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Antibacterial, Antifungal Properties and Toxicity from Metallic Nanomaterials
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Antibacterial, Antifungal Properties and Toxicity from Metallic Nanomaterials

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibacterial Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 12830

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Luca Scotti

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Guest Editor
Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Interests: green synthesis; metal nanoclusters; microbiological application; biochemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Antonio Aceto

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Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Scienze Orali, University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Interests: chromatography; medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry; mass spectrometry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanomaterials play an important role in modern society, which will increase in the future. Possessing multidrug resistance (MDR) and virulence by microorganisms are pivots for the discovery of a new pharmacology therapy approach. The persistence of MDR microorganisms in clinical and food environments is favored by biofilm formation and it is considered a real threat to human health. In recent decades, MDR pathogens are an increasing public health concern around the world. The interest in nanomaterials derives from the need to use a new therapy as a substitution in conjunction with organic compounds already in use. The limited toxic effects in humans who encounter them are not yet well known. From the field of medicine to industrial packaging, research on nanomaterials is showing increasing interest among researchers. The new evidence in metal nanoparticles is important for future applications. The new metal nanoparticles are showing increasingly remarkable advances in various applications. It is important to discuss and investigate the antibacterial properties of these new metal nanomaterials, in order to inform the scientific community about the existing possibilities in this field and to provide inspiration for future research.

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for the Special Issue “Antibacterial Properties and Toxicity from Metallic Nanomaterials”. The broad scope of this Special Issue provides an excellent opportunity to submit full papers, short communications, or review papers related to this topic.

Dr. Luca Scotti
Prof. Antonio Aceto
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Biomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanomaterials
  • colloids
  • metal oxidation state
  • antibacterial and antifungals properties
  • pharmaceuticals applications

