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Helicobacter pylori Infection and Other Bacterial Infectious Diseases: Complications, Diagnosis...
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Helicobacter pylori Infection and Other Bacterial Infectious Diseases: Complications, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 14459

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maxime Pichon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Département des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Poitiers, France
2. INSERM U1070 Pharmacology of Antimicrobial Agents, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
3. Université de Poitiers, Faculté de médecine et Pharmacie, Poitiers, France
Interests: clinical microbiology; next-generation sequencing; Helicobacter pylori; antibiotic resistance; bacteriology; translational research
Prof. Dr. Christophe Burucoa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Département des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Poitiers, France
2. INSERM U1070 Pharmacology of Antimicrobial Agents, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
3. Université de Poitiers, Faculté de médecine et Pharmacie, Poitiers, France
Interests: Helicobacter pylori; Antibiotic resistance; diagnosis; epidemiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that infects half of the world’s population. Only 10% of the infected people develop a gastric or duodenal ulcer, and, of those, 1–3% of them go on to develop a gastric cancer (adenocarcinoma or MALT lymphoma) that could be considered as very severe (the survival rate is at 5 years for 20%), justifying its recognition as a class 1 carcinogen by WHO. Empirical treatments for eradicating H. pylori infection include a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in combination with either a bismuth salt and two antibiotics, or three antibiotics, but resistance to these antibiotics is the leading cause of treatment failure. Favored by the significant side effects of combinations of antibiotics, observance is very poor and also promotes the emergence of resistance. The resistance of H. pylori to antibiotics has steadily increased since the discovery of this bacterium in 1982.

This Special Issue of the Journal of Clinical Medicine will cover the following important aspects of the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Helicobacter Pylori infection and its related diseases:

  • Diagnosis, pathophysiology and epidemiology of:
    • Antimicrobial resistance;
    • Gastro-duodenal cancer development.
  • Advances in therapeutic management:         
    • Optimization of antibiotic therapeutic management;
    • New approaches in antimicrobial treatment;
    • Impact of innovative treatments in gastric environment.

Dr. Maxime Pichon
Prof. Dr. Christophe Burucoa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Helicobacter pylori infection
  • epidemiology
  • gastro-intestinal diseases
  • gastric cancer
  • treatment
  • diagnosis

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

3 pages, 209 KiB  
Editorial
Mutations Associated to Antibiotic-Resistant Helicobacter pylori: It Is Time to Validate Sequencing Observations
by Maxime Pichon, Victor Luzarraga and Christophe Burucoa
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(15), 4293; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11154293 - 24 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1246
Abstract
H. pylori, a Gram-negative microaerophilic microorganism, is the only bacterial pathogen classified as a Class I carcinogen [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Helicobacter pylori Infection and Other Bacterial Infectious Diseases: Complications, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

