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Land
Special Issues
Conditions, Effects and Costs of Spatial Chaos
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Conditions, Effects and Costs of Spatial Chaos

A special issue of Land (ISSN 2073-445X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 25676

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Przemysław Śleszyński

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: urban geography; population geography; migration studies; geography of enterprise; transport geography; electoral geography; spatial economy; spatial planning; landscape aesthetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Piotr Gibas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
University of Economics in Katowice, 1 Maja 50, 40-287 Katowice, Poland
Interests: development studies; local and regional development; spatial economy; spatial planning; cartography and geo-information; urban and rural geography
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Paweł Sudra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Urban and Regional Development, ul.Targowa 45, 03-728 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: geography of settlement; urban planning and regeneration; spatial economy; local development; landscape ecology; urban greenery; ecosystem services; protected areas; cartography and geo-information

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is dedicated to one of the most serious problems of local and regional development in the urbanized world, which is the chaotic and inefficient growth of various types of settlement systems. These are both large agglomerations and smaller towns, as well as villages. In principle, the problem concerns all the most important aspects of spatial development, such as infrastructure, transport, and the municipal economy, as well as natural systems. Therefore, it brings huge global social and economic losses, on a scale of hundreds of billions of USD.

We suggest that authors  submit materials falling within one or more of the thematic threads, focusing on conceptual-theoretical, methodological, cognitive, and application issues:

  1. Theoretical concepts and terminology of the phenomenon of spatial chaos at various geographical scales. 
  1. Methodology of the research approaches to the processes related to spatial chaos (e.g., disorderly deconcentration of settlement systems), including proposals for new indicators and measures describing spatial chaos. 
  1. Examples of research on urban sprawl. In view of the relatively extensive literature on the subject, we ask for examples based on the following:
    • “ Typical" places of spatial chaos (such as suburban zones, transport corridors or tourist areas), but investigated in longer time series or within the context of larger areas (for example, a large region or whole country);
    • Atypical, relatively poorly recognized places of occurrence of urban sprawl/peri-urbanization, e.g., for areas of the world from where there is little research on this subject. 
  1. Estimation of specific costs (monetary, temporal, areal, etc.) related to the phenomenon of spatial chaos. 
  1. Good practices in combating and mitigating spatial chaos processes. In this case, we do not refer to typical case studies, but rather synthetic and review papers.

Hoping for your interest,

Yours faithfully,

Dr. Przemysław Śleszyński
Dr. Piotr Gibas
Dr. Paweł Sudra
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Land is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • spatial chaos
  • uncontrolled urbanization
  • settlement dispersion
  • suburbanization
  • local economy
  • quality of life
  • losses in spatial economy

Published Papers (7 papers)

