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Propeller and Hydrofoil Hydrodynamics: Computational Modelling and Validation through Experimental...
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Propeller and Hydrofoil Hydrodynamics: Computational Modelling and Validation through Experimental Datasets

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2021) | Viewed by 10765

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Fabio Di Felice

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CNR-INM, National Research Council – Institute of Marine Engineering, Via di Vallerano 139, 00128 Rome, Italy
Interests: propulsion; rotor dynamics; wake flows; vortex dynamics; cavitation; non-intrusive flow diagnostic techniques
Dr. Francisco Alves Pereira

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CNR-INM, National Research Council – Institute of Marine Engineering, Via di Vallerano 139, 00128 Rome, Italy
Interests: multiphase flows; cavitation; bubble dynamics; propeller hydrodynamics; experimental methods for flow diagnostics
Dr. Francesco Salvatore

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CNR-INM, National Research Council—Institute of Marine Engineering, Via di Vallerano 139, 00128 Rome, Italy
Interests: marine propulsion; hydrokinetic turbines; hydrodynamics; cavitation; CFD validation; design
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has emerged as an effective tool for the analysis of the flow field around marine propulsors. The continuous improvement of computational tools for propeller and hydrofoil flows has been boosted by the simultaneous development of advanced experimental techniques providing detailed datasets suitable for benchmark validation studies. Basic comparisons addressing global performance are combined with comprehensive studies on flow features including vortex dynamics and flow detachment but also cavitation, acoustic emission, blade and foil stress and vibration analysis.

Paper submission is encouraged for publication in this Special Issue on topics related to all aspects of computation and validation by experiments of propeller and hydrofoil flows. The objective is to collect feedback on validation studies based on experimental data and to stimulate discussion on existing gaps and limitations and identify requirements for new datasets.

Relevant topics for the Special Issue include:

  • Propeller and hydrofoil flow in cavitating and non-cavitating regime
  • Hydro-elastic analysis of propellers and hydrofoils
  • Flapping hydrofoils
  • Piercing hydrofoils
  • Lifting hydrofoils
  • Suoercavitating hydrofoils and propellers
  • Propeller and hydrofoil cavitation and ventilation
  • Propeller wake development
  • Propeller-rudder and propeller-hull interactions
  • Propeller in oblique flow
  • Propeller in off-design conditions (bollard pull, acceleration, crash back)

We are looking forward to receiving your manuscripts.

Dr. Fabio Di Felice
Dr. Francisco Alves Pereira
Dr. Francesco Salvatore
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • marine propulsion
  • propeller
  • hydrofoil
  • hydrodynamics
  • cavitation
  • ventilation
  • fluid-structure interaction
  • CFD
  • EFD
  • validation
  • experimental datasets

