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Metals and Alloys for Biomedical Application
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Metals and Alloys for Biomedical Application

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983). This special issue belongs to the section "Bone Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2024 | Viewed by 4038

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dapeng Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
Interests: metallic biomaterials; biofunctionalization; mechanical behavior; surface modification; dental materials
Prof. Dr. Hong Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China
Interests: additive manufacturing; biomedical materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jing Bai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
Interests: high performance light metal; biomedical degradable metals; biomedical degradable composite materials; new medical degradable implantable devices; antibacterial and mildew proof materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Currently, metallic biomaterials are the class of materials with the largest use in the orthopedics, dental, and cardiac fields. Standard surgical implant materials include stainless steels, CoCr alloys, and titanium (Ti) alloys. These metallic biomaterials show a good combination of good corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties. However, the basic functions that these materials played are still very simple, such as supporting, fixation, and protecting. The lack of bio-functions limits their further applications. Therefore, the development of metallic biomaterials not only focuses on the improvement of mechanical behavior, but also aims to functionalize them and enhance their bioactivity. For instance, various surface treatments have been developed to improve the osseointegration of stainless steels and Ti alloys. In addition, biodegradable metals, such as magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) alloys, are considered potential ideal choices to deal with some specific clinical problems (e.g., bone fracture and vessel blockages).

It is our great pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue focusing on the design, fabrication, functionalization, and application of metallic biomaterials. Full papers, communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Dr. Dapeng Zhao
Prof. Dr. Hong Wu
Dr. Jing Bai
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Biomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metallic biomaterials
  • biofunctionalization
  • mechanical properties
  • surface modification
  • dental and orthopedics materials
  • Ti alloys
  • Mg alloys

Published Papers (3 papers)

