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Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Diseases 2.0
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Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Diseases 2.0

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 September 2023) | Viewed by 6589

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Laura Adelaide Dalla Vecchia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Milan, Italy
Interests: cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular rehabilitation; cardiology; coronary artery disease; heart failure; vascular medicine; atrial fibrillation; hypertension; cardiac imaging; cardiovascular neural control; autonomic nervous system; gender medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce the launch of a new Special Issue, “Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Diseases 2.0”, a continuation of a previously successful Special Issue.

Given the success of the first edition comprising 22 high-quality articles, the second edition of the Special Issue aims to continue the publication of original articles, reviews, meta-analyses and letters related to the burden of cardiovascular diseases worldwide.

There is certainly a need for innovative and personalized strategies for the prevention, early diagnosis and optimization of medical and nonmedical therapies, along with improvements in the organizational management of chronic cardiovascular diseases. Aging and the growing number of comorbidities, increasingly accompanying heart disease, further complicating health challenges, must also be taken into account. In addition, lifestyles, in particular, smoking, a sedentary lifestyle, incorrect nutrition, sleep disorders, anxiety and depression are assuming increasing proportions, also due to the COVID-19 pandemic, ongoing wars, climate change and economic crises, which represent serious risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

Therefore, the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment must be personalized, considering many individual variables related both to the phenotypic expression of each disease and to the genetics and epigenetics of the individual. Therefore, the role of precision medicine in cardiovascular diseases should be better defined.

This Special Issue’s second edition aims to explore these complicated and stimulating aspects by focusing on:

i) Innovative diagnostic tools;
ii) The identification of risk factors and indices of diseases and prognoses;
iii) Risk stratification and cardiovascular prevention;
iv) Drug and nondrug therapies;
v) Pathophysiology and the phenotypic expression of cardiovascular diseases;
vi) The mapping of individuals' susceptibilities to cardiovascular diseases;
ii) Cardiovascular rehabilitation;
viii) Clinical and health management models, with particular attention paid to the transfer of guideline indications into the real world.

Dr. Laura Adelaide Dalla Vecchia
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiovascular risk factors
  • heart disease
  • coronary syndrome
  • heart failure
  • dyslipidemia
  • cardiovascular guidelines
  • personalized treatment
  • optimal medical therapy
  • cardiovascular rehabilitation
  • cardiovascular genetics
  • cardiovascular epigenetics
  • precision medicine in cardiovascular diseases
  • anxiety and depression
  • stressors