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33 pages, 4645 KiB  
Article
Spatial Chaos as a Result of War Damage and Post-War Transformations. Example of the Small Town of Węgorzewo
by Łukasz Musiaka, Paweł Sudra and Tomasz Spórna
Land 2021, 10(5), 541; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10050541 - 19 May 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3878 | Correction
Abstract
World War II’s military activities and the post-war devastation period destroyed many European cities and towns. One of the areas that was struck the most was former East Prussia, currently located in Poland and the Kaliningrad Region (the Russian Federation). In addition to [...] Read more.
World War II’s military activities and the post-war devastation period destroyed many European cities and towns. One of the areas that was struck the most was former East Prussia, currently located in Poland and the Kaliningrad Region (the Russian Federation). In addition to the destruction of cities, which are strategically and economically important, small towns have also suffered. An example of such a town is Węgorzewo, where the scale of destruction of the pre-war urban tissue exceeded 80%, and the old town’s built-up area practically ceased to exist. This town magnifies most of the processes and spatial problems characteristic of Central and Eastern Europe’s towns of the “metamorphic” type. Post-war zoning during the Polish People’s Republic period, in the spirit of constructing a socialist town and bypassing the original spatial arrangement, brought about irreversible changes in the urban tissue. This was reflected in the break with the town’s original layout and the creation of modernist buildings. The changes were solidified or even deepened during the economic and political transition of the 1990s in Poland. Today, decades after the end of World War II, despite taking corrective measures, the town is still facing the problem of spatial chaos. Its morphological and physiognomic manifestations in the lack of a central public space, the loss of its historic character, the disharmonization of the urban landscape, and the dispersed development are the main subjects of this article’s analysis. This study uses a diverse methodological apparatus consisting of an analysis of the town’s morphological transformations, an analysis of the physiognomy of the urban landscape and architecture, in situ studies, and an analysis of municipal documents and expert interviews. In the discussion, the study results are embedded in the context of the cases of other European cities and towns. The conclusions indicate the risks to the formation of spatial order in Węgorzewo and possible paths of action. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conditions, Effects and Costs of Spatial Chaos)
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31 pages, 3919 KiB  
Article
Alternative between Revitalisation of City Centres and the Rising Costs of Extensive Land Use from a Polish Perspective
by Aleksandra Jadach-Sepioło and Maciej Zathey
Land 2021, 10(5), 488; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10050488 - 05 May 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1861
Abstract
The phenomenon of spatial chaos is ever-growing challenge in Poland. Its most common explanations are the weaknesses of spatial planning and the households’ economic-based decisions of building a house in the suburbs. In this context, Polish publications lack analyses of the impact of [...] Read more.
The phenomenon of spatial chaos is ever-growing challenge in Poland. Its most common explanations are the weaknesses of spatial planning and the households’ economic-based decisions of building a house in the suburbs. In this context, Polish publications lack analyses of the impact of local authorities’ on shaping conditions for the development of new housing and renovation of the existing ones. The authors put forward a thesis about the persistence of an extensive land use policy model in Poland, in which local governments create conditions favouring area-consuming approach to locating buildings. At the same time, the same local governments allow de-agriculturalisation of land plots with a consequence that newly developed areas are not equipped with utilities (e.g., sewage or heating networks). Chaos in the development of residential areas is also illustrated by another phenomenon. Local authorities designate large degraded and revitalisation areas. This results in the dispersed effects. The article concentrates on these three symptoms of spatial chaos in Poland, i.e., random and dispersed expansion of new investments in sewage system, lack of integration between district heating systems and direction of residential development and dispersed effects of revitalisation, which cannot prevent flight from blight. The obtained results allowed to confirm the thesis about the extensive land use policy model in Poland. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conditions, Effects and Costs of Spatial Chaos)
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21 pages, 7498 KiB  
Article
Chaos in Motion: Measuring Visual Pollution with Tangential View Landscape Metrics
by Szymon Chmielewski
Land 2020, 9(12), 515; https://doi.org/10.3390/land9120515 - 12 Dec 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4141
Abstract
Visual pollution (VP) in the form of outdoor advertisements (OA) is a threat to landscape physiognomy. Despite their proven usefulness in landscape aesthetic studies, landscape metrics have not yet been applied to address the phenomenon of VP. To fill this knowledge gap, a [...] Read more.
Visual pollution (VP) in the form of outdoor advertisements (OA) is a threat to landscape physiognomy. Despite their proven usefulness in landscape aesthetic studies, landscape metrics have not yet been applied to address the phenomenon of VP. To fill this knowledge gap, a methodological framework for the measurement of VP using tangential view landscape metrics is proposed, which is accompanied by statistically significant proofs. Raster products derived from aerial laser scanning data were used to characterize two study areas with different topographic conditions in the city of Lublin, East Poland. The visibility of the cityscape in motion was simulated through viewshed measurements taken at equal intervals in the forwards and backwards directions along pedestrian walkways. The scrutinized tangential view landscape metrics (visible area, maximum visible distance, skyline, Shannon depth, view depth line) was the object of a two-fold interpretation wherein the spatial occurrence of VP as well as its impacts on the visual landscape character (VLC) were examined. The visible area metrics were found to be highly sensitive VP indicators. The maximum visible distance metrics provided evidence for the destructive effect of OA on view corridors. The Shannon depth and depth line metrics were not found to be statistically significant indicators of VP. Results from directional viewshed modelling indicate that distortion in the analyzed cityscape physiognomy depends on the view direction. The findings allow for particular recommendations with practical implementations in land use planning, which are discussed along with limitations to our proposed methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conditions, Effects and Costs of Spatial Chaos)
