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Marine Drugs
Special Issues
Anti-Microbial Compounds from Marine Sources
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Anti-Microbial Compounds from Marine Sources

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (7 February 2020) | Viewed by 21429

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Nobuhiro Koyama

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Microbial Chemistry and Medicinal Research Laboratories, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
Interests: natural products chemistry; chemical biology; metabolomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,                

Microbial infections have become more serious threats to human health due to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. In recent years, the development of new anti-infective agents has become urgently needed. Natural environments have proven to offer excellent sources of anti-microbial drugs. Notably, the Nobel Prize in this field was brought to scientists that contributed to the discovery of penicillin, streptomycin, and avermectin. Marine natural products have also been found to possess great chemical diversity associated with interesting biological activity, particularly with respect to anti-microbial compounds. They play a key role in compound screening as well as terrestrial natural products. In this Special Issue, we focus on the following topics to tackle infectious diseases: new screening strategies and methods; discovery of new sources and novel compounds from marine environments; their target identification; and mechanism of action studies.

For this Special Issue of Marine Drugs, I encourage scientists to submit their latest research findings in this area. I expect that this will contribute to future drug discovery efforts in infectious diseases.

Dr. Nobuhiro Koyama
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • anti-microbial compounds
  • anti-infectives
  • marine sources
  • target identification
  • mechanism of action

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 4130 KiB  
Article
Antibacterial and Antiviral Activities of Local Thai Green Macroalgae Crude Extracts in Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
by Nawanith Klongklaew, Jantana Praiboon, Montakarn Tamtin and Prapansak Srisapoome
Mar. Drugs 2020, 18(3), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/md18030140 - 27 Feb 2020
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 4689
Abstract
Macroalgae are potentially excellent sources of bioactive secondary metabolites useful for the development of new functional ingredients. This study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of the hot water crude extracts (HWCEs) of three species of local Thai green macroalgae Ulva intestinalis [...] Read more.
Macroalgae are potentially excellent sources of bioactive secondary metabolites useful for the development of new functional ingredients. This study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of the hot water crude extracts (HWCEs) of three species of local Thai green macroalgae Ulva intestinalis (Ui), U. rigida (Ur), and Caulopa lentillifera (Cl) and a commercial ulvan from U. armoricana (Ua). Chemical analysis indicated that the HWCE of Ur showed the highest sulfate content (13.9% ± 0.4%), while that of Ua contained the highest uronic acid and carbohydrate contents (41.47% ± 4.98% and 64.03% ± 2.75%, respectively), which were higher than those of Ur (32.75% ± 1.53% and 51.02% ± 3.72%). Structural analysis of these extracts by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that these HWCEs are complex with a signal at 1250 cm−1 corresponding to S=O stretching vibrations, while the signals at 850 cm−1 were attributed to the C–O–S bending vibration of the sulfate ester in the axial position. These HWCEs showed the growth suppression against some pathogenic Vibrio spp. Interestingly, the HWCEs from Ui at concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/mL completely inhibited white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp injected with HWCE–WSSV preincubated solutions. This inhibitory effect was further confirmed by the reduction in viral loads and histopathology of surviving and moribund shrimp. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-Microbial Compounds from Marine Sources)
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15 pages, 2897 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Material Production in the Fermentation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-9 from Whitespotted Bamboo Shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum)
by Wenjie Zhang, Ling Wei, Rong Xu, Guodong Lin, Huijie Xin, Zhengbing Lv, Hong Qian and Hengbo Shi
Mar. Drugs 2020, 18(2), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/md18020119 - 18 Feb 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2626
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-9 (GBacillus-9), which is isolated from the intestinal tract of the white-spotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum), can secrete potential antibacterial materials, such as β-1,3-1,4-glucanase and some antimicrobial peptides. However, the low fermentation production has hindered the development of GBacillus-9 as [...] Read more.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-9 (GBacillus-9), which is isolated from the intestinal tract of the white-spotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum), can secrete potential antibacterial materials, such as β-1,3-1,4-glucanase and some antimicrobial peptides. However, the low fermentation production has hindered the development of GBacillus-9 as biological additives. In this study, the Plackett–Burman design and response surface methodology were used to optimize the fermentation conditions in a shake flask to obtain a higher yield and antibacterial activity of GBacillus-9. On the basis of the data from medium screening, M9 medium was selected as the basic medium for fermentation. The data from the single-factor experiment showed that sucrose had the highest antibacterial activity among the 10 carbon sources. The Plackett–Burman design identified sucrose, NH4Cl, and MgSO4 as the major variables altering antibacterial activity. The optimal concentrations of these compounds to enhance antibacterial activity were assessed using the central composite design. Data showed that sucrose, NH4Cl, and MgSO4 had the highest antibacterial activities at concentrations of 64.8, 1.84, and 0.08 g L−1, respectively. The data also showed that the optimal fermentation conditions for the antibacterial material production of GBacillus-9 were as follows: Inoculum volume of 5%, initial pH of 7.0, temperature of 36 °C, rotating speed of 180 rpm, and fermentation time of 10 h. The optimal fermentation medium and conditions achieved to improve the yield of antibacterial materials for GBacillus-9 can enhance the process of developing biological additives derived from GBacillus-9. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-Microbial Compounds from Marine Sources)
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9 pages, 1270 KiB  
Article
Antibacterial Polyketides from Antarctica Sponge-Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. HDN151272
by Mudassir Shah, Chunxiao Sun, Zichao Sun, Guojian Zhang, Qian Che, Qianqun Gu, Tianjiao Zhu and Dehai Li
Mar. Drugs 2020, 18(2), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/md18020071 - 23 Jan 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2909
Abstract
Three new polyketides, ketidocillinones A–C (1–3), were discovered from the extract of an Antarctica sponge-derived fungus Penicillium sp. HDN151272. All the structures were deduced by spectroscopic data, including NMR and HRESIMS. The absolute configuration of compound 3 was established [...] Read more.
Three new polyketides, ketidocillinones A–C (1–3), were discovered from the extract of an Antarctica sponge-derived fungus Penicillium sp. HDN151272. All the structures were deduced by spectroscopic data, including NMR and HRESIMS. The absolute configuration of compound 3 was established by using ECD calculation. Compounds 1−3 can be slowly oxidized to quinone form when exposed to air. Ketidocillinones B and C (2 and 3) exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeurigenosa, Mycobacterium phlei, and MRCNS (methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci) with MIC values ranging from 1.56 to 25.00 µg/mL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-Microbial Compounds from Marine Sources)
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7 pages, 2473 KiB  
Communication
Novel Antimicrobial Indolepyrazines A and B from the Marine-Associated Acinetobacter sp. ZZ1275
by Komal Anjum, Sidra Kaleem, Wenwen Yi, Guowan Zheng, Xiaoyuan Lian and Zhizhen Zhang
Mar. Drugs 2019, 17(2), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/md17020089 - 01 Feb 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2657
Abstract
Two new alkaloids indolepyrazines A (1) and B (2) were isolated from the marine-derived Acinetobacter sp. ZZ1275. Their structures were elucidated through extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses, high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS) data, and electronic [...] Read more.
Two new alkaloids indolepyrazines A (1) and B (2) were isolated from the marine-derived Acinetobacter sp. ZZ1275. Their structures were elucidated through extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses, high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS) data, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Indolepyrazine A represents the first example of alkaloids with an indole-pyrazine-oxindole skeleton. Both 1 and 2 showed antimicrobial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 12 μg/mL, 8–10 μg/mL, and 12–14 μg/mL, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-Microbial Compounds from Marine Sources)
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Review

