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Strength of Ship Structures
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Strength of Ship Structures

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 20347

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Murat Ozdemir

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0LZ, UK
Interests: buckling and ultimate strength; fracture mechanics; peridynamics; meshfree methods; viscoelasticity
Dr. Selda Oterkus

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0LZ, UK
Interests: offshore and subsea structures; fluid structure interaction; damage modelling; multiphysics analysis; composite structures; structural health monitoring; corrosion; fatigue
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Erkan Oterkus

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 100 Montrose Street, Glasgow G4 0LZ, UK
Interests: digital twins; structural health monitoring; structural analysis of offshore renewable energy devices; additive manufacturing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In this Special Issue, we aim to focus on the state of the art in the numerical, analytical, and experimental methods for reliable and economical assessment of strength of ship structures. Case studies for the novel engineering applications and review papers are welcome. A quick review process and open access publication will be provided for papers of high standard.

This Special Issue covers the following topics:

  • Structural response of ship hull under dynamic and quasistatic conditions.
  • Design and optimization of ship structures.
  • Grounding and crashworthiness of ship structures.
  • Buckling and ultimate strength of plates and stiffened panels.
  • Springing and whipping of ship hull girder
  • Fatigue and crack modelling of welded structures.
  • Uncertainty and reliability modelling.
  • Noise and vibration.
  • Corrosion of ship structural parts.
  • Structural health monitoring.
  • Composite design of ships.

Dr. Murat Ozdemir
Dr. Selda Oterkus
Prof. Dr. Erkan Oterkus
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ship structures
  • structural design
  • ultimate strength
  • fatigue and fracture
  • corrosion
  • noise and vibration
  • hydroelasticity
  • reliability of ship structures

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review, Other

2 pages, 163 KiB  
Editorial
Strength of Ship Structures
by Erkan Oterkus
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(7), 1452; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11071452 - 20 Jul 2023
Viewed by 893
Abstract
Ships are the main drivers of global transportation [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strength of Ship Structures)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review, Other

