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Hypertension in Childhood and Adolescence
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Hypertension in Childhood and Adolescence

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Pediatrics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2024 | Viewed by 3769

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Roberto Pedrinelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Società Italiana di Cardiologia (SIC), Via Po, 24, 00198 Roma, Italy
Interests: arterial hypertension; cardiovascular risk factors; cardiovascular prevention; congestive heart failure; metabolic syndrome; cardiovascular pharmacology
Prof. Dr. Giovanni Di Salvo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University-Hospital of Padova, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
Interests: congenital heart disease; cardiac imaging; atrial fibrillation; cardiac function; echocardiography; heart failure; clinical cardiology; chronic heart failure

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although most of the adverse effects of chronic systemic hypertension (HT) develop in adulthood, it has become clear that HT often manifests early in life, but relatively scarce attention is paid to this problem. Therefore, actions focused on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of HT in childhood and adolescence are of utmost importance to develop a consensus across different research fields and attract more attention to this particular problem on the part of pediatricians and cardiologists.

 The aspects that demand action include the definition of childhood and adolescent HT, validation of measurement techniques for its early identification and assessment of HT-mediated organ damage, diagnosis and long term prognosis of secondary causes of HT, including aortic coartaction and other congenital heart diseases, metabolic syndrome and the pathophysiological relationships of childhood HT with hypertensive disease during pregnancy.

Other topics of primary interest include the evaluation of the prevalence of childhood HT in Europe and the US, as well as developing countries, and its impact on the development of cardio- and cerebrovascular disease in adult life, in addition to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies and their implementation through the use of telemedicine and artificial intelligence.

From this perspective, Prof Di Salvo and I are delighted to announce the launch of a Special Issue on HT in children and adolescents sponsored by the Italian Society of Cardiology and its Working Group on Congenital Heart Disease and Cardiovascular Prevention in Pediatric Age.

The aim of this Special Issue is to emphasize and expand our knowledge on the broad spectrum of unmet research questions with the publication of basic research papers, clinical papers, and systematic or scoping reviews written by eminent authors throughout the world.

Prof. Dr. Roberto Pedrinelli
Prof. Dr. Giovanni Di Salvo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hypertension
  • congenital heart disease
  • paediatric cardiology
  • life style
  • cardiovascular prevention
  • paediatric age
  • secondary hypertension
  • endocrine disorders
  • adolescence
  • childhood
  • cardiovascular pharmacology
  • artificial intelligence

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 301 KiB  
Article
The Association between Mid-Upper Arm Circumference and Blood Pressure in an Italian Population of School-Aged Children and Adolescents with Lipid Disorders
by Francesco Martino, Tarcisio Niglio, Francesco Barillà, Eliana Martino, Vincenzo Paravati and Pier Paolo Bassareo
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(3), 663; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13030663 - 24 Jan 2024
Viewed by 772
Abstract
Background: Many anthropometric measurements have been investigated concerning their association with blood pressure (BP) in paediatric age groups. This study aims to find a relationship between mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and BP in a population of children and adolescents aged 1–18 years. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: Many anthropometric measurements have been investigated concerning their association with blood pressure (BP) in paediatric age groups. This study aims to find a relationship between mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and BP in a population of children and adolescents aged 1–18 years. Methods: 5853 subjects (2977 females and 2876 males) were studied. MUAC, body mass index (BMI), and BP were measured. The individuals in the study were subdivided and grouped by gender and type of school attended in Italy: 1–5 years (pre-school), 6–10 years (primary school), 11–13 years (secondary school), 14–18 years (high school). Results: In the age range of 6–13 years, all the subjects with MUAC > 50th percentile had systolic and diastolic BP significantly higher than children with MUAC below 50th percentile (p < 0.0001). In the age range 14–18 years, the relationship persisted only in females (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 for diastolic and systolic BP, respectively). A linear relationship was found between MUAC and BMI. Conclusions: In Italian children of both genders aged 6–13, arm distribution of body fat is strongly associated with increased systolic and diastolic BP. As such, a simple anthropometric measurement like MUAC might represent a tool to identify young subjects who are at risk for HTN. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypertension in Childhood and Adolescence)
13 pages, 667 KiB  
Article
Guideline-Adherent Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: A Multi-Institutional Database Analysis from Taiwan
by Shao-Ju Chien, Lung-Chih Li, Hsiao-Ching Kuo, You-Lin Tain and Chien-Ning Hsu
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(13), 4367; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134367 - 28 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1113
Abstract
Background/Aims: Childhood-onset hypertension is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and adult mortality. This study aimed to assess guideline-adherent hypertension among Taiwanese youth and the agreement on hypertension between the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines and the 2004 Fourth Report. Methods: In this cross-sectional [...] Read more.
Background/Aims: Childhood-onset hypertension is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and adult mortality. This study aimed to assess guideline-adherent hypertension among Taiwanese youth and the agreement on hypertension between the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines and the 2004 Fourth Report. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we collected outpatient blood pressure (OBP) measurements obtained during routine care visits from a large healthcare delivery system between 2009 and 2018 to evaluate the rate of guideline-adherent hypertension and assess patient-related factors of pediatric hypertension. Results: In total, 12,469 children and adolescents who underwent three separate ≥3 OBP measurements over 33,369 person-years with a total of 95,608 BP measurements in an outpatient setting were analyzed. According to the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines, the rate of pediatric hypertension in the study setting, which included participants aged 1 to 17 years, ranged from 0.78 to 5.95 per 1000 persons. Although there was perfect agreement between the thresholds of the two guidelines for defining hypertension in the age groups of 1–7, 8–12, and 13–17 years (all κ statistic ≥ 0.85), the use of the AAP threshold classified more adolescents as having hypertension. Children and adolescents with hypertension often had complex chronic diseases and required substantial healthcare services in outpatient, emergency, and inpatient settings. Conclusions: The present study provides evidence of guideline-adherent pediatric hypertension and highlights the importance of regularly monitoring blood pressure to identify and manage hypertension in children and adolescents. Further research is required to determine the impact of new thresholds on the detection of target organ damage at a pediatric age. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypertension in Childhood and Adolescence)
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Review

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14 pages, 3558 KiB  
Review
Non-Invasive Imaging Assessment in Patients with Aortic Coarctation: A Contemporary Review
by Isabella Leo, Jolanda Sabatino, Martina Avesani, Sara Moscatelli, Francesco Bianco, Nunzia Borrelli, Rosalba De Sarro, Benedetta Leonardi, Giuseppe Calcaterra, Elena Surkova, Giovanni Di Salvo and on behalf of the Working Group on Congenital Heart Disease, Cardiovascular Prevention in Paediatric Age of the Italian Society of Cardiology (SIC)
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010028 - 20 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1539
Abstract
Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a congenital abnormality characterized by a narrowing of the aortic lumen, which can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated. Even after repair and despite significant advances in therapeutic management, these patients have overall reduced [...] Read more.
Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a congenital abnormality characterized by a narrowing of the aortic lumen, which can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated. Even after repair and despite significant advances in therapeutic management, these patients have overall reduced long-term survival due to the consequences of chronic afterload increase. Cardiovascular imaging is key from the first diagnosis to serial follow-up. In recent years, novel imaging techniques have emerged, increasing accessibility to advanced imaging modalities and enabling early and non-invasive identification of complications after repair. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the role of different imaging techniques in the evaluation and management of patients with native or repaired CoA, highlighting their unique strengths and limitations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hypertension in Childhood and Adolescence)
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