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Recent Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances in Gastrointestinal-Disease-Related Gut Microbiota and Helicobacter
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Recent Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances in Gastrointestinal-Disease-Related Gut Microbiota and Helicobacter

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Gastroenterology & Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2023) | Viewed by 6270

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Takashi Kawai

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Guest Editor
Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
Interests: gastroesophageal reflux disease; esophageal cancer; eosinophilic esophagitis; chronic gastritis; gastric cancer; peptic ulcer; gastric MALT lymphoma; colorectal cancer; functional dyspepsia; IBS; IBD

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

We are accepting papers for this Special Issue, titled "Recent Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances in Gastrointestinal-Disease-Related Gut Microbiota". This medical field is a complex and wide-ranging field that deals with diseases in multiple organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract. As represented by the relationship between H. pylori infection and gastric cancer, the relationship between the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract and various gastrointestinal diseases, including cancer, is attracting attention. The relationship between gut bacteria and pancreatic cancer has also been clarified, and further research on the gastrointestinal flora will be conducted in the future. We would like you to report on the elucidation of the relationship between various gut microbiota and gastrointestinal diseases, as well as treatment, including eradication. In addition, the merits and demerits, including post-H. pylori eradication gastric cancer, are also important. On the other hand, image enhancement endoscopy (IEE) contributes significantly to the diagnosis of the gastrointestinal mucosa caused by microbiota, especially in the stomach with atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia.

In this Special Issue, we are looking for reports that make full use of the recent diagnostic and therapeutic advances in gastrointestinal-disease-related gut microbiota.

Prof. Dr. Takashi Kawai
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • endoscopy
  • imaging
  • helicobacter pylori infection
  • gut microbiota
  • gastrointestinal disease
  • functional disorders