19 pages, 36978 KiB  
Article
Algorithms for the Recognition of the Hull Structures’ Elementary Plate Panels and the Determination of Their Parameters in a Ship CAD System
by Sergey Ryumin, Vladimir Tryaskin and Kirill Plotnikov
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(1), 189; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010189 - 11 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1414
Abstract
The article deals with some issues of geometric modeling of ship hull structures in specialized CAD system. Stiffened shells and platings should be idealized as a set of elementary plate panels for the purpose of structural design using local strength and buckling requirements. [...] Read more.
The article deals with some issues of geometric modeling of ship hull structures in specialized CAD system. Stiffened shells and platings should be idealized as a set of elementary plate panels for the purpose of structural design using local strength and buckling requirements. In the process of geometric modeling and creating the database for calculation, a special searching algorithm for closed loops of every panel should be used. This algorithm is to have good performance and versatility. In this paper, the authors suggest an original algorithm used in CADS-Hull software developed in SMTU. It is based on a regular field of points generation within the large contour of the considered structure. A series of rays is built from every point to find intersections. It is shown that this algorithm is quite good for structures (expansions, decks, bulkheads, etc.) with non-orthogonal boundaries. Some tasks for logical operations with found panels are also discussed. One of them is the clipping of a panel or plate polygon by boundaries of a considered structure (expansion contour, hull lines). The authors developed a generic method of polygons clipping. It is based on a rotation of clipping convex polygons together with the clipped polygons. All faces of the latter that are in the negative half-plane are removed. Some problems of collecting data for every found panel are discussed. An original algorithm of smaller and larger size definition for irregular and triangular panels is also given in this paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strength of Ship Structures)
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18 pages, 4943 KiB  
Article
Effect of the Torsion Box Dimensions on Local Stress Distribution and Fatigue Strength Assessment of a Container Ship
by Arturo Silva-Campillo and Francisco Pérez-Arribas
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(9), 1172; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091172 - 23 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2706
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to estimate the influence of the dimensions of the torsion box (height and width), of a 2400 TEU feeder-class container ship, on local stress distribution and assessment of local fatigue strength by using a numerical approach based [...] Read more.
The aim of this paper is to estimate the influence of the dimensions of the torsion box (height and width), of a 2400 TEU feeder-class container ship, on local stress distribution and assessment of local fatigue strength by using a numerical approach based on the fatigue limit-state and ultimate limit-state in the midship region. In terms of the fatigue limit-state, the effect of the dimensions of the torsion box is obtained by geometrical modifications, in the connection between the side shell longitudinal stiffeners with the transverse web frame for nine structural details, referring to different arrangements of strengthening elements (brackets and flat bars). The process of comparing the different elements determines the most effective combination. This structural influence on the local stress distribution is assessed, along the longitudinal plates between ordinary stiffeners bounding the perimeter of the torsion box, by calculating the hull girder stresses, local buckling stresses and shear stress distribution induced by vertical and horizontal shear forces, Saint Venant and warping torques, and finally the shear stresses induced by a warping moment. Scantling criteria are obtained allowing for a better design of this very important region in container ships. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strength of Ship Structures)
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11 pages, 2893 KiB  
Article
Effect of Variation in the Mass Ratio on Vortex-Induced Vibration of a Circular Cylinder in Crossflow Direction at Reynold Number = 104: A Numerical Study Using RANS Model
by Muhammad Usman Anwar, Maha M. A. Lashin, Niaz B. Khan, Adnan Munir, Mohammed Jameel, Riaz Muhammad, Kamel Guedri and Ahmed M. Galal
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(8), 1126; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081126 - 17 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2003
Abstract
This study reports on the numerical analysis of the impact of mass ratio on the Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) phenomenon of an elastically rigid cylinder, oscillating freely in a crossflow direction. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with (k-ω SST) model were used to analyze the [...] Read more.
This study reports on the numerical analysis of the impact of mass ratio on the Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) phenomenon of an elastically rigid cylinder, oscillating freely in a crossflow direction. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with (k-ω SST) model were used to analyze the flow behavior, amplitude ratio and vortex shedding patterns. The study was performed at constant Reynold number (Re) = 104 with reduced velocity (Ur) ranging from 2 to 14 and mass ratio (m*) of 2.4 and 11. The mass ratio was defined as the ratio between mass of the vibrating cylinder and mass of the fluid displaced. It was found that increasing the mass ratio from 2.4 to 11 resulted in decrease in amplitude response by 80%, 71% and 31% at initial branch, upper to lower transition region and lower branch, respectively. However, the amplitude in the upper branch decreased only 8% at high mass ratio. The peak amplitude observed in the present study was lower than previous experimental and DES results. However, the RANS k-ω SST well captured the vortex shedding modes of 2S, 2P, P + S, and 2T. In 2S mode, two single pairs of vortices were formed, whereas in 2P mode two pairs were generated in single oscillation. Similarly, P + S meant one pair and one individual vortex; whereas 2T mode meant two triplets of vortices generated in one oscillation. The study concluded that increase in mass ratio results in shortening of the lock-in region and decrease in amplitude response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strength of Ship Structures)
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24 pages, 5403 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Lightweight Structures in Bearing Impact Loads during Ice–Hull Interaction
by Harsha Cheemakurthy, Zuheir Barsoum, Magnus Burman and Karl Garme
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(6), 794; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10060794 - 09 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1805
Abstract
The current study focuses on the impact loading phase characteristic of thin first year ice in inland waterways. We investigate metal grillages, fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) composites and nature-inspired composites using LS Dyna. The impact mode is modelled as (a) simplified impact model [...] Read more.
The current study focuses on the impact loading phase characteristic of thin first year ice in inland waterways. We investigate metal grillages, fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) composites and nature-inspired composites using LS Dyna. The impact mode is modelled as (a) simplified impact model with a rigid-body impactor and (b) an experimentally validated ice model represented by cohesive zone elements. The structural concepts are investigated parametrically for strength and stiffness using the simplified model, and an aluminium alloy grillage is analysed with the ice model. The metal–FRP composite was found to be the most favourable concept that offered impact protection as well as being light weight. By weight, FRP composites with a Bouligand ply arrangement were the most favourable but prone to impact damage. Further, aluminium grillage was found to be a significant contender for a range of ice impact velocities. While the ice model is experimentally validated, a drawback of the simplified model is the lack of experimental data. We overcame this by limiting the scope to low velocity impact and investigating only relative structural performance. By doing so, the study identifies significant parameters and parametric trends along with material differences for all structural concepts. The outcomes result in the creation of a viable pool of lightweight variants that fulfil the impact loading phase. Together with outcomes from quasi-static loading phase, it is possible to develop a lightweight ice-going hull concept. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strength of Ship Structures)
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10 pages, 2634 KiB  
Article
EBSD Characterization of 7075 Aluminum Alloy and Its Corrosion Behaviors in SRB Marine Environment
by Zhiyuan Feng, Jiao Li, Jincai Ma, Yongjin Su, Xiaoyuan Zheng, Yu Mao and Zilong Zhao
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(6), 740; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10060740 - 27 May 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2659
Abstract
Aluminum alloy 7075 is an important engineering material for ship structures. However, the corrosion of Al alloys generally exists in various environments, especially in the marine environment. Currently, the corrosion behaviors of Al alloy 7075 in sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) marine environment has not [...] Read more.
Aluminum alloy 7075 is an important engineering material for ship structures. However, the corrosion of Al alloys generally exists in various environments, especially in the marine environment. Currently, the corrosion behaviors of Al alloy 7075 in sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) marine environment has not been well-addressed. In this paper, the corrosion effect of SRB on 7075 aluminum alloys was studied by adding SRB to real seawater. The microstructure and grain orientation of the super-hardness Al alloy 7075 were studied via the electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD)technology, and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test of the electrochemical corrosion behavior of 7075 in a variety of microorganisms, mainly SRB, in real seawater was continuously performed for 21 days. It was concluded that Al alloy 7075 has the strongest texture intensity on the (001), (111), (010), and (0–10) planes, which is 2.565. Adding SRB to real seawater accelerated the corrosion rate, and after corrosion on the 14th day, the protective film on the 7075 aluminum alloy surface was completely broken, and the impedance was significantly reduced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strength of Ship Structures)
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19 pages, 8959 KiB  
Article
Quality Analysis of AISI 321 Welds of Bellow Compensators Used in Shipbuilding
by Dejan Marić, Josip Cumin, Tomislav Šolić and Ivan Samardžić
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(4), 452; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10040452 - 23 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1996
Abstract
The production of compensators (expansion joints), and especially of bellows as their most demanding elements, requires the usage of stainless materials. These stainless materials exhibit certain particularities at welding (and quality control) since they are very thin, i.e., their thickness ranges usually from [...] Read more.
The production of compensators (expansion joints), and especially of bellows as their most demanding elements, requires the usage of stainless materials. These stainless materials exhibit certain particularities at welding (and quality control) since they are very thin, i.e., their thickness ranges usually from 0.12 to 3.00 mm. This paper starts with the elaboration of compensators and their application, and further presents characteristics of the material selected for experimental testing. In the second part, the paper continues with a description of the experiment referring to longitudinal welding of samples without filler material. The experiment focused on the determination of accurate characteristics of radiographic recordings and their assessment based on comparison with the tensile testing (mechanical properties), FEM numerical simulation and dimensional control. The paper also presents the analysis of obtained results and conclusions made thereof. The research hypothesis was to determine in what way the welding parameters affect the mechanical properties, the geometric shape of the welds, and the exploitation possibilities of the compensator. According to the performed experimental part and the performed testing of mechanical properties, all welded joints are acceptable for use. Nevertheless, according to the standard that prescribes the acceptability criteria of defects that occur in welded joints, some of tested samples were not suitable for operating conditions. Such kinds of welded sheets must be repaired or eliminated from further processing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strength of Ship Structures)
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23 pages, 8030 KiB  
Article
Lightweight Structural Concepts in Bearing Quasi-Static Ice Hull Interaction Loads
by Harsha Cheemakurthy, Zuheir Barsoum, Magnus Burman and Karl Garme
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(3), 416; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030416 - 13 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2121
Abstract
Lightweight ice-class vessels offer the possibility of increasing the payload capacity while making them comparable in energy consumption with non-ice-class vessels during ice-free periods. We approach the development of a lightweight hull by dividing ice–hull interactions into quasi-static loading and impact loading phases. [...] Read more.
Lightweight ice-class vessels offer the possibility of increasing the payload capacity while making them comparable in energy consumption with non-ice-class vessels during ice-free periods. We approach the development of a lightweight hull by dividing ice–hull interactions into quasi-static loading and impact loading phases. Then, investigative outcomes of lightweight concepts for each loading phase may be combined to develop a lightweight ice-going hull. In this study, we focus on the quasi-static loading phase characteristic of thin first-year ice in inland waterways. We investigate metal grillages, sandwich structures and stiffened sandwich structures parametrically using the finite element method. The model is validated using previous experimental studies. In total over 2000 cases are investigated for strength and stiffness with respect to mass. The stiffened sandwich was found to be the most favorable concept that offered both a light weight as well as high gross tonnage. Further, significant parameters and their interactions and material differences for the three structural concepts were investigated and their trends discussed. The outcomes result in the creation of a viable pool of lightweight variants that fulfill the quasi-static loading phase. Together with outcomes from the impact loading phase, a lightweight ice-going hull may be developed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strength of Ship Structures)
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Review