7 pages, 228 KiB  
Article
A Simplified Low-Dose 10-Day Quadruple Therapy with a Galenic Formulation of Bismuth Salicylate Is Highly Effective for Helicobacter pylori Eradication
by Maria Pina Dore, Francesco Saba, Lucia Zanni, Anna Rocca, Jessica Piroddu, Giuseppe Gutierrez and Giovanni Mario Pes
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(2), 681; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020681 - 15 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2102
Abstract
Background: Earlier studies have shown that a modified low-dose bismuth quadruple therapy given for 10 to 14 days is highly effective for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in Sardinia. However, bismuth is not universally available. Aim: We aimed to investigate the efficacy [...] Read more.
Background: Earlier studies have shown that a modified low-dose bismuth quadruple therapy given for 10 to 14 days is highly effective for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in Sardinia. However, bismuth is not universally available. Aim: We aimed to investigate the efficacy of a simplified low-dose 10-day quadruple therapy containing a galenic formulation of bismuth salicylate for H. pylori infection. Patients and Methods: Adult patients positive for H. pylori infection were assigned to a quadruple therapy containing a galenic formulation of bismuth salicylate (200 mg) plus tetracycline 500 mg, metronidazole 500 mg and rabeprazole 20 mg, given twice a day with the midday and evening meals for 10 days. A negative stool antigen test or 13C-Urea Breath Test defined successful eradication. Compliance and adverse events were recorded 30–40 days after the end of treatment. Results: In this open-label pilot study, 42 patients were enrolled (mean age 54.1 ± 12.0 years; 64% female). Among the study participants, 35 were naïve to H. pylori treatment. The treatment regimen was completed by 41 patients, with an overall success rate of 95.1%. More specifically, the eradication rate was 95.1% PP; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 86.6–100 and 92.9% by ITT; 95%CI = 85.1–100%, respectively. For naïve patients, the cure rate was 97.1%. Compliance was excellent. Side effects were absent or mild overall. Conclusions: The modified low-dose 10-day quadruple therapy provided high eradication rates of H. pylori infection, despite the replacement of colloidal bismuth subcitrate with bismuth salicylate. In regions where bismuth is unavailable in the market, the galenic formulation should be a valid option. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Helicobacter pylori Infection and Other Bacterial Infectious Diseases: Complications, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management)
11 pages, 1408 KiB  
Article
Antibodies towards TVLLPVIFF Amino Acid Sequence of TNF Receptor Induced by Helicobacter pylori in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
by Weronika Gonciarz, Agata Tomaszewska, Agnieszka Krupa, Tomasz Rechciński, Maciej Chałubiński, Marlena Broncel and Magdalena Chmiela
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(9), 2545; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092545 - 01 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1734
Abstract
Background: Molecular mimicry between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and the host components resulting in induction of cross-reacting antibodies has been suggested as accessory mechanism in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). A potential target for antibodies induced during Hp infection by the components [...] Read more.
Background: Molecular mimicry between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and the host components resulting in induction of cross-reacting antibodies has been suggested as accessory mechanism in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). A potential target for antibodies induced during Hp infection by the components of these bacteria might be amino acid sequence TVLLPVIFF (P1) of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), which is exposed on vascular endothelium and immunocompetent cells, driving inflammation. Aim: To examine whether anti-P1 IgG are induced during Hp infection in CHD patients. Methods: Sera from CHD patients infected with Hp (54) vs. sera of uninfected healthy donors (22) were tested by the ELISA for anti-H. pylori antibodies, anti-P1 IgG, and for antibodies towards control sequence IAKEGFEKIS (P2). Sera of Caviae porcellus infected experimentally with Hp (30) or uninfected (10) were included into this study. The same serum samples, which were positive for anti-P1 IgG, were adsorbed with Hp and then subjected to the ELISA. The biological activity of anti-P1 IgG was assessed in complement (C1q) binding assay. Results: Sera of 43 CHD patients seropositive for anti-Hp IgG contained anti-P1 IgG binding C1q. Additionally, 10 serum samples of animals seropositive for anti-Hp IgG contained anti-P1 IgG. Anti-P1 IgG in tested sera were neutralized by their adsorption with Hp. Conclusion: In CHD patients infected with Hp, antibodies cross-reacting with TNFR common sequence are produced. Further studies are necessary to define immunogenic Hp determinants and to confirm possible cellular effects of cross-reacting antibodies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Helicobacter pylori Infection and Other Bacterial Infectious Diseases: Complications, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management)
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8 pages, 574 KiB  
Article
The Application of High-Dose Proton Pump Inhibitor Induction Treatment before Dual Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: An Open-Label Random Trial
by Li-Wei Chen, Liang-Che Chang, Chung-Ching Hua, Ching-Jung Liu, Tien-Shin Chou, Chih-Lang Lin and Rong-Nan Chien
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(19), 4352; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10194352 - 24 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2550
Abstract
This was a prospective, randomized, open-label trial. Patients without previous Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy were randomly assigned to either a high-dose dual therapy (HDDT) group or a traditional clarithromycin/amoxicillin triple therapy (CATT) group. In the HDDT group, patients took rabeprazole, 20 mg, four [...] Read more.