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 4197 KiB  
Article
Risk Factors for Developing Metachronous Superficial Gastric Epithelial Neoplasms after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
by Tsunehiro Suzuki, Kenichi Goda, Manabu Ishikawa, Shintaro Yamaguchi, Tomonori Yoshinaga, Masayuki Kondo, Mimari Kanazawa, Yasuhito Kunogi, Takanao Tanaka, Akira Kanamori, Keiichiro Abe, Akira Yamamiya, Takeshi Sugaya, Keiichi Tominaga, Hidetsugu Yamagishi, Hironori Masuyama and Atsushi Irisawa
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(6), 1587; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13061587 - 10 Mar 2024
Viewed by 763
Abstract
Background: Although endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) provides a high rate of curative resection, the remaining gastric mucosa after ESD is at risk for metachronous superficial gastric epithelial neoplasms (MSGENs). It leaves room for risk factors for developing MSGENs after ESD. This study aimed [...] Read more.
Background: Although endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) provides a high rate of curative resection, the remaining gastric mucosa after ESD is at risk for metachronous superficial gastric epithelial neoplasms (MSGENs). It leaves room for risk factors for developing MSGENs after ESD. This study aimed to identify clinicopathological risk factors for the occurrence of MSGENs, and to evaluate the association of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) with the MSGENs. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including 369 patients with 382 lesions that underwent ESD for adenoma/early gastric cancer. Results: Twenty-seven MSGENs occurred. The subjects were divided into MSGEN and not-MSGEN groups. There was a significantly higher frequency of histological intestinal metaplasia (HIM) and initial neoplasm location in the upper or middle parts (INUM) in the MSGEN group. The HIM and INUM groups had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of MSGENs. We compared 27 patients from the MSGEN group and 27 patients from the not-MSGEN group that were matched to the MSGEN group for variables including HIM and INUM. There was a significantly higher frequency of the spontaneous disappearance of H. pylori in the MSGEN group. Conclusions: HIM, INUM, and the spontaneous disappearance of H. pylori may be clinicopathological risk factors for developing MSGENs after ESD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances in Gastrointestinal-Disease-Related Gut Microbiota and Helicobacter)
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11 pages, 1155 KiB  
Article
Autophagy-Related Gene ATG7 Polymorphism Could Potentially Serve as a Biomarker of the Progression of Atrophic Gastritis
by Naoyuki Yamaguchi, Takuki Sakaguchi, Miki Taira, Daisuke Fukuda, Ken Ohnita, Tatsuro Hirayama, Kazuo Yashima, Hajime Isomoto and Kazuhiro Tsukamoto
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(2), 629; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13020629 - 22 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1072
Abstract
Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) is an oncoprotein that H. pylori injects into the host’s gastric epithelial cells and that induces proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β. As a result, it leads to atrophic gastritis (AG), a precancerous lesion of gastric cancer. [...] Read more.
Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) is an oncoprotein that H. pylori injects into the host’s gastric epithelial cells and that induces proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β. As a result, it leads to atrophic gastritis (AG), a precancerous lesion of gastric cancer. On the other hand, host cells degrade CagA using autophagy systems. However, few studies exist about the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B, ATG4A, ATG4B, ATG4C, ATG7, and ATG13, which belong to the autophagy-related genes concerning AG. This study aimed to detect biomarkers associated with AG. Herein, H. pylori-positive subjects (n = 200) were divided into the AG (n = 94) and non-AG (n = 106) groups. Thirty tag SNPs were selected from the above seven candidate genes. The SNP frequency between the two groups was analyzed. The frequency of the C/T or T/T genotype at rs4683787 of ATG7 was significantly lower in the AG group than in the non-AG group (p = 0.034, odds ratio = 0.535). Based on multivariate analysis, the C/C genotype of rs4684787 and age were independently associated with gastric mucosal atrophy. This finding helps stratify the patients needing timely endoscopic screening or early eradication of H. pylori. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances in Gastrointestinal-Disease-Related Gut Microbiota and Helicobacter)
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11 pages, 1157 KiB  
Article
Usefulness of AI-Equipped Endoscopy for Detecting Colorectal Adenoma during Colonoscopy Screening: Confirm That Colon Neoplasm Finely Can Be Identified by AI without Overlooking Study (Confidential Study)
by Kazuhiro Mizukami, Erina Fushimi, Ryota Sagami, Takashi Abe, Takao Sato, Shohei Terashi, Masahide Fukuda, Hidefumi Nishikiori, Takayuki Nagai, Masaaki Kodama and Kazunari Murakami
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(19), 6332; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12196332 - 2 Oct 2023
Viewed by 838
Abstract
In the present prospective case series study, we investigated the lesion-detection ability of an AI-equipped colonoscopy as an addition to colonoscopy (CS) screening. Participants were 100 patients aged ≥20 years who had not undergone CS at the study site in the last 3 [...] Read more.