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20 pages, 8320 KiB  
Article
Biomechanical Analysis of Axial Gradient Porous Dental Implants: A Finite Element Analysis
by Chunyu Zhang and Yuehong Wang
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(12), 557; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14120557 - 23 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1465
Abstract
The porous structure can reduce the elastic modulus of a dental implant and better approximate the elastic characteristics of the material to the alveolar bone. Therefore, it has the potential to alleviate bone stress shielding around the implant. However, natural bone is heterogeneous, [...] Read more.
The porous structure can reduce the elastic modulus of a dental implant and better approximate the elastic characteristics of the material to the alveolar bone. Therefore, it has the potential to alleviate bone stress shielding around the implant. However, natural bone is heterogeneous, and, thus, introducing a porous structure may produce pathological bone stress. Herein, we designed a porous implant with axial gradient variation in porosity to alleviate stress shielding in the cancellous bone while controlling the peak stress value in the cortical bone margin region. The biomechanical distribution characteristics of axial gradient porous implants were studied using a finite element method. The analysis showed that a porous implant with an axial gradient variation in porosity ranging from 55% to 75% was the best structure. Under vertical and oblique loads, the proportion of the area with a stress value within the optimal stress interval at the bone–implant interface (BII) was 40.34% and 34.57%, respectively, which was 99% and 65% higher compared with that of the non-porous implant in the control group. Moreover, the maximum equivalent stress value in the implant with this pore parameter was 64.4 MPa, which was less than 1/7 of its theoretical yield strength. Axial gradient porous implants meet the strength requirements for bone implant applications. They can alleviate stress shielding in cancellous bone without increasing the stress concentration in the cortical bone margin, thereby optimizing the stress distribution pattern at the BII. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metals and Alloys for Biomedical Application)
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15 pages, 28047 KiB  
Article
Adhesion and Activation of Blood Platelets on Laser-Structured Surfaces of Biomedical Metal Alloys
by Marta Kamińska, Aleksandra Jastrzębska, Magdalena Walkowiak-Przybyło, Marta Walczyńska, Piotr Komorowski and Bogdan Walkowiak
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(9), 478; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14090478 - 18 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1106
Abstract
The laser surface modification of metallic implants presents a promising alternative to other surface modification techniques. A total of four alloyed metallic biomaterials were used for this study: medical steel (AISI 316L), cobalt–chromium–molybdenum alloy (CoCrMo) and titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb). Samples of [...] Read more.
The laser surface modification of metallic implants presents a promising alternative to other surface modification techniques. A total of four alloyed metallic biomaterials were used for this study: medical steel (AISI 316L), cobalt–chromium–molybdenum alloy (CoCrMo) and titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb). Samples of metallic biomaterials after machining were subjected to polishing or laser modification in two different versions. The results of surface modification were documented using SEM imaging and roughness measurement. After modification, the samples were sterilized with dry hot air, then exposed to citrate blood, washed with PBS buffer, fixed with glutaraldehyde, sputtered with a layer of gold and imaged using SEM to enable the quantification of adhered, activated and aggregated platelets on the surface of biomaterial samples. The average total number, counted in the field of view, of adhered platelets on the surfaces of the four tested biomaterials, regardless of the type of modification, did not differ statistically significantly (66 ± 81, 67 ± 75, 61 ± 70 and 57 ± 61 for AISI 316L, CoCrMo, Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb, respectively) and the average number of platelet aggregates was statistically significantly higher (p < 0.01) on the surfaces of AISI 316L medical steel (42 ± 53) and of the CoCrMo alloy (42 ± 52) compared to the surfaces of the titanium alloys Ti6Al4V (33 ± 39) and Ti6Al7Nb (32 ± 37). Remaining blood after contact was used to assess spontaneous platelet activation and aggregation in whole blood by flow cytometry. An in-depth analysis conducted on the obtained results as a function of the type of modification indicates small but statistically significant differences in the interaction of platelets with the tested surfaces of metallic biomaterials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metals and Alloys for Biomedical Application)
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11 pages, 1960 KiB  
Brief Report
Corrosion Products from Metallic Implants Induce ROS and Cell Death in Human Motoneurons In Vitro
by Hannes Glaß, Anika Jonitz-Heincke, Janine Petters, Jan Lukas, Rainer Bader and Andreas Hermann
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(8), 392; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14080392 - 25 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 994
Abstract
Due to advances in surgical procedures and the biocompatibility of materials used in total joint replacement, more and younger patients are undergoing these procedures. Although state-of-the-art joint replacements can last 20 years or longer, wear and corrosion is still a major risk for [...] Read more.
Due to advances in surgical procedures and the biocompatibility of materials used in total joint replacement, more and younger patients are undergoing these procedures. Although state-of-the-art joint replacements can last 20 years or longer, wear and corrosion is still a major risk for implant failure, and patients with these implants are exposed for longer to these corrosive products. It is therefore important to investigate the potential effects on the whole organism. Released nanoparticles and ions derived from commonly used metal implants consist, among others, of cobalt, nickel, and chromium. The effect of these metallic products in the process of osteolysis and aseptic implant loosening has already been studied; however, the systemic effect on other cell types, including neurons, remains elusive. To this end, we used human iPSC-derived motoneurons to investigate the effects of metal ions on human neurons. We treated human motoneurons with ion concentrations regularly found in patients, stained them with MitoSOX and propidium iodide, and analyzed them with fluorescence-assisted cell sorting (FACS). We found that upon treatment human motoneurons suffered from the formation of ROS and subsequently died. These effects were most prominent in motoneurons treated with 500 μM of cobalt or nickel, in which we observed significant cell death, whereas chromium showed fewer ROS and no apparent impairment of motoneurons. Our results show that the wear and corrosive products of metal implants at concentrations readily available in peri-implant tissues induced ROS and subsequently cell death in an iPSC-derived motoneuron cell model. We therefore conclude that monitoring of neuronal impairment is important in patients undergoing total joint replacement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metals and Alloys for Biomedical Application)
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