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Investigating the Air-Sea Interaction Processes
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Investigating the Air-Sea Interaction Processes

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Oceanography".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 2098

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Meer Mohammed Ali

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
Interests: monsoon and cyclone prediction; ocean–atmosphere interaction; remote sensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Iovino Dorotea

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
Interests: open ocean circulations at small and large scales; polar ocean dynamics; sea ice-ocean-atmosphere interplay; ocean modeling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The air–sea interface plays a crucial role in shaping the Earth's climate system. The exchange of heat, momentum, gases, and moisture between the atmosphere and the ocean, including the sub-surface layer, drives significant weather phenomena. In addition, the ocean heat content plays a crucial role in major atmospheric processes, such as cyclones and monsoons. This Special Issue seeks to advance our understanding of the physical, thermo-dynamic, chemical, and biological processes that govern air–sea interactions. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, these following subjects:

  • Dynamics of air–sea interactions: the investigation of the underlying mechanisms and feedback processes involved in the exchange of energy, momentum, and mass at the air–sea interface;
  • Ocean–atmosphere coupling: the analysis of the teleconnections between oceanic and atmospheric phenomena, as well as their influence on climate variability and extreme weather events;
  • Remote sensing of air–sea interactions: the utilization of satellite observations, remote sensing techniques, and in situ measurements to study the spatial and temporal characteristics of air–sea interactions;
  • Modeling and simulations: the development and improvement of numerical models and simulations to better represent air–sea interaction processes and their roles in climate and weather prediction;
  • Impacts of air–sea interactions on marine ecosystems: the examination of the influence of air–sea interactions on biological productivity, biogeochemical cycles, and ecosystem dynamics;
  • Ocean heat content: the study of the impact of heat content on atmospheric processes.

Dr. Meer Mohammed Ali
Dr. Iovino Dorotea
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • air–sea interaction
  • ocean heat content
  • ocean–atmosphere interaction
  • hurricanes
  • monsoons
  • El Niño
  • remote sensing
  • modelling and simulations

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 4117 KiB  
Article
Water Properties and Diffusive Convection in the Canada Basin
by Ling Qu, Shuangxi Guo, Shengqi Zhou, Yuanzheng Lu, Mingquan Zhu, Xianrong Cen, Di Li, Wei Zhou, Tao Xu, Miao Sun and Rui Zeng
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(2), 290; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12020290 - 05 Feb 2024
Viewed by 576
Abstract
The aim of this study is to better understand diffusive convection (DC) and its role in the upper ocean dynamic environment and sea ice melting in the Canada Basin. Based on a moored dataset with 6737 profiles collected from August 2003 to August [...] Read more.
The aim of this study is to better understand diffusive convection (DC) and its role in the upper ocean dynamic environment and sea ice melting in the Canada Basin. Based on a moored dataset with 6737 profiles collected from August 2003 to August 2011 in the upper layer of the Canada Basin, DC between the warm and salty Atlantic Water (AW) and the colder and less salty Lower Halocline Water (LHW) were investigated. The moorings were designated at four stations: A, B, C, and D, located at the southwestern, southeastern, northeastern, and northwestern parts of the basin, respectively. During the observation period, the temperature, salinity, and depth of the AW and LHW exhibited unique temporal variations. The temperature and salinity of the AW varied among stations, with a decreasing trend from northwest to southeast, consistent with the propagation path of the AW in the Canada Basin. The temperature and salinity of the LHW were similar at all stations. The AW and LHW cores were located between depths of 320–500 m and 160–300 m, respectively, and both gradually deepened over time. Distinct DC staircase structures were observed between the AW and LHW, more pronounced at stations C and D than at stations A and B, which is speculated to be related to eddies at stations A and B during the observation period. The vertical heat fluxes through the DC staircase layer at stations C and D (FHc_C and FHc_D) were estimated using an empirical formula. FHc_C ranged from 0.05 to 0.94 W/m2, and FHc_D ranged from 0.05 to 0.6 W/m2, with the maximum probability value for both at approximately 0.2 W/m2. The effective diffusivities at these two stations (KT_C and KT_D) are similar, ranging from 2 × 10−6 to 3 × 10−5 m2/s, with the highest probability occurring at 6 × 10−6 m2/s. Both the probability density function of the heat flux and the effective diffusivity skewed towards larger values and obey a lognormal distribution, indicating turbulence intermittency of the DC staircase in the Canada Basin. These finding offers new insights into the heat transport and turbulence in the DC staircase, and then bring a deeper understanding of sea ice melting in the Canada Basin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Investigating the Air-Sea Interaction Processes)
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Review

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25 pages, 1777 KiB  
Review
Irreversible Thermodynamics of Seawater Evaporation
by Rainer Feistel and Olaf Hellmuth
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(1), 166; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12010166 - 15 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1302
Abstract
Under typical marine conditions of about 80% relative humidity, evaporation of water from the ocean is an irreversible process accompanied by entropy production. In this article, equations are derived for the latent heat of irreversible evaporation and the related nonequilibrium entropy balance at [...] Read more.
Under typical marine conditions of about 80% relative humidity, evaporation of water from the ocean is an irreversible process accompanied by entropy production. In this article, equations are derived for the latent heat of irreversible evaporation and the related nonequilibrium entropy balance at the sea surface. To achieve this, linear irreversible thermodynamics is considered in a conceptual ocean evaporation model. The equilibrium thermodynamic standard TEOS-10, the International Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater—2010, is applied to irreversible evaporation under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium. The relevance of local equilibrium conditions for irreversible thermodynamics is briefly explained. New equations are derived for the mass flux of evaporation and for the associated nonequilibrium enthalpies and entropies. The estimated entropy production rate of ocean evaporation amounts to 0.004 W m−2 K−1 as compared with the average terrestrial global entropy production of about 1 W m−2 K−1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Investigating the Air-Sea Interaction Processes)
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