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Plasma Cell Dyscrasias–Laboratory and Clinical Insights
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Plasma Cell Dyscrasias–Laboratory and Clinical Insights

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Hematology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2022) | Viewed by 12449

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Olga Ciepiela

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Guest Editor
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: laboratory medicine; hematology; immunology; plasma cell dyscrasias; electrophoresis; flow cytometry
Dr. Anna Waszczuk-Gajda

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Hematology, Oncology and Internal Diseases Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: multiply myeloma; plasma cell dyscrasias; MDS; transplantation; novel drugs; lymphoproliferative disorders; clinical oncology; solid tumors
Prof. Dr. David H. Vesole

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Georgetown University, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
Interests: plasma cell dyscrasia; monoclonal gammopathy; hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plasma cell dyscrasias are a heterogeneous group of disorders, producing monoclonal protein, that arise from the proliferation of the monoclonal plasma cells. In this Special Issue, we would like to update the advances in the following diseases: multiple myeloma, light chain amyloidosis (AL), light chain deposition disease (LCDD), heavy chain deposition disease (HCDD), POEMS syndrome, monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance and monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance, but also lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is identified in 3% of the population of 50 years of age or older. The risk of progression to one of the above-mentioned diseases is approximately 1% per year. 

Newer diagnostics methods and monitoring techniques of plasma cell dyscrasia allow for more accurate diagnosis and detection of early relapse. The number of patients with multiple myeloma has been increasing, which is the result of both more effective diagnosis and a significant prolongation of survival of patients with multiple myeloma. The introduction of novel classes of agents and treatment methods has led to improved response, longer progression-free survival and overall survival. 

The aim of this Special Issue is to report an overview of the latest research on the diagnosis,  management and outcome of these diseases.  This Special Issue welcomes all types of papers on the broad spectrum of clinical characteristics, laboratory and clinical diagnosis, prognosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of plasma cell dyscrasia, as well as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Dr. Olga Ciepiela
Dr. Anna Waszczuk-Gajda
Prof. Dr. David H. Vesole
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • monoclonal gammopathy of undermined significance (MGUS, monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS)
  • amyloidosis light chains (AL)
  • multiple myeloma (MM)
  • plasma cell dyscrasias
  • POEMS syndrome
  • lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
  • Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia
  • light chain deposition disease (LCDD)
  • heavy chain deposition disease (HCDD)
  • monoclonal protein
  • M-spike

