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Challenges in Metabolic Syndrome
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Challenges in Metabolic Syndrome

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology & Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (23 February 2024) | Viewed by 4573

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Angelo Scuteri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. S.C. di Medicina Interna, Policlinico Universitario Monserrato "Duilio Casula"-AOU di Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
2. Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Sanita’ Pubblica, Universita’ di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
Interests: insulin resistance; arterial stiffness; arterial aging; hypertension; cognitive decline; dementia; heart failure; metabolic syndrome and diabetes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metabolic syndrome is a combination of clusters of different cardiometabolic risk factors dealing with glucose and lipid metabolism, adiposity, and blood pressure.

It has been recognized to impact the progression of vascular aging and to increase the risk of cardio- and cerebrovascular events.

However, pathways underlying the metabolic syndrome and the different “clinical phenotypes” associated with it have been poorly described and characterized.

This knowledge is critical in order to tailor effective interventions to lower the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events and CV-related disability in ageing populations.

This Special Issue aims to contribute to close this gap in the knowledge and to advance the understanding and management of metabolic syndrome.

Original articles and reviews on the following topics are particularly welcome:

  • Glycation metabolic syndrome and vascular aging;
  • Glycation and cognitive decline;
  • Phenotyping metabolic syndrome;
  • Heterogeneity in adiposity and its impact on metabolic syndrome clinical presentation;
  • Interventions to reduce the CV burden of metabolic syndrome.

Dr. Angelo Scuteri
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metabolic syndrome
  • diabetes
  • cardiovascular disease
  • atherosclerosis
  • dyslipidemia
  • hypertension
  • obesity
  • insulin resistance
  • risk factors