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27 pages, 55790 KiB  
Article
Urbanization Chaos of Suburban Small Cities in Poland: ‘Tetris Development’
by Anna Majewska, Małgorzata Denis and Wioleta Krupowicz
Land 2020, 9(11), 461; https://doi.org/10.3390/land9110461 - 19 Nov 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5381
Abstract
This paper investigates the phenomenon of spatial chaos in Poland resulting from urban sprawl. The phenomenon is particularly visible in the case of suburban small cities which, in contrast to cities in the EU-15 countries with similar populations, are expanding excessively, causing a [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the phenomenon of spatial chaos in Poland resulting from urban sprawl. The phenomenon is particularly visible in the case of suburban small cities which, in contrast to cities in the EU-15 countries with similar populations, are expanding excessively, causing a growth of urbanized areas exceeding several times the growth of their population. Suburbs of these cities increasingly resemble a badly played Tetris game. The selected study area consists of several cities in the Warsaw suburban zone where an increased dynamic of these processes can be observed. The paper presents detailed studies concerning the selected representative small cities. The morphology of urban tissue was studied as a marker of spatial order including: development intensity, street grid, plots parameters, presence of technical infrastructure, and distance from the functional city center. The analyses were performed based on cartographic archives, the data of the Central Statistical Office of Poland, topographic database and Kernel Density Estimation. ArcGIS ESRI and AutoCad software was used to present the study results. The conducted studies intend to diagnose the changes in the spatial layout in the context of the objectives of spatial order and sustainable development, and to define the indicators which should be taken into account in spatial planning documents drawn up for the studied areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conditions, Effects and Costs of Spatial Chaos)
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22 pages, 2661 KiB  
Article
New Indicators of Spatial Chaos in the Context of the Need for Retrofitting Suburbs
by Dorota Mantey and Wojciech Pokojski
Land 2020, 9(8), 276; https://doi.org/10.3390/land9080276 - 18 Aug 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2897
Abstract
The article is dedicated to the phenomenon of spatial chaos in the suburban areas of Polish cities, which, due to uncontrolled scattering of buildings (urban sprawl), require urgent retrofitting. These activities should contribute to the gradual densification of buildings and the more frequent [...] Read more.
The article is dedicated to the phenomenon of spatial chaos in the suburban areas of Polish cities, which, due to uncontrolled scattering of buildings (urban sprawl), require urgent retrofitting. These activities should contribute to the gradual densification of buildings and the more frequent functioning of suburbanites in the local environment, close to the place of residence. The authors claim that the retrofitting of suburbs can be accomplished by impacting two dimensions of spatial chaos: limited pedestrian mobility around the place of residence (walkability) and low access to basic services. The article proposes a set of ten indicators and a synthetic index of spatial chaos that allow measuring the level of disorder in particular suburbs, and therefore on a smaller scale than a municipality, and at the same time refer to the features of the living environment typical of Polish suburbs. These indicators are a direct reference to the abovementioned dimensions of suburban spatial chaos and allow to estimate the degree of compactness of suburban settlements in its functional aspect. The research proved that the more sprawl-like features, the higher the level of spatial disorder. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conditions, Effects and Costs of Spatial Chaos)
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28 pages, 5057 KiB  
Article
The Contemporary Economic Costs of Spatial Chaos: Evidence from Poland
by Przemysław Śleszyński, Adam Kowalewski, Tadeusz Markowski, Paulina Legutko-Kobus and Maciej Nowak
Land 2020, 9(7), 214; https://doi.org/10.3390/land9070214 - 01 Jul 2020
Cited by 52 | Viewed by 5321
Abstract
This paper is based on the results of an extensive (840-page) report of the Committee on National Spatial Development of the Polish Academy of Sciences, entitled Studies on Spatial Chaos (edited by A. Kowalewski, T, Markowski and P. Śleszyński—Studia KPZK PAN, vol. 182, [...] Read more.
This paper is based on the results of an extensive (840-page) report of the Committee on National Spatial Development of the Polish Academy of Sciences, entitled Studies on Spatial Chaos (edited by A. Kowalewski, T, Markowski and P. Śleszyński—Studia KPZK PAN, vol. 182, Warsaw 2018—in Polish). Its aim was to conduct a comprehensive and detailed study on the problem of spatial chaos (spatial disorder), including an estimate of economic costs in Poland. For this purpose, literature was queried (articles and reports, etc.) and special analyses were prepared for this purpose. The total annual costs of spatial chaos were estimated at not less than 20 billion euros per year. The conclusions also proposed solutions and suggestions (for the government and local governments), which may reduce the acute costs of spatial chaos in society and economy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conditions, Effects and Costs of Spatial Chaos)
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1 pages, 183 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Musiaka et al. Spatial Chaos as a Result of War Damage and Post-War Transformations. Example of the Small Town of Węgorzewo. Land 2021, 10, 541
by Łukasz Musiaka, Paweł Sudra and Tomasz Spórna
Land 2022, 11(10), 1698; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11101698 - 30 Sep 2022
Viewed by 673
Abstract
In the original publication [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conditions, Effects and Costs of Spatial Chaos)
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