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Marine Drugs
Special Issues
Marine-Derived Anti-hyperlipidemic Drugs
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Marine-Derived Anti-hyperlipidemic Drugs

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2020) | Viewed by 6501

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Cinzia Parolini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Interests: lipoproteins; marine fish proteins; fish oil; functional foods; atherosclerosis; animal models
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The World Health Organization estimates that cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one cause of death worldwide, and residual risk after implementing all current therapies is still high. It is thus crucial that all health professionals make appropriate use of all the available intervention strategies to control risk factors. Although genetic factors and aging are important in determining the overall risk, a substantial proportion of CVD occurs in conjunction with a series of modifiable risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes, susceptible to lifestyle modifications, which include dietary improvement, adequate physical activity and the use of functional foods, food supplements, and drugs. Emerging research has explored the application of natural food-based strategies in disease management. With marine species comprising approximately one-half of the global biodiversity, the ocean offers a wonderful resource for novel compounds, which may serve in improving health of the worldwide population. Many of the positive effects of fish, including those on dyslipidemia and heart disease, have been attributed to n-3 PUFAs, i.e., EPA and DHA. However, in addition to n-3 PUFAs, other nutrients, such as minerals, vitamins and proteins, have been associated to prevention/treatment of cardiovascular disease and associated health complications.

The aim of this Special Issue is to gather new information regarding the efficacy and basic mechanisms of the marine-derived anti-hyperlipidemic. In addition, this Research Topic is targeted at improving the current therapeutic clinical protocols while reducing the off-target effects.

Dr. Cinzia Parolini
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Clinical trials
  • Cholesterol
  • Fish proteins
  • Hypertension
  • n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • Triglycerides

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1385 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant, Hypolipidemic and Hepatic Protective Activities of Polysaccharides from Phascolosoma esculenta
by Yaqing Wu, Hongying Jiang, Jyuan-Siou Lin, Jia Liu, Chang-Jer Wu and Ruian Xu
Mar. Drugs 2020, 18(3), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/md18030158 - 12 Mar 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2755
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hepatic protective effects of Phascolosoma esculenta polysaccharides (PEP). PEP was prepared from Phascolosoma esculenta by enzyme hydrolysis and its characterization was analyzed. The antioxidant activities of PEP were evaluated by the [...] Read more.
The aims of this study were to investigate the antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hepatic protective effects of Phascolosoma esculenta polysaccharides (PEP). PEP was prepared from Phascolosoma esculenta by enzyme hydrolysis and its characterization was analyzed. The antioxidant activities of PEP were evaluated by the assays of scavenging 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion, hydroxyl radicals and chelating ferrous ion in vitro. It showed that PEP could scavenge radicals effectively and had favorable antioxidant activities. In the meantime, the hypolipidemic effect of PEP was investigated in vivo by using mice model fed with high-fat diet with or without PEP treatment. Compared with the hyperlipidemic mice without treatment, the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) (30.1–35.7%, p < 0.01), triglyceride (TG) (24.5–50.8%, p < 0.01 or p < 0.05), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (49.6–56.8%, p < 0.01) and liver levels of TC (21.0–28.4%, p < 0.01), TG (23.8–37.0%, p < 0.01) decreased significantly, whereas serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (47.7–59.9%, p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) increased significantly after treatment with different dosage of PEP (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g per kg body weight, respectively). In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) (10.2–22.2% and 18.8–26.9%, p < 0.05), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (11.9–15.4% and 26.6–30.4%, p < 0.05) activities in serum and liver enhanced markedly while aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (18.7–29.6% and 42.4–58.0%, p < 0.05), alanine transaminase (ALT) (42.7–46.0% and 31.2–42.2%, p < 0.05) activities, as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (15.9–24.4% and 15.0–16.8%, p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) in serum and liver reduced markedly. Moreover, the histopathological observation of livers indicated that PEP could attenuate liver cell injury. The animal experimental results demonstrated that PEP exerted hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective roles in hyperlipidemic mice. In summary, our results above suggest that PEP might be a potential natural antioxidant and utilized as a therapeutic candidate for hyperlipidemia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine-Derived Anti-hyperlipidemic Drugs)
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Review

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14 pages, 2312 KiB  
Review
Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Treatment on Lipid Pattern of HIV Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
by Federica Fogacci, Enrico Strocchi, Maddalena Veronesi, Claudio Borghi and Arrigo F. G. Cicero
Mar. Drugs 2020, 18(6), 292; https://doi.org/10.3390/md18060292 - 01 Jun 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3244
Abstract
Even though omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) seem to be effective in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated dyslipidemia, their impact is still debated. For this reason, our aim was to perform a meta-analysis of the clinical evidence available to date. A [...] Read more.
Even though omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) seem to be effective in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated dyslipidemia, their impact is still debated. For this reason, our aim was to perform a meta-analysis of the clinical evidence available to date. A systematic literature search was conducted in order to identify published clinical trials assessing the effect of PUFAs treatment on serum lipoproteins, and its safety profile. The effect sizes for lipid changes were expressed as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). For safety analysis, odd ratios and the 95% CI were calculated with the Mantel–Haenszel method. Data were pooled from nine clinical studies comprising overall 578 HIV-affected subjects. Meta-analysis of the data suggested that omega-3 PUFAs significantly reduced triglycerides (TG) (MD = −1.04, 95% CI: −1.5, −0.58 mmol/L, p < 0.001), while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.61 mmol/L, p = 0.004), without affecting serum levels of total cholesterol, very-low- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B and A1. Change in TG was significantly associated with eicosapentaenoic acid administered via daily dose. PUFA treatment did not lead to an increased risk of adverse events. In conclusion, PUFAs are safe and exert a significant plasma lipid improving effect in HIV-positive patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine-Derived Anti-hyperlipidemic Drugs)
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