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1394 KiB  
Article
The Lipid Accumulation Product Index (LAP) and the Cardiometabolic Index (CMI) Are Useful for Predicting the Presence and Severity of Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Patients with Obesity
by Sofia Tamini, Adele Bondesan, Diana Caroli and Alessandro Sartorio
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(10), 2843; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13102843 - 11 May 2024
Viewed by 384
Abstract
Background: The concomitant occurrence of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) causes a significant worsening of a patient’s clinical condition. Indexes that employ anthropometric measurements alone or associated with blood parameters have been investigated for their ability to identify MetS. This study aimed [...] Read more.
Background: The concomitant occurrence of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) causes a significant worsening of a patient’s clinical condition. Indexes that employ anthropometric measurements alone or associated with blood parameters have been investigated for their ability to identify MetS. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of three of these indexes, the body adiposity index (BAI), the lipid accumulation product index (LAP), and the cardiometabolic index (CMI), in a cohort of 1912 adult subjects with obesity. Methods and Results: MetS was found in 62.3% of the enrolled subjects, with a higher prevalence in males (72.5%) than females (60.9%). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to define which index performed better. The BAI was found to be the lowest-performing index, with an ROC area of 0.50, a sensitivity of 30.31%, a specificity of 74.48%, and a likelihood ratio of 1.19. On the contrary, the LAP and the CMI showed a comparable ROC area of 0.82. The LAP had a sensitivity of 63.06%, a specificity of 86.55%, and a likelihood ratio of 4.69, while the CMI had a sensitivity of 67.59%, specificity of 81.55%, and a likelihood ratio of 3.66. The analysis was also performed in the group divided into males and females, with overlapping results. Conclusions: The LAP and the CMI performed better than the BAI in detecting MetS both in the general population with obesity and in the male/female subgroups. In the future, it will be important to validate these useful diagnostic tools in order to employ them in clinical practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges in Metabolic Syndrome)
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17 pages, 2182 KiB  
Article
De Novo Metabolic Syndrome 1 Year after Liver Transplantation and Its Association with Mid- and Long-Term Morbidity and Mortality in Liver Recipients
by Kinga Czarnecka, Paulina Czarnecka, Olga Tronina, Teresa Bączkowska and Magdalena Durlik
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(6), 1719; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13061719 - 16 Mar 2024
Viewed by 693
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) constitutes an important source of cardiovascular- and cancer-related morbidity and mortality in the general population. Limited information is available on whether these findings can be directly extrapolated to liver recipients. This study aimed to investigate the impact of post-transplant [...] Read more.
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) constitutes an important source of cardiovascular- and cancer-related morbidity and mortality in the general population. Limited information is available on whether these findings can be directly extrapolated to liver recipients. This study aimed to investigate the impact of post-transplant MS present 1 year after liver transplantation on survival rates, risk of major cardiovascular events (CVEs), and de novo malignancies. Methods: Adult deceased-liver-donor recipients who underwent transplantation in our centre between 2010 and 2019 and reached at least 1 year of post-transplantation follow-up were eligible. Results: Of 259 enrolled patients, 20% developed post-transplant MS 1 year after the procedure. The presence of post-transplant MS at 1 year did not affect all-cause mortality (p = 0.144) and risk of de novo malignancies (p = 0.198) in liver recipients. However, it was associated with an overall and time-dependent increase in the risk of major CVEs (p < 0.001). MASH aetiology of liver disease, pre-existing major CVEs, and development of de novo malignancy were independent predictors of all-cause mortality in liver recipients. Conclusions: New onset MS exerts a wide-ranging effect on the post-transplant prognosis of liver recipients. Obtaining optimal control over all modifiable metabolic risk factors is central to improving long-term outcomes in this population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges in Metabolic Syndrome)
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12 pages, 269 KiB  
Article
Obesity-Related Hemodynamic Alterations in Patients with Cushing’s Disease
by Agnieszka Jurek, Paweł Krzesiński, Beata Uziębło-Życzkowska, Przemysław Witek, Grzegorz Zieliński, Robert Wierzbowski, Anna Kazimierczak, Małgorzata Banak and Grzegorz Gielerak
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(6), 1658; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13061658 - 14 Mar 2024
Viewed by 723
Abstract
Background: Cushing’s disease (CD) is associated with a specific form of metabolic syndrome that includes visceral obesity, which may affect cardiovascular hemodynamics by stimulating hypercortisolism-related metabolic activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between obesity and the hemodynamic [...] Read more.
Background: Cushing’s disease (CD) is associated with a specific form of metabolic syndrome that includes visceral obesity, which may affect cardiovascular hemodynamics by stimulating hypercortisolism-related metabolic activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between obesity and the hemodynamic profile of patients with CD. Methods: This prospective clinical study involved a hemodynamic status assessment of 54 patients newly diagnosed with CD with no significant comorbidities (mean age of 41 years). The assessments included impedance cardiography (ICG) to assess such parameters as stroke index (SI), cardiac index (CI), velocity index (VI), acceleration index (ACI), Heather index (HI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), and total arterial compliance index (TACI) as well as applanation tonometry to assess such parameters as central pulse pressure (CPP) and augmentation index (AI). These assessments were complemented by echocardiography to assess cardiac structure and function. Results: Compared with CD patients without obesity, individuals with CD and obesity (defined as a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) exhibited significantly lower values of ICG parameters characterizing the pumping function of the heart (VI: 37.0 ± 9.5 vs. 47.2 ± 14.3 × 1*1000−1*s−1, p = 0.006; ACI: 58.7 ± 23.5 vs. 76.0 ± 23.5 × 1/100/s2, p = 0.005; HI: 11.1 ± 3.5 vs. 14.6 ± 5.5 × Ohm/s2, p = 0.01), whereas echocardiography in obese patients showed larger heart chamber sizes and a higher left ventricular mass index. No significant intergroup differences in blood pressure, heart rate, LVEF, GLS, TACI, CPP, or AI were noted. Conclusions: Hemodynamic changes associated with obesity already occur at an early stage of CD and manifest via significantly lower values of the ICG parameters illustrating the heart’s function as a pump, despite the normal function of the left ventricle in echocardiography. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges in Metabolic Syndrome)
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14 pages, 975 KiB  
Article
Sex-Specific Cut-Offs of Seven Adiposity Indicators and Their Performance in Predicting Metabolic Syndrome in Arab Adults
by Hanan A. Alfawaz, Nasiruddin Khan, Mohammed G. A. Ansari, Malak N. K. Khattak, Gamal M. Saadawy and Nasser M. Al-Daghri
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(23), 7280; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12237280 - 24 Nov 2023
Viewed by 2433
Abstract
This study aimed to assess several indicators of adiposity and their effectiveness in predicting metabolic syndrome (MetS) and identify their cut-off values among general Saudi adults. Consequently, 833 participants (49% male and 51% female) aged 42.2 ± 11.9 years (408 MetS and 425 [...] Read more.
This study aimed to assess several indicators of adiposity and their effectiveness in predicting metabolic syndrome (MetS) and identify their cut-off values among general Saudi adults. Consequently, 833 participants (49% male and 51% female) aged 42.2 ± 11.9 years (408 MetS and 425 as controls) were enrolled into this cross-sectional study. Information on demographics, anthropometrics and biochemical results was retrieved from a registry. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program’s (NCEP III) criteria. Overall, the lipid accumulation product (LAP) and waist–TG index (WTI) had the highest discriminatory ability for MetS (area under the curve (AUC): 0.857 and 0.831), respectively, followed by the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and dysfunctional adiposity index (DAI) (AUC: 0.819 and 0.804), respectively. Based on gender, the LAP and WTI were the best indicators for discriminating MetS and presented the highest Youden index values, with cut-off values of 49.8 (sensitivity 68.5%, specificity 82.4%), and 8.7 (sensitivity 70.7%, specificity 81.9%), respectively, in females and 46.2 (sensitivity 85.6%, specificity 76.3%) and 8.9 (sensitivity 73.9%, specificity 84.8%), respectively, in males. The LAP and WTI performed well in both genders with a superior ability to identify MetS in males and could be used to predict MetS in Saudi adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges in Metabolic Syndrome)
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