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Biomarkers in the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Heart Diseases
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Biomarkers in the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Heart Diseases

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 April 2023) | Viewed by 5390

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Tarek Bekfani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto von Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
Interests: heart failure; co-morbidities; skeletal muscle function; cardiac metabolism; biomarkers; remote monitoring in heart failure
Prof. Dr. Ruediger C. Braun-Dullaeus

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto von Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
Interests: cell biology; signal transduction; atherosclerosis; heart failure; medical engineering; health care research
Prof. Dr. Alexander Schmeisser

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto von Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
Interests: HFREF; secondary pulmonary hypertension; valvular heart disease; cardiovascular hemodynamics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiac biomarkers such as troponins and natriuretic peptides have greatly impacted clinical decision making and improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of different disease conditions. However, the biomarkers currently in use do not reflect all the disease pathways involved in cardiac disease conditions, which range from acute coronary syndrome to heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and arrhythmias. Furthermore, novel biomarkers could be critical for establishing diagnoses and for the follow-up of several comorbidities in heart failure. Biomarkers can be elucidated through a blood test or a modern image technology, such as left atrial strain or novel cardiac MRI sequences and techniques.

In this Special Issue, we will provide an overview of the latest developments in the field of biomarker research, from findings on molecular pathways and cellular communication (e.g., microRNA) to the clinical use of well-known and novel biomarkers.

Dr. Tarek Bekfani
Prof. Dr. Ruediger C. Braun-Dullaeus
Prof. Dr. Alexander Schmeisser
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • novel biomarkers
  • heart diseases
  • heart failure
  • heart failure co-morbidities