This was a prospective, randomized, open-label trial. Patients without previous Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy were randomly assigned to either a high-dose dual therapy (HDDT) group or a traditional clarithromycin/amoxicillin triple therapy (CATT) group. In the HDDT group, patients took rabeprazole, 20 mg, four times per day for three days and then dual therapy with rabeprazole, 20 mg, and amoxicillin, 500 mg, four times per day during the patient’s breakfast, lunch, dinner, and bedtime for 14 days. In the CATT group, patients received conventional triple therapy for 14 days (rabeprazole 20 mg, amoxicillin 1 g, and clarithromycin 500 mg twice per day). In the HDDT group, the success rates of H. pylori eradication were 91.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78–0.97) by intention-to-treat (ITT) and 94.3% (95% CI: 0.79–0.99) by per-protocol (PP) analysis. In the CATT group, the eradication rates were 77.1% (95% CI: 0.61–0.87) by ITT and 84.3% (95% CI: 0.66–0.94) by PP analysis. The study completion rates were 97.2% (35/36) in the HDDT group. Three-day high-dose rabeprazole induction treatment before dual therapy and a schedule of taking the drug at meal and bed times could achieve an acceptable H. pylori eradication rate (>90%) and good drug compliance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Helicobacter pylori Infection and Other Bacterial Infectious Diseases: Complications, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management)
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12 pages, 308 KiB  
Article
Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection in a Routine Testing Workflow: Effect of Bacterial Load and Virulence Factors
by Nabil Gastli, Margaux Allain, Dominique Lamarque, Vered Abitbol, Annick Billoët, Gislène Collobert, Romain Coriat, Benoit Terris, Nicolas Kalach and Josette Raymond
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(13), 2755; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132755 - 23 Jun 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2424
Abstract
Reliable diagnostic methods are mandatory for effective management of Helicobacter pylori infection. Histology and culture are the most common invasive methods in current practice, even if molecular methods are gaining in importance. The performance of these conventional methods varies significantly. We conducted a [...] Read more.
Reliable diagnostic methods are mandatory for effective management of Helicobacter pylori infection. Histology and culture are the most common invasive methods in current practice, even if molecular methods are gaining in importance. The performance of these conventional methods varies significantly. We conducted a retrospective study of 1540 adults and 504 children with gastric biopsies taken during endoscopy to assess the impact of bacterial load and the cagA virulence factor on the performance of H. pylori infection testing. The association between virulence and histology findings was also investigated. With 23S rRNA qPCR confirmed by glmM amplification as the gold standard, culture and histology had lower sensitivity, 74.4% and 73.3%, respectively. However, their sensitivity was enhanced (>90%) in biopsies with high bacterial load (qPCR Ct < 30). Positive cagA status of the strain was associated with high bacterial load (94.9%), thus resulting in more frequent positive culture (94.3%) and H. pylori histology detection (91.7%) and more severe lesions on histology (p < 0.001). Conversely, the cagA status of the strains was negative in 110/119 (92.4%) of biopsies with low bacterial load (qPCR Ct < 30), 82/90 (91.1%) with negative H. pylori histology detection and 119/131 (90%) with negative culture findings (p < 0.001). This study highlights the low sensitivity of conventional culture and histology that may lead to false negative diagnosis if used alone. H. pylori quantification associated with cagA genotyping in routine workflow are essential for a sensitive and reliable diagnosis, to identify patients at high risk and to manage eradication therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Helicobacter pylori Infection and Other Bacterial Infectious Diseases: Complications, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management)

Review

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19 pages, 400 KiB  
Review
Animal Models and Helicobacter pylori Infection
by Shamshul Ansari and Yoshio Yamaoka
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(11), 3141; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113141 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3179
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonize the gastric mucosa of at least half of the world’s population. Persistent infection is associated with the development of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and an increased risk of gastric cancer and gastric-mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. In vivo studies using [...] Read more.
Helicobacter pylori colonize the gastric mucosa of at least half of the world’s population. Persistent infection is associated with the development of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and an increased risk of gastric cancer and gastric-mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. In vivo studies using several animal models have provided crucial evidence for understanding the pathophysiology of H. pylori-associated complications. Numerous animal models, such as Mongolian gerbils, transgenic mouse models, guinea pigs, and other animals, including non-human primates, are being widely used due to their persistent association in causing gastric complications. However, finding suitable animal models for in vivo experimentation to understand the pathophysiology of gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma is a complicated task. In this review, we summarized the most appropriate and latest information in the scientific literature to understand the role and importance of H. pylori infection animal models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Helicobacter pylori Infection and Other Bacterial Infectious Diseases: Complications, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management)
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