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Responses of Marine Invertebrates to Ocean Acidification: From Molecules to...
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Responses of Marine Invertebrates to Ocean Acidification: From Molecules to Organism

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 8283

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Valerio Matozzo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
Interests: bivalves; haemocytes; immunomarkers; stress response; emerging contaminants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maria Gabriella Marin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
Interests: bivalves; sea urchins; biomarkers; seawater acidification; emerging contaminats; Ecology, Hydrobiological , ecological disciplines (currently Marine Ecology and Marine Ecotoxicology) for undergraduate and graduate levels in Biological Sciences, Natural Sciences, Biology and Marine; the impacts of fishing and climate changes on bivalve species
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ocean acidification (OA) is occurring at a rate never recorded from the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. OA is the result of human-driven increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, that in turn are a consequence of fossil fuel burning and deforestation. Although the capability of seawater to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere is beneficial in terms of limiting increases in atmospheric CO2 levels, relevant changes may occur in the ocean chemistry, such as lowering of seawater pH and carbonate saturation. Decreased ocean pH has the potential to affect biological responses of living organisms, calcifying marine species in particular. In this context, it is crucial to investigate the effects of OA on marine biota.

In this Special Issue, we call for review and original research papers focused on the effects of ocean acidification to marine organisms, from molecule to organism level. Results of both field and laboratory studies are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Valerio Matozzo
Prof. Dr. Maria Gabriella Marin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Ocean acidification
  • Marine animals
  • Marine algae
  • Stress responses

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 4779 KiB  
Article
Structural and Functional Analyses of Motile Fauna Associated with Cystoseira brachycarpa along a Gradient of Ocean Acidification in a CO2-Vent System off Panarea (Aeolian Islands, Italy)
by Valentina Esposito, Rocco Auriemma, Cinzia De Vittor, Federica Relitti, Lidia Urbini, Martina Kralj and Maria Cristina Gambi
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(4), 451; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10040451 - 23 Mar 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2297
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA), one of the main climate-change-related stressors linked to increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, is considered an important threat to marine biodiversity and habitats. Studies on CO2-vents systems, naturally acidified environments that mimic future ocean scenarios, help [...] Read more.
Ocean acidification (OA), one of the main climate-change-related stressors linked to increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, is considered an important threat to marine biodiversity and habitats. Studies on CO2-vents systems, naturally acidified environments that mimic future ocean scenarios, help to explore the sensitivity of species and to understand how benthic communities rearrange their structure and functioning under the pressure of OA. We addressed this problem by studying the benthic invertebrates associated with a habitat-forming brown alga (Cystoseira brachycarpa) in the Bottaro crater vents system off Panarea island (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy), by sampling along an OA gradient from the proximity of the main venting area (station B3, pH 7.9) to a control zone (B1 station, pH 8.1). Samples were collected in September 2016 and 2018. A total of 184 taxa and 23 different functional traits have been identified, considering feeding habit, motility, size, reproductive and developmental biology, and occurrence of calcareous structures. Invertebrates are distributed according to the distance from the high venting zone and low pH levels and results very consistent between the two investigated years. In the low-pH area (B3), 43% of the species are selected. The functional traits of the fauna mirror this zonation pattern, mainly changing the relative proportion of the number of individuals of the various functional guilds along the OA gradient. Invertebrates inhabiting the low-pH zone are mainly composed of weakly or non-calcified species, with small size, burrower/tubicolous habit, omnivorous or suspension feeders, and with direct development and brooding habit. In the other stations, heavily calcified forms, herbivore and herbivore/detritivore, and with medium (1–5 cm) and large (>5 cm) sizes prevail, showing indirect benthic and planktic development. The taxonomic analysis, coupled with functional aspects, increases our prediction of which traits could be potentially more advantageous for species to adapt to the hypothesized scenarios of OA, and identify present and future winner and/or loser organisms in the future ocean of the Anthropocene. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responses of Marine Invertebrates to Ocean Acidification: From Molecules to Organism)
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14 pages, 8931 KiB  
Article
Ocean Acidification, but Not Environmental Contaminants, Affects Fertilization Success and Sperm Motility in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus
by Marco Munari, Alessandro Devigili, Giulia dalle Palle, Davide Asnicar, Paolo Pastore, Denis Badocco and Maria Gabriella Marin
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(2), 247; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020247 - 11 Feb 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2584
Abstract
Ocean acidification poses an increasing concern for broadcast spawning species that release gametes in the water column where fertilization occurs. Indeed, the functionality of gametes and their interactions may be negatively affected by reduced pH. Susceptibility to other environmental stressors, such as pollutants, [...] Read more.
Ocean acidification poses an increasing concern for broadcast spawning species that release gametes in the water column where fertilization occurs. Indeed, the functionality of gametes and their interactions may be negatively affected by reduced pH. Susceptibility to other environmental stressors, such as pollutants, may be also altered under acidified conditions, resulting in more detrimental effects. To verify this hypothesis, combined exposures to CO2-driven acidification and environmentally relevant concentrations (0.5 µg/L) of three contaminants (caffeine, diclofenac, and PFOS, all singularly or in mixture) were carried out to highlight potential negative effects on fertilization success and motility of sperm in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Our results showed a significant reduction in the percentage of fertilized eggs when sperm were pre-exposed to reduced pH (ambient pH minus 0.4 units) compared to that of controls (ambient, pH = 8.1). Sperm speed and motility also decreased when sperm were activated and then exposed at reduced pH. Conversely, at both pH values tested, no significant effect due to the contaminants, nor of their interaction with pH, was found on any of the biological endpoints considered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responses of Marine Invertebrates to Ocean Acidification: From Molecules to Organism)
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Review

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32 pages, 1967 KiB  
Review
Effects of Seawater Acidification on Echinoid Adult Stage: A Review
by Davide Asnicar and Maria Gabriella Marin
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(4), 477; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10040477 - 29 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2309
Abstract
The continuous release of CO2 in the atmosphere is increasing the acidity of seawater worldwide, and the pH is predicted to be reduced by ~0.4 units by 2100. Ocean acidification (OA) is changing the carbonate chemistry, jeopardizing the life of marine organisms, [...] Read more.
The continuous release of CO2 in the atmosphere is increasing the acidity of seawater worldwide, and the pH is predicted to be reduced by ~0.4 units by 2100. Ocean acidification (OA) is changing the carbonate chemistry, jeopardizing the life of marine organisms, and in particular calcifying organisms. Because of their calcareous skeleton and limited ability to regulate the acid–base balance, echinoids are among the organisms most threatened by OA. In this review, 50 articles assessing the effects of seawater acidification on the echinoid adult stage have been collected and summarized, in order to identify the most important aspects to consider for future experiments. Most of the endpoints considered (i.e., related to calcification, physiology, behaviour and reproduction) were altered, highlighting how various and subtle the effects of pH reduction can be. In general terms, more than 43% of the endpoints were modified by low pH compared with the control condition. However, animals exposed in long-term experiments or resident in CO2-vent systems showed acclimation capability. Moreover, the latitudinal range of animals’ distribution might explain some of the differences found among species. Therefore, future experiments should consider local variability, long-term exposure and multigenerational approaches to better assess OA effects on echinoids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responses of Marine Invertebrates to Ocean Acidification: From Molecules to Organism)
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