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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11 pages, 3023 KiB  
Article
Acute Changes on Left Atrial Function during Incremental Exercise in Patients with Heart Failure with Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Case-Control Study
by Marco Alfonso Perrone, Ferdinando Iellamo, Valentino D’Antoni, Alessandro Gismondi, Deborah Di Biasio, Sara Vadalà, Giuseppe Marazzi, Valentina Morsella, Maurizio Volterrani and Giuseppe Caminiti
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(8), 1272; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13081272 - 18 Aug 2023
Viewed by 941
Abstract
Background: the aim of this study was to assess acute changes in left atrial (LA) function during incremental aerobic exercise in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in comparison to healthy subjects (HS). Methods: twenty patients with established HFmrEF [...] Read more.
Background: the aim of this study was to assess acute changes in left atrial (LA) function during incremental aerobic exercise in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in comparison to healthy subjects (HS). Methods: twenty patients with established HFmrEF were compared with 10 HS, age-matched controls. All subjects performed a stepwise exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Echocardiography was performed at baseline, during submaximal effort, at peak of exercise, and after 5 min of recovery. Results: HS obtained a higher value of METs at peak exercise than HFmrEF (7.4 vs. 5.6; between group p = 0.002). Heart rate and systolic blood pressure presented a greater increase in the HS group than in HFmrEF (between groups p = 0.006 and 0.003, respectively). In the HFmrEF group, peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) and conduit strain were both increased at submaximal exercise (p < 0.05 for both versus baseline) and remained constant at peak exercise. Peak atrial contraction strain (PACS) did not show significant changes during the exercise. In the HS group, PALS and PACS increased significantly at submaximal level (p < 0.05 for both versus baseline), but PALS returned near baseline values at peak exercise; conduit strain decreased progressively during the exercise in HS. Stroke volume (SV) increased in both groups at submaximal exercise; at peak exercise, SV remained constant in the HFmrEF, while it decreased in controls (between groups p = 0.002). Conclusions: patients with HFmrEF show a proper increase in LA reservoir function during incremental aerobic exercise that contributes to maintain SV throughout the physical effort. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Diseases 2.0)
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11 pages, 430 KiB  
Article
Moderate Aerobic Exercise Reduces the Detrimental Effects of Hypoxia on Cardiac Autonomic Control in Healthy Volunteers
by Luca Giovanelli, Mara Malacarne, Massimo Pagani, Gianni Biolo, Igor B. Mekjavic, Giuseppina Bernardelli and Daniela Lucini
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(4), 585; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13040585 - 27 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1089
Abstract
Physical inactivity increases cardiometabolic risk through a variety of mechanisms, among which alterations of immunological, metabolic, and autonomic control systems may play a pivotal role. Physical inactivity is frequently associated with other factors that may further worsen prognosis. The association between physical inactivity [...] Read more.
Physical inactivity increases cardiometabolic risk through a variety of mechanisms, among which alterations of immunological, metabolic, and autonomic control systems may play a pivotal role. Physical inactivity is frequently associated with other factors that may further worsen prognosis. The association between physical inactivity and hypoxia is particularly interesting and characterizes several conditions—whether physiological (e.g., residing or trekking at high altitude and space flights) or pathological (e.g., chronic cardiopulmonary diseases and COVID-19). In this randomized intervention study, we investigated the combined effects of physical inactivity and hypoxia on autonomic control in eleven healthy and physically active male volunteers, both at baseline (ambulatory) conditions and, in a randomized order, hypoxic ambulatory, hypoxic bedrest, and normoxic bedrest (i.e., a simple experimental model of physical inactivity). Autoregressive spectral analysis of cardiovascular variabilities was employed to assess cardiac autonomic control. Notably, we found hypoxia to be associated with an impairment of cardiac autonomic control, especially when combined with bedrest. In particular, we observed an impairment of indices of baroreflex control, a reduction in the marker of prevalent vagal control to the SA node, and an increase in the marker of sympathetic control to vasculature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Diseases 2.0)
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10 pages, 291 KiB  
Article
DIGItal Health Literacy after COVID-19 Outbreak among Frail and Non-Frail Cardiology Patients: The DIGI-COVID Study
by Marco Vitolo, Valentina Ziveri, Giacomo Gozzi, Chiara Busi, Jacopo Francesco Imberti, Niccolò Bonini, Federico Muto, Davide Antonio Mei, Matteo Menozzi, Marta Mantovani, Benedetta Cherubini, Vincenzo Livio Malavasi and Giuseppe Boriani
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(1), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13010099 - 31 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1762
Abstract
Background: Telemedicine requires either the use of digital tools or a minimum technological knowledge of the patients. Digital health literacy may influence the use of telemedicine in most patients, particularly those with frailty. We aimed to explore the association between frailty, the use [...] Read more.