In the present prospective case series study, we investigated the lesion-detection ability of an AI-equipped colonoscopy as an addition to colonoscopy (CS) screening. Participants were 100 patients aged ≥20 years who had not undergone CS at the study site in the last 3 years and passed the exclusion criteria. CS procedures were conducted using conventional white light imaging and computer-aided detection (CADe). Adenoma detection rate (ADR; number of individuals with at least one adenoma detected) was compared between the conventional group and the CADe group. Of the 170 lesions identified, the ADR of the CADe group was significantly higher than the ADR of the conventional group (69% vs. 61%, p = 0.008). For the expert endoscopists, although ADR did not differ significantly, the mean number of detected adenomas per procedure (MAP) was significantly higher in the CADe group than in the conventional group (1.7 vs. 1.45, p = 0.034). For non-expert endoscopists, ADR and MAP were significantly higher in the CADe group than in the conventional group (ADR 69.5% vs. 56.6%, p = 0.016; MAP 1.66 vs. 1.11, p < 0.001). These results indicate that the CADe function in CS screening has a positive effect on adenoma detection, especially for non-experts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances in Gastrointestinal-Disease-Related Gut Microbiota and Helicobacter)
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10 pages, 250 KiB  
Article
Risk Factors for Elevated D-Dimer Levels in Patients with Gastrointestinal Tumors Treated with Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
by Shogo Komatsuda, Shinya Kodashima, Ken Ikusaka, Naoaki Aoki, Yuki Shimizu, Minoru Oda, Fumito Harada, Taku Honda, Shingo Komazaki, Miyoko Sakurai, Daisuke Yanagisawa, Kyohei Maruyama, Hitoshi Aoyagi, Akari Isono, Ryo Miura, Koichiro Abe, Toshihiko Arizumi, Yoshinari Asaoka, Takatsugu Yamamoto and Atsushi Tanaka
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(16), 5229; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12165229 - 11 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 759
Abstract
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is almost always performed with a sedative because of the longer procedure times involved. The risk of post-ESD deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has been reported as relatively high, and D-dimer levels are sometimes elevated after ESD. This retrospective study [...] Read more.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is almost always performed with a sedative because of the longer procedure times involved. The risk of post-ESD deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has been reported as relatively high, and D-dimer levels are sometimes elevated after ESD. This retrospective study evaluated factors affecting changes in D-dimer levels from before to after ESD to identify causes of elevated D-dimer levels after ESD. This retrospective analysis included 117 patients with gastrointestinal tumors resected using ESD. After excluding eight patients with pre-ESD levels of D-dimer >1.5 μg/mL, factors correlating with changes in D-dimer from before to after ESD were analyzed using logistic regression analysis in 109 patients. Sedation was accomplished primarily using midazolam, but, because the sedative effect of midazolam shows marked inter-individual variability, a “corrected midazolam dose” was determined by dividing the total midazolam dose by the initial dose to correct for inter-individual differences in the sedative effect of midazolam. This value was used as one potential explanatory variable in the subgroup analysis of the 103 patients who received midazolam. In the subgroup analysis using the corrected midazolam dose as an explanatory variable, only the corrected midazolam dose correlated with a change in D-dimer ≥1.0 μg/mL in multivariate analysis (odds ratio (OR) = 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43–0.95; p = 0.030). The corrected midazolam dose correlated with increases in post-ESD D-dimer levels. This potential relationship indicates that patients undergoing ESD and requiring extended sedation may be at increased risk of DVT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances in Gastrointestinal-Disease-Related Gut Microbiota and Helicobacter)
10 pages, 647 KiB  
Article
Clinical Factors Associated with Severity of Colonic Diverticular Bleeding and Impact of Bleeding Site
by Hirohito Amano, Takatsugu Yamamoto, Ken Ikusaka, Naoaki Aoki, Miyoko Sakurai, Taku Honda, Kyohei Maruyama, Hitoshi Aoyagi, Akari Isono, Koichiro Abe, Yoshinari Asaoka, Shinya Kodashima and Atsushi Tanaka
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(5), 1826; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051826 - 24 Feb 2023
Viewed by 2163
Abstract
Factors associated with serious colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB) are unclear, although the incidence of CDB has increased. We carried out this study to clarify factors associated with serious CDB and rebleeding. Subjects included 329 consecutive patients hospitalized for confirmed or suspected CDB between [...] Read more.
Factors associated with serious colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB) are unclear, although the incidence of CDB has increased. We carried out this study to clarify factors associated with serious CDB and rebleeding. Subjects included 329 consecutive patients hospitalized for confirmed or suspected CDB between 2004 and 2021. Patients were surveyed regarding backgrounds, treatment, and clinical course. Of 152 with confirmed CDB, 112 showed bleeding from the right colon, and 40 did from the left colon. Patients received red blood cell transfusions in 157 (47.7%), interventional radiology in 13 (4.0%), and surgery in 6 (1.8%) cases. Early rebleeding within one month occurred in 75 (22.8%) patients, and late rebleeding within one year occurred in 62 (18.8%). Factors associated with red blood cell transfusion included confirmed CDB, anticoagulants, and high shock index. The only factor related to interventional radiology or surgery was confirmed CDB, which was also associated with early rebleeding. Late rebleeding was associated with hypertension, chronic kidney disease and past CDB. Right CDB showed higher rates of transfusion and invasive treatment than left CDB. Confirmed CDB had high frequencies of transfusion, invasive treatment, and early rebleeding. Right CDB seemed to be a risk for serious disease. Factors related to late rebleeding were different from those related to early rebleeding of CDB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances in Gastrointestinal-Disease-Related Gut Microbiota and Helicobacter)
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