Myocarditis: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Causes and Management

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 2296

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
Interests: heart failure; cardiac function; echocardiography; chronic heart failure; cardiomyopathies; acute heart failure; cardiac echocardiography; cardiovascular physiology; cardiac catheterization; pulmonary hypertension

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Interests: heart failure; pulmonary arterial hypertension; chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; heart catheterization; cardiomyopathies; heart transplantation

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
Interests: clinical cardiology; heart failure; chronic heart failure; cardiomyopathies; myocardial infarction; acute heart failure; cardiac imaging; cardiac function

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The incidence of myocarditis has been increasing during the last few decades and, in 2017, its reported worldwide prevalence was 1.8 million cases. Myocarditis is a challenging diagnosis due to symptom polymorphism, heterogeneity in causes and mimicking of other cardiac diseases. The causes of myocarditis are diverse and include viral or bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders and drug and toxin reactions.

The clinical course of myocarditis is quite unforeseeable; most of the patients who present with mild symptoms and minimal systolic dysfunction recover spontaneously, while up 30% of the cases with more severe symptoms progress towards chronic dysfunction, dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure.

Therefore, there is room for improvement in the clinical outcomes via identification of new molecular pathways, risk stratification, as well as novel therapeutic and preventive strategies.

To obtain a more complete understanding of the pathophysiology of myocarditis, this Special Issue on “Myocarditis: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Causes and Management” is focused on both clinical science as well as basic and translational research in this field. Original and up-to-date review articles are sought regarding all ascpects from molecular mechanisms to clinical managment.

The main goal of this Special Issue is to bring together the latest research and clinical practice guidelines on myocarditis, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on this important condition.

Dr. Entela Bollano
Dr. Clara Hjalmarsson
Dr. Emanuele Bobbio
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • heart failure
  • cardiomyopathies
  • myocarditis
  • heart transplantation
  • cardiac sarcoidosis
  • giant-cell myocarditis
  • inflammatory heart disease
  • inflammation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 256 KiB  
Article
Systematic Aetiological Assessment of Myocarditis: A Prospective Cohort Study
by Vincent Michel, Estibaliz Lazaro, Thomas Fauthoux, Laura Cetran, Cécile Contin-Bordes, Patrick Blanco, Benjamin Seguy, Thomas Baudinet, Pierre Coste and Edouard Gerbaud
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(4), 1025; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13041025 - 10 Feb 2024
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Abstract
Background: Myocarditis is commonly diagnosed in the intensive care cardiology unit (ICCU). No current recommendation nor guideline aids exist for aetiological assessments. Methods: From September 2021 to October 2023, 84 patients with acute myocarditis underwent thorough and systematic serum and blood cell panel [...] Read more.
Background: Myocarditis is commonly diagnosed in the intensive care cardiology unit (ICCU). No current recommendation nor guideline aids exist for aetiological assessments. Methods: From September 2021 to October 2023, 84 patients with acute myocarditis underwent thorough and systematic serum and blood cell panel evaluations to determine the most common causes of myocarditis. Results: Of the 84 patients (median age 34 years, range 22–41 years, 79% male), 16 presented with complicated myocarditis. The systematic aetiological assessment revealed that 36% of patients were positive for lupus anticoagulant, 12% for antinuclear antibodies, 8% for anti-heart antibodies, and 12% for anti-striated muscle antibodies. Viral serology did not yield any significant results. After the aetiological assessment, one patient was diagnosed with an autoimmune inflammatory disorder (Still’s disease). T-cell subset analyses indicated that myocarditis severity tended to increase with the T-cell lymphopenia status. Conclusions: A comprehensive, systematic aetiological assessment was of limited value in terms of predicting the clinical or therapeutic outcomes in myocarditis patients presenting to the ICCU. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Myocarditis: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Causes and Management)

Review

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10 pages, 1961 KiB  
Review
Cardiac Wolframinopathies: A Case Report of Myocarditis and a Literature Review of Cardiac Involvement in Wolfram Syndrome 1
by Andrea Villatore, Giulio Frontino, Maria Lucia Cascavilla, Davide Vignale, Davide Lazzeroni and Giovanni Peretto
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(6), 1803; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13061803 - 21 Mar 2024
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Abstract
Purpose: Myocarditis is frequently a sporadic disease, but may also occur in the context of genetic disorders which may increase susceptibility to cardiac inflammation. Cardiac involvement in Wolfram syndrome type 1 (WS1) has been scarcely characterized. To our knowledge, no cases of [...] Read more.
Purpose: Myocarditis is frequently a sporadic disease, but may also occur in the context of genetic disorders which may increase susceptibility to cardiac inflammation. Cardiac involvement in Wolfram syndrome type 1 (WS1) has been scarcely characterized. To our knowledge, no cases of virus-negative myocarditis have been reported in the WS1 pediatric population. Methods: We report the description of a pediatric case of acute myocarditis in the context of WS1, followed by a literature review of cardiovascular involvement associated with wolframin variants, and discuss potential pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic options. Results: A young patient with WS1, treated with insulin and liraglutide, was admitted for acute chest pain. Cardiac magnetic resonance and endomyocardial biopsy were performed to confirm the clinical suspicion of myocarditis. While congenital heart diseases and arrhythmias have been described previously in patients with WS1, this is the first description of virus-negative myocarditis. Conclusions: Myocarditis may represent a possible manifestation of cardiovascular involvement in WS1. Cardiovascular screening may be considered in patients with WS1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Myocarditis: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Causes and Management)
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