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 53815 KiB  
Article
Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Augmented Anticancer Activity of ZrO2 Doped ZnO/rGO Nanocomposite
by Maqusood Ahamed, Rashid Lateef, M. A. Majeed Khan, Pavan Rajanahalli and Mohd Javed Akhtar
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14010038 - 09 Jan 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1948
Abstract
Fabrication of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) via green process has received enormous attention for its application in biomedicine. Here, a simple and cost-effective green route is reported for the synthesis of ZrO2-doped ZnO/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (ZnO/ZrO2/rGO NCs) exploiting ginger [...] Read more.
Fabrication of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) via green process has received enormous attention for its application in biomedicine. Here, a simple and cost-effective green route is reported for the synthesis of ZrO2-doped ZnO/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (ZnO/ZrO2/rGO NCs) exploiting ginger rhizome extract. Our aim was to improve the anticancer performance of ZnO/ZrO2/rGO NCs without toxicity to normal cells. The preparation of pure ZnO NPs, ZnO/ZrO2 NCs, and ZnO/ZrO2/rGO NCs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). XRD spectra of ZnO/ZrO2/rGO NCs exhibited two distinct sets of diffraction peaks, ZnO wurtzite structure, and ZrO2 phases (monoclinic + tetragonal). The SEM and TEM data show that ZrO2-doped ZnO particles were uniformly distributed on rGO sheets with the excellent quality of lattice fringes without alterations. PL spectra intensity and particle size of ZnO decreased after ZrO2-doping and rGO addition. DLS data demonstrated that green prepared samples show excellent colloidal stability in aqueous suspension. Biological results showed that ZnO/ZrO2/rGO NCs display around 3.5-fold higher anticancer efficacy in human lung cancer (A549) and breast cancer (MCF7) cells than ZnO NPs. A mechanistic approach suggested that the anticancer response of ZnO/ZrO2/rGO NCs was mediated via oxidative stress evident by the induction of the intracellular reactive oxygen species level and the reduction of the glutathione level. Moreover, green prepared nanostructures display good cytocompatibility in normal cell lines; human lung fibroblasts (IMR90) and breast epithelial (MCF10A) cells. However, the cytocompatibility of ZnO/ZrO2/rGO NCs in normal cells was better than those of pure ZnO NPs and ZnO/ZrO2 NCs. Augmented anticancer potential and improved cytocompatibility of ZnO/ZrO2/rGO NCs was due to ginger extract mediated beneficial synergism between ZnO, ZrO2, and rGO. This novel investigation emphasizes the significance of medicinal herb mediated ZnO-based NCs synthesis for biomedical research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibacterial, Antifungal Properties and Toxicity from Metallic Nanomaterials)
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20 pages, 2564 KiB  
Article
Comparison of In Vitro Approaches to Assess the Antibacterial Effects of Nanomaterials
by Abdulkader Masri, David M. Brown, David G. E. Smith, Vicki Stone and Helinor J. Johnston
J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(4), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13040255 - 19 Nov 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2588
Abstract
The antibacterial properties of nanomaterials (NMs) can be exploited in a range of consumer products (e.g., wound dressings, food packaging, textiles, medicines). There is also interest in the exploitation of NMs as treatments for infectious diseases to help combat antibiotic resistance. Whilst the [...] Read more.
The antibacterial properties of nanomaterials (NMs) can be exploited in a range of consumer products (e.g., wound dressings, food packaging, textiles, medicines). There is also interest in the exploitation of NMs as treatments for infectious diseases to help combat antibiotic resistance. Whilst the antibacterial activity of NMs has been assessed in vitro and in vivo in numerous studies, the methodology used is very varied. Indeed, while numerous approaches are available to assess the antibacterial effect of NMs in vitro, they have not yet been systematically assessed for their suitability and sensitivity for testing NMs. It is therefore timely to consider what assays should be prioritised to screen the antibacterial properties of NMs. The majority of existing in vitro studies have focused on investigating the antibacterial effects exhibited by silver (Ag) NMs and have employed a limited range of assays. We therefore compared the antibacterial effects of copper oxide (CuO) NMs to Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis at various concentrations (12.5–200 µg/mL) using a battery of tests (well and disc diffusion, plate counts—time-kill method, optical density measurement—OD, Alamar Blue and live/dead viability assays, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction). CuO NMs were most toxic to B. subtilis and E. coli, while P. aeruginosa was the least sensitive strain. All assays employed detected the antibacterial activity of CuO NMs; however, they varied in their sensitivity, time, cost, technical difficulty and requirement for specialized equipment. In the future, we suggest that a combination of approaches is used to provide a robust assessment of the antibacterial activity of NMs. In particular, we recommend that the time-kill and OD assays are prioritised due to their greater sensitivity. We also suggest that standard operating protocols are developed so that the antibacterial activity of NMs can be assessed using a harmonised approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibacterial, Antifungal Properties and Toxicity from Metallic Nanomaterials)
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17 pages, 4154 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of Iron Oxide, Polyethylene Glycol, and Gentamicin Conjugated Nanoparticles against Some Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
by Farah M. Abdulsada, Nehia N. Hussein, Ghassan M. Sulaiman, Amer Al Ali and Muhanad Alhujaily
J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(3), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13030138 - 02 Sep 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2946
Abstract
Antibacterial resistance is observed as a public health issue around the world. Every day, new resistance mechanisms appear and spread over the world. For that reason, it is imperative to improve the treatment schemes that have been developed to treat infections caused by [...] Read more.
Antibacterial resistance is observed as a public health issue around the world. Every day, new resistance mechanisms appear and spread over the world. For that reason, it is imperative to improve the treatment schemes that have been developed to treat infections caused by wound infections, for instance, Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis), and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii). In this case, we proposed a method that involves mixing the Gentamicin (Gen) with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) and a polymer (polyethylene glycol (PEG)) with Fe3O4 NPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to characterize Fe3O4 NPs. Zeta potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were also assessed. The antibacterial activity of Fe3O4 NPs, Fe3O4 NPs+PEG, Fe3O4 NPs+Gen, and Fe3O4 NPs+PEG+Gen composites was investigated. The results showed a significant improvement in the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles against bacterial isolates, especially for the Fe3O4 NPs+PEG+Gen as the diameter of the inhibition zone reached 26.33 ± 0.57 mm for A. baumannii, 25.66 ± 0.57 mm for P. mirabilis, and 23.66 ± 0.57 mm for S. epidermidis. The Fe3O4 NPs, Fe3O4 NPs+PEG, Fe3O4+Gen, and Fe3O4+PEG+Gen also showed effectiveness against the biofilm produced by these isolated bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Fe3O4 NPs for S. epidermidis was 25 µg mL−1 and for P. mirabilis and A. baumannii was 50 µg mL−1. The findings suggest that the prepared nanoparticles could be potential therapeutic options for treating wound infections caused by S. epidermidis, P. mirabilis, and A. baumannii. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibacterial, Antifungal Properties and Toxicity from Metallic Nanomaterials)
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Review

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21 pages, 4576 KiB  
Review
Effect of Size, Shape and Surface Functionalization on the Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles
by Arianna Menichetti, Alexandra Mavridi-Printezi, Dario Mordini and Marco Montalti
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(5), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14050244 - 26 Apr 2023
Cited by 44 | Viewed by 4627
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most investigated antibacterial agents against multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens. They can lead to cellular death by means of different mechanisms, damaging several cell compartments, from the external membrane, to enzymes, DNA and proteins; this simultaneous attack amplifies the [...] Read more.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most investigated antibacterial agents against multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens. They can lead to cellular death by means of different mechanisms, damaging several cell compartments, from the external membrane, to enzymes, DNA and proteins; this simultaneous attack amplifies the toxic effect on bacteria with respect to traditional antibiotics. The effectiveness of AgNPs against MDR bacteria is strongly correlated with their chemical and morphological properties, which influence the pathways involved in cellular damage. In this review, AgNPs’ size, shape and modification by functional groups or other materials are reported, both to investigate the different synthetic pathways correlated with nanoparticles’ modifications and to evaluate the related effect on their antibacterial activity. Indeed, understanding the synthetic conditions for obtaining performing antibacterial AgNPs could help to tailor new and improved silver-based agents to combat multidrug resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibacterial, Antifungal Properties and Toxicity from Metallic Nanomaterials)
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