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 438 KiB  
Article
Serum Malondialdehyde-Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Level Is Associated with Arterial Stiffness by Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients
by Ting Hung, Jin-You Jhan, Jian-Hong Lin, Kun-Ta Yang, Bang-Gee Hsu and Jui-Chih Chang
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(13), 4191; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134191 - 21 Jun 2023
Viewed by 909
Abstract
A high malondialdehyde-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (MDA-oxLDL) level is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and major adverse cardiovascular events. A higher cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke in patients with [...] Read more.
A high malondialdehyde-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (MDA-oxLDL) level is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and major adverse cardiovascular events. A higher cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke in patients with cardiovascular risk. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum MDA-oxLDL levels and CAVI in patients with triple-vessel coronary artery disease who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Fasting blood samples and baseline characteristics were obtained from 88 patients who had undergone CABG. A commercialized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure MDA-oxLDL levels. An automatic pulse wave analyzer was used to measure CAVI values, and each side of CAVI values of ≥9 was designated as arterial stiffness. In total, 47 participants were assigned to the arterial stiffness group. More patients had diabetes mellitus, were older, and had higher serum MDA-oxLDL levels in the arterial stiffness group than in the control group. A multivariate logistic regression analysis disclosed that MDA-oxLDL and diabetes mellitus were independent predictors of arterial stiffness. Moreover, according to the Spearman’s correlation analysis, the serum MDA-oxLDL level was positively associated with both left and right CAVI. Serum MDA-oxLDL levels were positively associated with arterial stiffness in patients who had undergone CABG. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers in the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Heart Diseases)
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10 pages, 1054 KiB  
Article
RDW as A Predictor for No-Reflow Phenomenon in DM Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
by Ying Sun, Jian Ren, Li Li, Chunsong Wang and Hengchen Yao
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(3), 807; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030807 - 19 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1066
Abstract
Background: No-reflow phenomenon (NRP) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients is not infrequent. The predictive value of red blood-cell distribution width (RDW) on NRP has not been explored. Methods: STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) were enrolled. Plasma samples were [...] Read more.
Background: No-reflow phenomenon (NRP) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients is not infrequent. The predictive value of red blood-cell distribution width (RDW) on NRP has not been explored. Methods: STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) were enrolled. Plasma samples were obtained at admission. Participants were divided into two groups according to RDW. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were performed to evaluate the relationship between RDW and NRP. Subgroup analysis was made between the diabetes mellitus (DM) group and the No-DM group. Results: The high RDW group had a higher NRP compared to the low group. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, DM (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]:1.847; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.209–2.822; p = 0.005) and hemoglobin (AOR: 0.986; 95% CI: 0.973–0.999; p < 0.05), other than RDW, were independent predictors of NRP. RDW (AOR: 2.679; 95% CI: 1.542–4.655; p < 0.001) was an independent predictor of NRP in the DM group, but not in the No-DM group. In the DM group, area under the ROC curve value for RDW predicting NRP was 0.707 (77.3% sensitivity, 56.3% specificity (p < 0.001)). Conclusions: RDW is a predictor of NRP in DM patients with STEMI, which provides further assistance in clinicians’ decision making. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers in the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Heart Diseases)
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11 pages, 453 KiB  
Article
Albumin as a Prognostic Marker for Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence following Cryoballoon Ablation of Pulmonary Venous
by Nili Schamroth Pravda, Gregory Golovchiner, Gustavo Goldenberg, Ygal Plakht, Maya Wiessman, Shir Tal, Alon Barsheshet, Ehud Kadmon, Aharon Erez, Keren Skalsky, Tzlil Grinberg, Inbar Nardi Agmon, Yaron Aviv, Ran Kornowski, Arthur Shiyovich and Ashraf Hamdan
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(1), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010264 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1228
Abstract
Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence following pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) ablation has clinical significance. Identifying risk factors for AF recurrence is important. We investigated serum albumin (SA) levels (g/dL) as a prognostic factor for the recurrence of AF following cryoballoon PVI ablation. Methods: [...] Read more.
Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence following pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) ablation has clinical significance. Identifying risk factors for AF recurrence is important. We investigated serum albumin (SA) levels (g/dL) as a prognostic factor for the recurrence of AF following cryoballoon PVI ablation. Methods: We included patients who underwent cryoballoon PVI ablation at our institution between the years 2013 and 2018. The primary outcome was recurrence of AF during follow up. Results: Our cohort consisted of 126 patients (67% males, mean age 61.8 ± 10.0 years). The pattern of AF amongst the cohort was paroxysmal in 62.5%, persistent in 25.4%, and longstanding persistent in 6.3%. Those with lower SA levels had a mean AF duration significantly less than those with higher SA levels (2.81 years, 7.34 years, and 6.37 years for SA levels of <3.8, 3.8–4.1, and ≥4.1, respectively; p = 0.003). Patients with lower SA levels were significantly more likely to have had more previous cardioversions and a larger left atrial area and volume. The mean follow-up was 380 days, in which the AF recurrence rate was 20.6%. Patients with lower SA level had significantly more AF recurrences (47.4%, 16.7%, and 2.2% for SA levels of <3.8, 3.8–4.1, and ≥4.1, respectively; p < 0.001). Upon multivariate analysis, an SA level < 3.8 was associated with a higher risk of AF recurrence (OR = 5.422 95% CI 1.134; 25.910; p < 0.001). Conclusion: SA levels were found to be a strong independent marker for AF recurrence following PVI ablation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers in the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Heart Diseases)
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13 pages, 1591 KiB  
Article
Peri-Procedural Troponin Elevation after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
by Wojciech Jan Skorupski, Marta Kałużna-Oleksy, Przemysław Mitkowski, Włodzimierz Skorupski, Stefan Grajek, Małgorzata Pyda, Aleksander Araszkiewicz, Maciej Lesiak and Marek Grygier
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(1), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010244 - 28 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1789
Abstract
Left main (LM) percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) are challenging and highly invasive procedures. Periprocedural myocardial injury (Troponin (Tn) elevation > 99th percentile) is frequently detected after LM PCI, being identified even in up to 67% of patients. However, the prognostic implications of periprocedural [...] Read more.
Left main (LM) percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) are challenging and highly invasive procedures. Periprocedural myocardial injury (Troponin (Tn) elevation > 99th percentile) is frequently detected after LM PCI, being identified even in up to 67% of patients. However, the prognostic implications of periprocedural Tn elevation after LM PCI remain controversial. We aim to assess the impact and prognostic significance of the periprocedural troponin elevation on long-term outcomes in patients undergoing LM PCI in a real-world setting. Consecutive 673 patients who underwent LM PCI in our department between January 2015 to February 2021 were included in a prospective registry. The first group consisted of 323 patients with major cardiac Troponin I elevation defined as an elevation of Tn values > 5× the 99th percentile in patients with normal baseline values or post-procedure Tn rise by >20% in patients with elevated pre-procedure Tn in whom the Tn level was stable or falling (based on the fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction). The second group consisted of patients without major cardiac Troponin I elevation. Seven-year long-term all-cause mortality was not higher in the group with major Tn elevation (36.9% vs. 40.6%; p = 0.818). Naturally, periprocedural myocardial infarction was diagnosed only in patients from groups with major Tn elevation (4.9% of all patients). In-hospital death and other periprocedural complications did not differ significantly between the two study groups. The adjusted HRs for mortality post-PCI in patients with a periprocedural myocardial infarction were not significant. Long-term mortality subanalysis for the group with criteria for cardiac procedural myocardial injury showed no significant differences (39.5% vs. 38.8%; p = 0.997). The occurrence of Tn elevation (>1×; >5×; >35× and >70× URL) after LM PCI was not associated with adverse long-term outcomes. The results of the study suggest that the isolated periprocedural troponin elevation is not clinically significant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers in the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Heart Diseases)
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