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Interventional Pulmonology: An Exciting New Subspecialty within Pulmonary Medicine
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Interventional Pulmonology: An Exciting New Subspecialty within Pulmonary Medicine

A special issue of Journal of Respiration (ISSN 2673-527X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 6151

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Bruce Fernando Sabath

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
Interests: interventional pulmonology; bronchoscopy; lung cancer; central airway obstruction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Interventional pulmonology (IP) has emerged as a developing subspecialty within pulmonary medicine over the last several years. It has addressed a critical need in terms of the minimally invasive evaluation, diagnosis, and management of pulmonary pathology. Indeed, significant advancements have been made in lung cancer staging, the diagnosis of peripheral lung nodules, central airway obstruction, the evaluation of the pleural space, and the bronchoscopic management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, among other areas. This Special Issue will provide an overview of the various procedures within interventional pulmonology, including endobronchial ultrasound, robotic bronchoscopy, pleuroscopy, rigid bronchoscopy, airway stenting, thermal and cryotherapy, and endobronchial valves. We will additionally review the history of interventional pulmonology as well as the development of formal subspecialties fellowship training in IP. With this Issue, it is our aim to increase knowledge and awareness of the significant utility of the various branches of interventional pulmonology in patient care. If successful, patients will benefit from this new technology and be cared for in a safer, more effective and efficient manner than in prior years.

Dr. Bruce Fernando Sabath
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Respiration is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • interventional pulmonology
  • bronchoscopy
  • endobronchial ultrasound
  • robotic bronchoscopy
  • lung cancer
  • pleuroscopy
  • endobronchial valves
  • airway stent