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17 pages, 2144 KiB  
Review
Advances in Modelling and Analysis of Strength of Corroded Ship Structures
by Krzysztof Woloszyk and Yordan Garbatov
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(6), 807; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10060807 - 13 Jun 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1985
Abstract
The present study reviews the recent advances in modelling and analyses the strength of corroded ship structures. Firstly, the time-variant methodologies that consider only the mean structural element thickness loss due to corrosion degradation are identified. Corrosion degradation is regarded as the phenomenon [...] Read more.
The present study reviews the recent advances in modelling and analyses the strength of corroded ship structures. Firstly, the time-variant methodologies that consider only the mean structural element thickness loss due to corrosion degradation are identified. Corrosion degradation is regarded as the phenomenon that causes uneven thinning of specimens. This has been captured by various researchers as the loss of mechanical properties of structural steel components. A review of the existing experimental and numerical studies shows significant interest in this field of study. The advances in modelling and analysis of structural behaviours of different ship structural components of larger sizes (including plates, stiffened plates and panels, and entire hull girders) are outlined. Research on the impact of general and pitting corrosion degradation is reviewed separately since the phenomena are different in terms of modelling and analysis. Additionally, recent advances concerning the reliability analysis of corroded ship structural components have also been reviewed. Finally, the general conclusions are drawn and future research topics are outlined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strength of Ship Structures)
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Other