Background: Telemedicine requires either the use of digital tools or a minimum technological knowledge of the patients. Digital health literacy may influence the use of telemedicine in most patients, particularly those with frailty. We aimed to explore the association between frailty, the use of digital tools, and patients’ digital health literacy. Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients referred to arrhythmia outpatient clinics of our cardiology department from March to September 2022. Patients were divided according to frailty status as defined by the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) into robust, pre-frail, and frail. The degree of digital health literacy was assessed through the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI), which explores seven digital skill categories measured by 21 self-report questions. Results: A total of 300 patients were enrolled (36.3% females, median age 75 (66–84)) and stratified according to frailty status as robust (EFS ≤ 5; 70.7%), pre-frail (EFS 6–7; 15.7%), and frail (EFS ≥ 8; 13.7%). Frail and pre-frail patients used digital tools less frequently and accessed the Internet less frequently compared to robust patients. In the logistic regression analysis, frail patients were significantly associated with the non-use of the Internet (adjusted odds ratio 2.58, 95% CI 1.92–5.61) compared to robust and pre-frail patients. Digital health literacy decreased as the level of frailty increased in all the digital domains examined. Conclusions: Frail patients are characterized by lower use of digital tools compared to robust patients, even though these patients would benefit the most from telemedicine. Digital skills were strongly influenced by frailty. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Diseases 2.0)
11 pages, 669 KiB  
Article
Cardiac Rehabilitation for Older Women with Heart Failure
by Domenico Scrutinio, Pietro Guida, Laura Adelaide Dalla Vecchia, Ugo Corrà and Andrea Passantino
J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(12), 1980; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12121980 - 30 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1088
Abstract
Background: the role that sex plays in impacting cardiac rehabilitation (CR) outcomes remains an important gap in knowledge. Methods: we assessed sex differences in clinical and functional outcomes in 2345 older patients with heart failure (HF) admitted to inpatient CR. Three outcomes were [...] Read more.
Background: the role that sex plays in impacting cardiac rehabilitation (CR) outcomes remains an important gap in knowledge. Methods: we assessed sex differences in clinical and functional outcomes in 2345 older patients with heart failure (HF) admitted to inpatient CR. Three outcomes were considered: (1) the composite outcome of death during the index admission to CR or transfer to acute care; (2) three-year mortality; (3) change in six-minute walking distance (6MWD) from admission to discharge. Sex differences in outcomes were assessed using multivariable Cox or logistic regression models. Results: the hazard ratios of the composite outcome and of three-year mortality for females vs. males were 0.71 (95%CI:0.50–1.00; p = 0.049) and 0.68 (95%CI:0.59–0.79; p < 0.001), respectively. The standardized mean difference in 6MWD increase from admission to discharge between males and females was 0.10. The odds ratio of achieving an increase in 6MWD at discharge to values higher than the optimal sex-specific thresholds for predicting mortality for females vs. males was 2.21 (95%CI:1.53–3.20; p < 0.001). Conclusion: our findings suggest that older females with HF undergoing CR have better prognosis and garner similar improvement in 6MWD compared with their male counterparts. Nonetheless, females were more likely to achieve levels of functional capacity predictive of improved survival. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Diseases 2.0)
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17 pages, 1833 KiB  
Systematic Review
Clinical Application of Circular RNAs as Biomarkers in Acute Ischemic Stroke
by Chiara Siracusa, Niccolò Vono, Maria Benedetta Morano, Jolanda Sabatino, Isabella Leo, Ceren Eyileten, Eleonora Cianflone, Marek Postula, Daniele Torella and Salvatore De Rosa
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(5), 839; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13050839 - 16 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1248
Abstract
Despite the substantial improvement in diagnosis and treatment within the last decades, ischemic stroke still represents a challenge, responsible still for a high burden of morbidity and mortality. Among the unmet clinical needs are the difficulties in identifying those subjects with the greatest [...] Read more.
Despite the substantial improvement in diagnosis and treatment within the last decades, ischemic stroke still represents a challenge, responsible still for a high burden of morbidity and mortality. Among the unmet clinical needs are the difficulties in identifying those subjects with the greatest risk of developing a stroke, the challenges in obtaining a timely diagnosis, the prompt recognition of the different clinical forms of stroke, the assessment of the response to treatments and the prognostic assessment. All these issues might be improved with appropriate smart biomarkers that could better inform clinical management. The present article offers an overview of the potential role of circular RNAs as disease biomarkers in stroke. A systematic approach was adopted to gather all potentially relevant information in order to provide a panoramic view on this class of promising molecules. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Diseases 2.0)
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