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 8406 KiB  
Article
Cavitation and Induced Excitation Force of Ice-Class Propeller Blocked by Ice
by Pei Xu, Chao Wang, Liyu Ye, Chunyu Guo, Weipeng Xiong and Shen Wu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(6), 674; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060674 - 19 Jun 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2099
Abstract
The presence of broken ice in the flow field around a propeller causes severe blade erosion, shafting, and hull vibration. This study investigates the performance of the propeller of a ship sailing in the polar regions under the propeller–ice non-contact condition. To this [...] Read more.
The presence of broken ice in the flow field around a propeller causes severe blade erosion, shafting, and hull vibration. This study investigates the performance of the propeller of a ship sailing in the polar regions under the propeller–ice non-contact condition. To this end, we construct a test platform for the propeller-induced excitation force due to ice blockage in a large circulating water channel. The hydrodynamic load of the propeller, and the cavitation and propeller-induced fluctuating pressure, were measured and observed by varying the cavitation number and ice–propeller axial distance under atmospheric pressure and decompression conditions. The results show that the fluctuation range of the blade load increases with a decrease in cavitation number and ice–propeller axial distance. The decrease in the cavitation number leads to broadband characteristics in the frequency-domain curves of the propeller thrust coefficient and blade-bearing force. Under the combined effects of ice blockage and proximity, propeller suction, the circumfluence zone around the ice, and the Pirouette effect, propeller–hull vortex cavitation is generated between the ice and propeller. The decrease in cavitation number leads to a sharp increase in the amplitude of the high-order frequency of the propeller-induced fluctuating pressure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Propeller and Hydrofoil Hydrodynamics: Computational Modelling and Validation through Experimental Datasets)
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21 pages, 11755 KiB  
Article
A Generalized Hybrid RANSE/BEM Approach for the Analysis of Hull–Propeller Interaction in Off-Design Conditions
by Danilo Calcagni, Giulio Dubbioso, Alessandro Capone, Fabrizio Ortolani and Riccardo Broglia
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(5), 482; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9050482 - 30 Apr 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2059
Abstract
During maneuvers, propellers’ operation differs from their design due to strong modification of the wake field with respect to the straight-ahead motion. The consequent modification of the loads overstresses the mechanical components of the shaftline, exacerbates propeller side effects and worsens overall efficiency. [...] Read more.
During maneuvers, propellers’ operation differs from their design due to strong modification of the wake field with respect to the straight-ahead motion. The consequent modification of the loads overstresses the mechanical components of the shaftline, exacerbates propeller side effects and worsens overall efficiency. Therefore, the analysis of these situations in the early design phase is pivotal to increase the operation capabilities and safety at sea. This task relies on novel tools capable to accurately predict the complex flow field that develops past the hull and the propeller loads. Since the solution of the fully coupled problem with the rotating propeller by viscous flow solver is impractical for routine applications, hybrid approaches are a viable alternative. In this paper, an interactive RANSE/BEM methodology is presented, where the propeller is replaced by rotating body forces that map the actual loading state of the blades, allowing a fully unsteady analysis of hull–propeller interaction. The methodology is applied to the straight ahead and 8.4° pure drift motions of a twin screw propulsive configuration. Last, but not least, the study presents a validation study with accurate experimental data of the nominal wake field and single blade loads. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Propeller and Hydrofoil Hydrodynamics: Computational Modelling and Validation through Experimental Datasets)
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17 pages, 5997 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study on the Vibration and Noise Characteristics of a Delft Twist11 Hydrofoil
by Hong-Sik Hwang, Kwang-Jun Paik, Soon-Hyun Lee and Gisu Song
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(2), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9020144 - 30 Jan 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1854
Abstract
Underwater radiated noise (URN) is greatly increasing due to an increase in commercial shipping, sonar activities, and climate change. As a result, marine life is having difficulty communicating, and marine ecosystem disturbances are occurring. The noise from the cavitation of propellers is affecting [...] Read more.
Underwater radiated noise (URN) is greatly increasing due to an increase in commercial shipping, sonar activities, and climate change. As a result, marine life is having difficulty communicating, and marine ecosystem disturbances are occurring. The noise from the cavitation of propellers is affecting URN. Cavitation is a phenomenon in which rapid changes of pressure in a liquid lead to the formation of small vapor-filled cavities in places where the pressure is relatively low. This phenomenon results in poor efficiency of the propeller or turbine of a ship and noise, vibration, and erosion. For these reasons, this study examines the URN of sheet and cloud cavitation. A numerical analysis was done using a Delft Twist11 hydrofoil. The URN resulting from cloud cavitation and sheet cavitation was compared with the numerical results of previous studies. The results showed that URN normally increases due to pressure fluctuations when cavitation occurs. URN increased more significantly in conditions of cloud cavitation than in cavitation inception. It is also shown that a frequency begins to occur after the occurrence of the cloud cavitation, and the frequency grew as the cavitation fully developed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Propeller and Hydrofoil Hydrodynamics: Computational Modelling and Validation through Experimental Datasets)
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12 pages, 3523 KiB  
Article
Abatement of Ocean-Wave Impact by Crevasses in an Ice Shelf
by Yuri V. Konovalov
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010046 - 04 Jan 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1938
Abstract
Forced ice-shelf oscillations modeling was undertaken employing a full 3D finite-difference model of an elastic ice shelf that was coupled to a treatment of under-shelf seawater flux. The seawater flux was described by the wave equation, which includes the pressure excitements in the [...] Read more.
Forced ice-shelf oscillations modeling was undertaken employing a full 3D finite-difference model of an elastic ice shelf that was coupled to a treatment of under-shelf seawater flux. The seawater flux was described by the wave equation, which includes the pressure excitements in the shallow water layer under the ice shelf. Thus, ice-shelf flexure was produced by hydrostatic pressure oscillations in the below-shelf seawater. Numerical calculations were performed for an idealized rectangular crevasse-ridden ice-shelf geometry. The crevasses were modeled as rectangular notches into the ice shelf. In the numerical experiments, the ice-plate flexures were forced by harmonic-entering pressure oscillations having a range of periodicities 5–250 s. The dispersion spectra derived for a crevasse-ridden ice shelf revealed “band gaps”—frequency ranges where no eigenmodes exist. The results further showed that the impact of ocean waves on the ice plate is abated from the point of view of a decrease in the spectral average amplitude in the vicinity of the spectrum where the “band gaps” are observed. This impact depends on the depth of crevasse penetration to the ice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Propeller and Hydrofoil Hydrodynamics: Computational Modelling and Validation through Experimental Datasets)
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14 pages, 2243 KiB  
Article
Evolutionary Optimisation for Reduction of the Low-Frequency Discrete-Spectrum Force of Marine Propeller Based on a Data-Driven Surrogate Model
by Jing-Wei Jiang, Yang Yang, Tong-Wei Ren, Fei Wang and Wei-Xi Huang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010018 - 25 Dec 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1664
Abstract
For practical problems with non-convex, large-scale and highly constrained characteristics, evolutionary optimisation algorithms are widely used. However, advanced data-driven methods have yet to be comprehensively applied in related fields. In this study, a surrogate model combined with the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II-Differential [...] Read more.
For practical problems with non-convex, large-scale and highly constrained characteristics, evolutionary optimisation algorithms are widely used. However, advanced data-driven methods have yet to be comprehensively applied in related fields. In this study, a surrogate model combined with the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II-Differential Evolution (NSGA-II-DE) is applied to reduce the low-frequency Discrete-Spectrum (DS) force of propeller noise. Reduction of this force has drawn a lot of attention as it is the primary signal used in the sonar-based detection and identification of ships. In the present study, a surrogate model is proposed based on a trained Back-Propagation (BP) fully connected neural network, which improves the optimisation efficiency. The neural network is designed by analysing the depth and width of the hidden layers. The results indicate that a four-layer neural network with 64, 128, 256 and 64 nodes in each layer, respectively, exhibits the highest prediction accuracy. The prediction errors for the first order of DST, second order of DST and the thrust coefficient are only 0.21%, 5.71% and 0.01%, respectively. Data-Driven Evolutionary Optimisation (DDEO) is applied to a standard high-skew propeller to reduce DST. DDEO and a Traditional Evolutionary Optimisation Method (TEOM) obtain the same optimisation results, while the time cost of DDEO is only 0.68% that of the TEOM. Thus, the proposed DDEO is applicable to complex engineering problems in various fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Propeller and Hydrofoil Hydrodynamics: Computational Modelling and Validation through Experimental Datasets)
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