16 pages, 8840 KiB  
Technical Note
Numerical Investigation on the Residual Ultimate Strength of Central-Cracked Stiffened Plates under Tensile and Bending Loads Using XFEM
by Guangzhong Liu, Zhenting Chen and Jiahao Zhou
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(2), 302; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020302 - 01 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1165
Abstract
The present paper aims to study the crack propagating behavior of a stiffened plate under tensile and bending displacement load loads. The extended finite element method (XFEM) is used to analyze the residual ultimate strength of stiffened plates with a central crack. The [...] Read more.
The present paper aims to study the crack propagating behavior of a stiffened plate under tensile and bending displacement load loads. The extended finite element method (XFEM) is used to analyze the residual ultimate strength of stiffened plates with a central crack. The quasi-static crack growth process is simulated by software ABAQUS. The validity of the grid is validated by the plate with a central crack. The numerical method is validated by comparing the fatigue crack growth rate of the round compact tension specimen (RCT) results of the extended finite element with experiment values. Influential parameters, including the size of the stiffened plates, heights of the stiffeners is varied, and uniaxial tensile and four-point bending models are analyzed. The results show that ultimate strength is reduced by the action of tensile and bending loads. The bottom plate and stiffener are destroyed with crack propagation, successively. With the increase in stiffener height, the crack resistance will also increase, thus restraining the central crack growth of stiffened plates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strength of Ship Structures)
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