spinning system including rotation speed, needle size, liquid feeding rate, and voltage on fiber morphology and diameter was systematically investigated by SEM studies. To acquire homogeneous ultrafine PVA fiber membranes, the orthogonal experiment was also conducted to optimize the spinning process parameters. The impact weight of different studied parameters on the spinning performance was thus provided. The experimental results showed that the morphology of micro/nano-fibers can be well controlled by adjusting the spinning process parameters. Ultrafine PVA fibers with the diameter of 2.55 μm were successfully obtained applying the parameters, including rotation speed (6500 rpm), needle size (0.51 mm), feeding rate (3000 mL h⁻¹), and voltage (20 kV). Furthermore, the obtained ultrafine PVA fiber mat was demonstrated to be capable of selectively adsorbing NH₃ gas relative to CO₂, thus making it promising for NH₃ storage and other environmental purification applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adsorbents and Their Applications (Second Volume))

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Open AccessArticle

Adsorption of Pyrethroids in Water by Calcined Shell Powder: Preparation, Characterization, and Mechanistic Analysis

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Materials 2023, 16(7), 2802; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072802 - 31 Mar 2023

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Abstract

Pyrethroids are common contaminants in water bodies. In this study, an efficient mussel shell-based adsorbent was prepared, the effects of factors (calcination temperature, calcination time, and sieved particle size) on the pyrethroid adsorption capacity from calcined shell powder were investigated via Box–Behnken design, and the prediction results of the model were verified. By characterizing (scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurements) the adsorbent before and after the optimized preparation process, the results showed that calcined shell powder had a loose and porous structure, and the main component of the shell powder under optimized condition was calcium oxide. The adsorption mechanism was also investigated, and the analysis of adsorption data showed that the Langmuir, pseudo second-order, and intra-particle diffusion models were more suitable for describing the adsorption process. The adsorbent had good adsorption potential for pyrethroids, the adsorption capacity of the two pesticides was 1.05 and 1.79 mg/g, and the removal efficiency was over 40 and 70% at the maximum initial concentration, respectively. Full article

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