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Review

13 pages, 539 KiB  
Review
Education in Interventional Pulmonology: How We Got Here and Where to Go from Here
by Dylan Harrell and David M. Chambers
J. Respir. 2024, 4(1), 79-90; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor4010007 - 08 Mar 2024
Viewed by 577
Abstract
Interventional pulmonology is a rapidly growing field with increasing demand. To meet this demand, training in interventional pulmonology is expanding. What started as a single training program without a standardized curriculum has grown to 40 accredited training programs with a well-defined curriculum that [...] Read more.
Interventional pulmonology is a rapidly growing field with increasing demand. To meet this demand, training in interventional pulmonology is expanding. What started as a single training program without a standardized curriculum has grown to 40 accredited training programs with a well-defined curriculum that is now overseen by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. As the field develops, research is being actively performed to develop validated competency assessment tools and describe the learning curves for pulmonary procedures. As research evolves, this information can be used to better standardize training in interventional pulmonology and move the field towards a competency-based training model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interventional Pulmonology: An Exciting New Subspecialty within Pulmonary Medicine)
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17 pages, 2032 KiB  
Review
Airway Stents in Interventional Pulmonology
by Sami I. Bashour and Donald R. Lazarus
J. Respir. 2024, 4(1), 62-78; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor4010006 - 01 Mar 2024
Viewed by 491
Abstract
Airway stents, first developed in the 1980s, have become fundamental in managing a multitude of airway pathologies and complications within the field of interventional pulmonology. The primary function of an airway stent is to re-establish airway patency and integrity when obstruction, stenosis, anastomotic [...] Read more.
Airway stents, first developed in the 1980s, have become fundamental in managing a multitude of airway pathologies and complications within the field of interventional pulmonology. The primary function of an airway stent is to re-establish airway patency and integrity when obstruction, stenosis, anastomotic dehiscence, or fistulae develop as a result of various malignant or benign conditions. Nevertheless, airway stents are foreign bodies that can result in complications. In this review article, we will discuss airway stents and their ongoing role in the management of several malignant and benign diseases. We will describe indications for airway stenting and review the elements that must be taken into consideration for optimal patient and stent selection. Given the prevalence of data regarding therapeutic bronchoscopy and airway stenting in malignant airway obstruction, much of the discussion in this review will focus on stent placement for that indication. We will also review the data as it pertains to safety, efficacy, and complications after stent placement, and conclude with a discussion of the future applications and research avenues related to airway stents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interventional Pulmonology: An Exciting New Subspecialty within Pulmonary Medicine)
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12 pages, 2343 KiB  
Review
Lung Cancer Staging—A Clinical Practice Review
by Ali B. Rueschhoff, Andrew W. Moore and Maykol R. Postigo Jasahui
J. Respir. 2024, 4(1), 50-61; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor4010005 - 28 Feb 2024
Viewed by 604
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated death globally. Staging provides classification of the anatomic extent of cancer that is used consistently worldwide. Lung cancer staging is necessary for prognostication, to inform treatment options, and to allow accurate representation in clinical trials. [...] Read more.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated death globally. Staging provides classification of the anatomic extent of cancer that is used consistently worldwide. Lung cancer staging is necessary for prognostication, to inform treatment options, and to allow accurate representation in clinical trials. Staging also separates operable from inoperable disease. Since its introduction in the 1970s, the Tumor, Node and Metastasis (TNM) Staging System has undergone significant revisions, with the latest version, the eighth edition, being effective internationally since 2017. Advances in bronchoscopic and thoracoscopic technologies have expanded procedures to diagnose lung cancer and accurately define the anatomic stage. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of available methods for staging lung cancer is critical to clinician decision making. In patients with lung cancer without distant metastases, the staging of mediastinal lymph nodes determines treatment options. To minimize the risk and cost, the most appropriate method of staging should identify the highest disease stage while carrying acceptable risk. Minimally invasive endoscopic needle techniques to stage the mediastinum are the first choice to assess for metastases in accessible lymph node stations. Surgical techniques are generally reserved for specific clinical situations, including following negative endoscopic needle techniques when suspicion for nodal involvement is high and to assess endoscopically inaccessible lymph nodes. This review provides a concise account of TNM staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and overview of procedures available for the staging of lung cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interventional Pulmonology: An Exciting New Subspecialty within Pulmonary Medicine)
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15 pages, 4594 KiB  
Review
A Review of Medical Thoracoscopy and Its Role in Management of Malignant Pleural Effusion
by Michael Gioia and Rosa L. Arancibia
J. Respir. 2024, 4(1), 35-49; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor4010004 - 26 Feb 2024
Viewed by 586
Abstract
Pleural effusion is the most common disease among all pleural diseases and affects 1.5 million patients per year in the United States. Different interventions can be performed when dealing with pleural effusions. In this review, we present medical thoracoscopy as a minimally invasive [...] Read more.
Pleural effusion is the most common disease among all pleural diseases and affects 1.5 million patients per year in the United States. Different interventions can be performed when dealing with pleural effusions. In this review, we present medical thoracoscopy as a minimally invasive procedure with both diagnostic and therapeutic utility in the management of pleural disease. It has a higher diagnostic yield than commonly performed percutaneous procedures (thoracentesis, closed pleural biopsy) and simultaneously offers many of the therapeutic benefits of more invasive procedures, such as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, with a lower risk profile. The role of medical thoracoscopy is evolving and will likely continue to expand as more centers start performing the procedure nationwide. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interventional Pulmonology: An Exciting New Subspecialty within Pulmonary Medicine)
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9 pages, 200 KiB  
Review
Bronchoscopy and Thermal Ablation: A Review Article
by Aristides J. Armas Villalba and Bruce F. Sabath
J. Respir. 2024, 4(1), 26-34; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor4010003 - 29 Jan 2024
Viewed by 545
Abstract
Thermal ablative techniques are part of the armamentarium of interventional pulmonologists for the treatment of a diverse range of pathologies, but most importantly used in airway obstruction and airway bleeding. These techniques can be categorized based on their onset of action into rapid [...] Read more.
Thermal ablative techniques are part of the armamentarium of interventional pulmonologists for the treatment of a diverse range of pathologies, but most importantly used in airway obstruction and airway bleeding. These techniques can be categorized based on their onset of action into rapid and delayed ablative methods. Understanding the nuances of each technique is essential, as most clinical scenarios demand a combination of modalities, commonly referred to as a “multi-modality approach”. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the fundamental principles of rapid ablative techniques, including laser therapy, argon plasma coagulation (APC), and electrocautery, along with the research that underpins their clinical application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interventional Pulmonology: An Exciting New Subspecialty within Pulmonary Medicine)
15 pages, 1493 KiB  
Review
Thoracentesis for the Diagnosis and Management of Pleural Effusions: The Current State of a Centuries-Old Procedure
by Michael J. Nicholson, Christopher Manley and Danish Ahmad
J. Respir. 2023, 3(4), 208-222; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor3040020 - 08 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2618
Abstract
Thoracentesis is a fundamental procedure in interventional pulmonology, providing both diagnostic and therapeutic value. This review article offers a comprehensive analysis of thoracentesis, delving into pleural anatomy, procedural techniques, indications, and recent advancements. The article details the evolution of thoracentesis, including the crucial [...] Read more.
Thoracentesis is a fundamental procedure in interventional pulmonology, providing both diagnostic and therapeutic value. This review article offers a comprehensive analysis of thoracentesis, delving into pleural anatomy, procedural techniques, indications, and recent advancements. The article details the evolution of thoracentesis, including the crucial role of ultrasound guidance and emerging approaches that enhance precision and minimize complications. It addresses the wide range of indications for thoracentesis in diverse clinical scenarios, from the diagnosis of pleural effusions to therapeutic drainage of pleural collections. Furthermore, this review explores the management of coagulopathy and anticoagulation pertaining to thoracentesis. It will also provide strategies for preventing and managing complications, ensuring that thoracentesis remains a well-tolerated procedure with minimal risks. This article concludes by examining future directions in thoracentesis, including potential innovations and trends that will shape the landscape of interventional pulmonary medicine. This review serves as an essential resource for pulmonologists, interventional radiologists, and healthcare professionals, offering a comprehensive update on thoracentesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interventional Pulmonology: An Exciting New Subspecialty within Pulmonary Medicine)
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