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16 pages, 1198 KiB  
Review
Griffithsin, a Highly Potent Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Lectin from Red Algae: From Discovery to Clinical Application
by Choongho Lee
Mar. Drugs 2019, 17(10), 567; https://doi.org/10.3390/md17100567 - 06 Oct 2019
Cited by 86 | Viewed by 8057
Abstract
Virus entry into a susceptible host cell is the first step in the formation of all viral diseases. Controlling viral infections by disrupting viral entry is advantageous for antibody-mediated neutralization by the host’s immune system and as a preventive and therapeutic antiviral strategy. [...] Read more.
Virus entry into a susceptible host cell is the first step in the formation of all viral diseases. Controlling viral infections by disrupting viral entry is advantageous for antibody-mediated neutralization by the host’s immune system and as a preventive and therapeutic antiviral strategy. Recently, several plant-derived carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins) have emerged as a new class of antiviral biologics by taking advantage of a unique glycosylation pattern only found on the surface of viruses. In particular, a red algae-derived griffithsin (GRFT) protein has demonstrated superior in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity with minimum host toxicity against a variety of clinically relevant, enveloped viruses. This review examines the structural characteristics of GRFT, focusing on its carbohydrate-binding capability. Its in vitro antiviral profiles against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are also discussed followed by a description of the results from a combination study using anti-HIV drugs. The results of several studies regarding its novel antiviral mechanism of action are provided in conjunction with an explanation of viral resistance profiles to GRFT. In addition, its in vitro and in vivo host toxicity profiles are summarized with its pharmacokinetic behavior using in vivo efficacy study results. Also, a large-scale production and formulation strategy, as well as a drug delivery strategy, for GRFT as a new class of broad-spectrum microbicides is discussed. Finally, results from two ongoing clinical studies examining GRFT’s effects on viruses are presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-Microbial Compounds from Marine Sources)
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