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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25 pages, 4610 KiB  
Article
Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Larynx and Secondary Laryngeal Involvement in Plasma Cell Myeloma: Single-Centre Retrospective Analysis and Systematic Literature Review
by Elżbieta Szczepanek, Joanna Drozd-Sokołowska, Jacek Sokołowski, Anna Rzepakowska, Arkadiusz Moskwa, Jakub Pachla, Jakub Grzybowski, Katarzyna Woźnica, Kazimierz Niemczyk and Krzysztof Jamroziak
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(15), 4390; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11154390 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2010
Abstract
The involvement of the larynx in plasma cell myeloma (PCM) may manifest as solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the larynx (sEMP-L) or as infiltration of the larynx during newly diagnosed or relapsed systemic disease with bone marrow involvement (plasma cell myeloma with laryngeal involvement, [...] Read more.
The involvement of the larynx in plasma cell myeloma (PCM) may manifest as solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the larynx (sEMP-L) or as infiltration of the larynx during newly diagnosed or relapsed systemic disease with bone marrow involvement (plasma cell myeloma with laryngeal involvement, PCM-L). To increase knowledge about these rare conditions, we performed a retrospective analysis along with a comprehensive literature review of cases of sEMP-L or PCM-L. Six patients (two sEMP-L and four PCM-L) were identified in our tertiary laryngological centre from 2009 to 2021, constituting 0.88% of all malignant laryngeal tumours. The literature search yielded 187 cases, including 152 sEMP-L and 35 sPCM-L. A comparison of baseline characteristics between sEMP-L and PCM-L performed in the combined cohort of cases from literature review and retrospective analysis revealed that patients with sEMP-L were younger (56 vs. 64 years, p ≤ 0.001) and presented less commonly with thyroid or cricoid cartilage involvement (2.2% vs. 30.8%, p ≤ 0.001). The prognosis of sEMP-L was better than PCM-L (overall survival 86% vs. 55% at 5 years, p = 0.002). Analysis of potential factors that could influence progression-free survival (PFS) in the group of sEMP-L revealed that male sex and cartilage involvement negatively affected PFS in univariate analyses, while only cartilage involvement retained statistical significance in multivariate analysis (HR = 19.94, p = 0.024). In conclusion, PCM with laryngeal involvement is sporadic. Secondary involvement of the larynx during PCM might be more common than sEMP-L and is associated with worse survival. The involvement of cartilage adversely influences the outcome of sEMP-L. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Cell Dyscrasias–Laboratory and Clinical Insights)
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14 pages, 1970 KiB  
Article
Immunophenotypic Characteristics of Bone Marrow Microenvironment Cellular Composition at the Biochemical Progression of Multiple Myeloma
by Agnieszka Krzywdzińska, Bartosz Puła, Donata Szymczak, Aneta Milanowska, Agnieszka Szeremet and Krzysztof Jamroziak
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(13), 3722; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133722 - 27 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1554
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) relapses are inevitable in the majority of patients, and in addition to genetic changes in the MM clone, the immune profile of the bone marrow (BM) plays a key role in this process. Biochemical progression or relapse (BR) precedes clinical [...] Read more.
Multiple myeloma (MM) relapses are inevitable in the majority of patients, and in addition to genetic changes in the MM clone, the immune profile of the bone marrow (BM) plays a key role in this process. Biochemical progression or relapse (BR) precedes clinical relapse in a significant proportion of patients with MM. In the present study, we used flow cytometry to assess the cellular composition of the BM microenvironment in MM patients with confirmed BR. Fifteen distinct cells subsets in the BM were evaluated with the panel of antibodies used routinely for MRD monitoring in MM in 52 patients with MM (MRD-negative n = 20, BR n = 20, and clinically relapsed MM, RMM n = 12). The median percentage of MM cells detected in BR patients was 0.90% versus not detectable in MRD-negative patients and of 3.0% in RMM cohort. Compared to the MRD-negative group, BR status was associated with an increase in the percentage of lymphoid subpopulations, including memory B cells (p = 0.003), CD27+T cells (p = 0.002), and NK/NKT cells (p < 0.001). Moreover, a decrease in B-cell precursors (p < 0.001) and neutrophils (p = 0.006) was observed. There were no significant differences in the composition of the BM cell subpopulations between the BR and RMM groups. Our results indicate the involvement of B-, T-, and NK cells in the process of losing immune surveillance over the MM clone that leads to relapse. It can be speculated that similar studies of a larger cohort of BR patients can potentially identify a group of patients for which an early treatment intervention would be beneficial. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Cell Dyscrasias–Laboratory and Clinical Insights)
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10 pages, 1043 KiB  
Article
Complications of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma: Results from the CALM Study
by Anna Waszczuk-Gajda, Olaf Penack, Giulia Sbianchi, Linda Koster, Didier Blaise, Péter Reményi, Nigel Russell, Per Ljungman, Marek Trneny, Jiri Mayer, Simona Iacobelli, Guido Kobbe, Christof Scheid, Jane Apperley, Cyrille Touzeau, Stig Lenhoff, Esa Jantunen, Achilles Anagnostopoulos, Laura Paris, Paul Browne, Catherine Thieblemont, Nicolaas Schaap, Jorge Sierra, Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha, Laurent Garderet, Jan Styczynski, Helene Schoemans, Ivan Moiseev, Rafael F. Duarte, Zinaida Peric, Silvia Montoto, Anja van Biezen, Malgorzata Mikulska, Mahmoud Aljurf, Tapani Ruutu, Nicolaus Kröger, Curly Morris, Christian Koenecke, Stefan Schoenland and Grzegorz W. Basakadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(12), 3541; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11123541 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2295
Abstract
Background: The main goal of this post hoc analysis of the Collaboration to Collect Autologous Transplant Outcomes in Lymphoma and Myeloma (CALM) study was to evaluate the rate of short- and long-term infectious and non-infectious complications occurring after ASCT in patients with multiple [...] Read more.
Background: The main goal of this post hoc analysis of the Collaboration to Collect Autologous Transplant Outcomes in Lymphoma and Myeloma (CALM) study was to evaluate the rate of short- and long-term infectious and non-infectious complications occurring after ASCT in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Methods: The analysis included all patients with MM from the CALM study who underwent ≥1 ASCT. The primary endpoint of the analysis was to determine the rate of infectious and non-infectious complications after ASCT and to compare them in three time periods: 0–100 days, 101 days–1 year, and >1 year after the first transplant. Results: The analysis included a total of 3552 patients followed up for a median of 56.7 months (range 0.4–108.1). Complication rates decreased with the time from ASCT with 24.85 cases per 100 patient-years from day 0 to 100 days after the transplant, and <2.31 cases per 100 patient-years from the 101st day. At 100 days after ASC T, 45.7% of patients had complications, with infectious events being twice as frequent as non-infectious complications. Bacterial infections (6.5 cases per 100 patient-years, 95% CI: 6.1–7.0) and gastrointestinal complications (4.7 cases per 100 patient-years, 95% CI: 4.3–5.1) were the most common early events. The pattern of complications changed with time from ASCT. The presence of complications after ASCT was not associated with overall survival. Conclusions: Our data provide a solid basis for comparing ASCT-related complications to those caused by emerging treatments in multiple myeloma, such as CAR T-cell therapy and other immunotherapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Cell Dyscrasias–Laboratory and Clinical Insights)
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Review

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13 pages, 274 KiB  
Review
Occupational Exposure and Multiple Myeloma Risk: An Updated Review of Meta-Analyses
by Rebecca Georgakopoulou, Oraianthi Fiste, Theodoros N. Sergentanis, Angeliki Andrikopoulou, Flora Zagouri, Maria Gavriatopoulou, Theodora Psaltopoulou, Efstathios Kastritis, Evangelos Terpos and Meletios A. Dimopoulos
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(18), 4179; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184179 - 16 Sep 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4767
Abstract
The precise etiology of multiple myeloma remains elusive, but both genetic and environmental factors have been suggested to contribute to disease risk. Several occupational categories and toxic agents have been implicated as potentially causative, yet findings from the literature are inconsistent. The aim [...] Read more.
The precise etiology of multiple myeloma remains elusive, but both genetic and environmental factors have been suggested to contribute to disease risk. Several occupational categories and toxic agents have been implicated as potentially causative, yet findings from the literature are inconsistent. The aim of this review was to summarize and critically comment on the accumulated epidemiological evidence, across published meta-analyses, about the association between occupational exposure and risk of multiple myeloma. Overall, results from eleven meta-epidemiological studies underscore a significantly increased risk for firefighters, hairdressers, and employees exposed to engine exhaust, whereas farming and methylene chloride exposure have been non-significantly correlated with the disease. Further epidemiological studies are of utmost importance whilst emphasis should be placed on occupational hazard surveillance, as such studies will obtain a more accurate picture of disease occurrence in working populations, and will enable both the implementation of preventive actions and the evaluation of their effectiveness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Cell Dyscrasias–Laboratory and Clinical Insights)
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