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Current Advances in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
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Current Advances in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Gastroenterology & Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 March 2022) | Viewed by 16067

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Antoni Stadnicki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institute of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk, Poland
2. Section of Gastroenterology, Multidisciplinary Hospital, Jaworzno, Poland
Interests: inflammation–coagulation interaction in inflammation; cancer disorders; genetics; physiopathology; treatment in gastrointestinal (GI) inflammatory disorders; molecular biology; immunological techniques; gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Editors of the Journal of Clinical Medicine have decided to publish a Special Issue, entitled Current Advances in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease”, for which I was invited to be the Guest Editor. This Special Issue is committed to publishing articles on innovative topics that will influence the future of clinical care and the treatment of patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), and recent progress in research on GERD and related topics. This Special Issue aims to present a wide range of advances in basic and clinical research on GERD. We kindly encourage clinicians and researchers working in GERD and related fields to submit original research articles, clinical trials, reviews of the current literature, and letters to the Editor. All manuscripts will be peer-reviewed.

Prof. Dr. Antoni Stadnicki
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
  • esophageal motility disorders
  • fundoplication
  • high-resolution manometry
  • HRM
  • dysphagia
  • extra-esophageal diseases
  • asthma
  • laryngo–pharyngeal reflux

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 767 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Hyaluronic Acid and Chondroitin Sulphate-Based Medical Device Combined with Acid Suppression in the Treatment of Atypical Symptoms in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
by Gaia Pellegatta, Benedetto Mangiavillano, Rossella Semeraro, Francesco Auriemma, Elisa Carlani, Alessandro Fugazza, Edoardo Vespa and Alessandro Repici
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(7), 1890; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11071890 - 29 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2654
Abstract
Extraesophageal reflux symptoms are increasingly common in the Western population and their clinical management is still controversial. Although therapy with proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) represents the gold standard, to date, many patients are refractory to this treatment. The aim of this study was to [...] Read more.
Extraesophageal reflux symptoms are increasingly common in the Western population and their clinical management is still controversial. Although therapy with proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) represents the gold standard, to date, many patients are refractory to this treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in patients with a recent diagnosis of GERD experiencing extraesophageal symptoms, the efficacy and safety of a 6-week treatment with PPI acid suppression in combination with Gerdoff® (a hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate-based medical device) compared to PPI monotherapy. The trial verified the reduction in symptom frequency and severity by evaluating the proportion of Responders and Non-Responder patients after 6 weeks of treatment, compared to baseline. The effects of Gerdoff® + PPI treatment on extraesophageal symptoms were also evaluated after a 12-week follow up only in Responder patients. The analysis of the change in total Reflux Symptoms Index (RSI) score from baseline to the other time points showed that the extent of the decrease from baseline was higher in the Gerdoff® + PPI group than in the PPI group at any time point. However, the comparison between groups did not show statistically significant differences at any time point. A statistically significant difference, in favor of the Gerdoff® + PPI group, was observed for individual RSI items. Even if the trial showed some limitations, this is the first published study on the efficacy of a medical device containing hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate with antacid in the treatment of extraesophageal reflux symptoms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
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7 pages, 213 KiB  
Article
Patient Satisfaction after Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication—Long-Term Outcomes of Single-Center Study
by Natalia Dowgiałło-Gornowicz, Justyna Kacperczyk, Anna Masiewicz, Paweł Lech, Sławomir Saluk, Karolina Osowiecka and Maciej Michalik
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(24), 5924; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10245924 - 17 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2409
Abstract
Up to 33% of the population suffers from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Given its high prevalence, the negative impact on quality of life, and the possible progression to esophageal cancer, the definitive treatment of GERD should be used more frequently. This study aims [...] Read more.
Up to 33% of the population suffers from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Given its high prevalence, the negative impact on quality of life, and the possible progression to esophageal cancer, the definitive treatment of GERD should be used more frequently. This study aims to assess long-term patient satisfaction after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF). We reviewed the prospectively collected data of patients who underwent LNF for GERD in our department in 2014–2018. Each patient completed a preoperative questionnaire according to GERD Impact Scale (GERD-IS). Postoperative survey consisted of GERD-IS, the need for PPIs, and two “yes or no” questions to assess satisfaction with the outcome. The mean follow-up time was 50 months (21.2–76.3 ± 16.6 months). There was a statistically significant improvement in each GERD-IS question (p < 0.001). A total of 87 patients (78.4%) would recommend the surgery to their relatives. Patients without symptom recurrence and without the need for chronic PPI use after surgery were significantly more likely to recommend surgery and to undergo the procedure again (p < 001). The age of patients did not influence patients’ recommendations (p = 0.75). A total of 17 patients (15.3%) would not undergo LNF again. There was no significant correlation between the answer and patient’s complications or age (p > 0.05). LNF is a good treatment for GERD with a satisfaction rate of 78.4%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
11 pages, 23354 KiB  
Article
Esophageal Pressure and Clinical Assessments in the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Patients with Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease
by Yung-An Tsou, Sheng-Hwa Chen, Wen-Chieh Wu, Ming-Hsui Tsai, David Bassa, Liang-Chun Shih and Wen-Dien Chang
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(22), 5262; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10225262 - 12 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1733
Abstract
Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) might be associated with reflux symptoms, and its severity is correlated with the Reflux Symptoms Index. Diagnosis is often challenging because of a lack of accurate diagnostic tools. Although an association between LPRD and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) exists, [...] Read more.
Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) might be associated with reflux symptoms, and its severity is correlated with the Reflux Symptoms Index. Diagnosis is often challenging because of a lack of accurate diagnostic tools. Although an association between LPRD and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) exists, the extent to which esophageal pressure changes in patients with LPRD with GERD has been unknown. Therefore, this study surveys the clinical assessments and extent of esophageal pressure changes in LRPD patients with various GERD severities, and compares esophageal sphincter pressures between ages, genders, and body mass index (BMI). This observational study assessed patients with LPRD and GERD. High-resolution esophageal manometry was used to gather data pertaining to the area pressure on the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and lower esophageal sphincter (LES), and the correlation between such pressure and symptom severity was determined. We compared the esophageal pressure of different UES and LES levels in the following categories: gender, age, BMI, and GERD severity. We analyzed correlations between esophageal pressure and clinical assessments among 90 patients with throat globus with laryngitis with LPRD. LPRD was measured using laryngoscopy, and GERD was measured using esophagoscopy and 24 h PH monitoring. There were no significant differences in the clinical assessments among the four grades of GERD. The LPRD patients with serious GERD had a lower UES and LES pressure. The lowest pressure and longer duration of LES and UES were also observed among patients with LPRD of grade D GERD. No significant differences in UES and LES pressures among ages, genders, or BMIs were noted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
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17 pages, 1003 KiB  
Article
Associations of Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Obestatin, Leptin, and Ghrelin with Gastroesophageal Reflux
by Piotr Pardak, Rafał Filip, Jarosław Woliński and Maciej Krzaczek
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(21), 5195; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215195 - 07 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2362
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is commonly observed in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Hormonal disorders observed in OSA may be relevant in the development of GERD. The aim of the study was to assess the correlations between ghrelin, obestatin, leptin, and the [...] Read more.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is commonly observed in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Hormonal disorders observed in OSA may be relevant in the development of GERD. The aim of the study was to assess the correlations between ghrelin, obestatin, leptin, and the intensity of GERD in patients with OSA. The study included 58 patients hospitalized due to clinical suspicion of sleep disorders during sleep. All patients underwent a sleep study, and blood samples were collected overnight for hormonal tests. Survey data concerning symptoms of GERD, gastroscopy, and esophageal pH monitoring results were included in the study. In patients with OSA, GERD was twice as common when compared to the group without OSA. Among subjects with severe sleep apnea (AHI > 30; n = 31; 53%), we observed lower ghrelin levels, especially in the second half of the night and in the morning (p5.00 = 0.0207; p7.00 = 0.0344); the presence of OSA had no effect on obestatin and leptin levels. No significant differences in hormonal levels were observed between the groups depending on the diagnosis of GERD. However, correlations of ghrelin levels with the severity of esophagitis, leptin and ghrelin levels with the severity of GERD symptoms, and leptin levels with lower esophageal pH were found. GERD is more frequent among patients with OSA. In both GERD and OSA, deviations were observed in the levels of ghrelin and leptin. However, our analysis demonstrates that the relationship between OSA and GERD does not result from these disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
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13 pages, 1028 KiB  
Article
Oesophageal pH-Impedance for the Diagnosis of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease: Validation of General Population Reference Values in Children with Chronic Neurological Impairments
by Anna Plocek, Beata Gębora-Kowalska, Wojciech Fendler and Ewa Toporowska-Kowalska
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(15), 3351; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10153351 - 29 Jul 2021
Viewed by 1554
Abstract
Diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in children with chronic neurological impairment (NI) remains a clinical challenge. The study aimed to validate the relevance of the reference values used to assess gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) in children with NI and to determine the optimal [...] Read more.
Diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in children with chronic neurological impairment (NI) remains a clinical challenge. The study aimed to validate the relevance of the reference values used to assess gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) in children with NI and to determine the optimal cut-off level of the pH-impedance parameter with the best predictive value for outcomes associated with endoscopic assessments of the oesophagus. Sixty-seven children (32 male, 35 female; age: interquartile range, 5 years 6 months–14 years 10 months; median, 11 years 3 months) with NI were prospectively recruited for the study. The exclusion criteria were previous fundoplication and lack of consent for the study. All patients underwent evaluations for GOR disease, including pH-impedance and gastroscopy. Based on endoscopy, oesophagitis was diagnosed in 22/67 children (32.8%); 9/67 (13.4%) were classified as having Hetzel–Dent grade III or IV. GOR was present in 18/67 children (26.9%), as determined by pH-impedance. Patients with endoscopic lesions had a significantly higher number of total reflux (p = 0.0404) and acidic episodes (p = 0.0219). The total number of reflux episodes, with a cut-off level of 44 episodes, was the pH-impedance parameter most strongly predictive of the presence of lesions in gastroscopy (specificity: 50%, sensitivity: 73%). These findings suggest that endoscopic lesions may be present in children with chronic NI with a low number of GOR episodes, as recorded by pH-impedance. The use of standardised reference norms determined for the general population may underestimate GOR episodes in this group of patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
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7 pages, 621 KiB  
Brief Report
Identification of Sliding Hiatus Hernia by High-Resolution Manometry and Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Patients with Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease
by Antoni Stadnicki, Józef Kurek, Ewa Klimacka-Nawrot, Anna Stadnicka and Katarzyna Rerych
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(23), 6906; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11236906 - 23 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1368
Abstract
Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to compare high-resolution manometry (HRM) and upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy as diagnostic utilities in detecting a sliding hiatus hernia in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) symptoms. Material and Methods: For both diagnostic modalities, the data [...] Read more.
Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to compare high-resolution manometry (HRM) and upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy as diagnostic utilities in detecting a sliding hiatus hernia in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) symptoms. Material and Methods: For both diagnostic modalities, the data obtained from 31 patients (20 females; mean age 48.2) who qualified for Nissen fundoplication were analysed using oesophageal pressure topography in line with the Chicago Classification. Confirmation of hiatus hernia during the surgery was considered the gold standard. HRM protocol involved 10 consecutive boluses of 10 mL of water. Results: Sliding hiatus hernia was confirmed intraoperatively in 29 out of 31 patients. In 14 patients, hiatus hernia was detected in HRM, while 19 patients were found to have hiatus hernia by upper GI endoscopy before surgery. No false positive results were obtained in HRM, while 15 false negative results were shown. In upper GI endoscopy, false positive data were observed in 1 patient, while false negative results were found in 10 patients. Thus, the sensitivity of HRM in detecting hiatus hernia was 48% (95%CIs: 29–67%), and sensitivity of upper GI endoscopy was 66% (95%CIs: 46–82%). It was not possible to assess the specificity of HRM or upper GI endoscopy because only 2 of 31 patients had no hiatus hernia during fundoplication (gold standard). False negative results (sensitivity) were not significantly different between compared diagnostic modalities HRM and upper GI endoscopy (52% vs. 34%, respectively, p = 0.29). Conclusions: Due to poor sensitivity, both modalities, i.e., HRM and upper GI endoscopy, are not reliable tools to diagnose sliding hiatus hernia in patients with GORD symptoms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
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7 pages, 387 KiB  
Systematic Review
Correlation between Bruxism and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder and Their Effects on Tooth Wear. A Systematic Review
by Alessandro Nota, Laura Pittari, Martina Paggi, Silvio Abati and Simona Tecco
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(4), 1107; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11041107 - 19 Feb 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2940
Abstract
Bruxism and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) can lead to wear of the dental tissues. Wear has a mechanical or chemical origin, and it is of extrinsic or intrinsic type. Bruxism and GERD are two etiological factors of dental wear. The intrinsic mechanical wear (abfraction) [...] Read more.
Bruxism and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) can lead to wear of the dental tissues. Wear has a mechanical or chemical origin, and it is of extrinsic or intrinsic type. Bruxism and GERD are two etiological factors of dental wear. The intrinsic mechanical wear (abfraction) of Bruxism and intrinsic chemical wear (erosion) of GERD are both involved in sleep disorders; indeed, they could have associations and act in synergy in dental wear. The purpose of this review was to find out the possible associations between bruxism and GERD and their effects on tooth wear. The research was conducted on PubMed and the Cochrane Library using the following Keywords/Mesh Terms: Tooth wear, Bruxism, Sleep Bruxism, Sleep Disorders, or GERD. Only systematic reviews and clinical studies performed exclusively on human subjects were included in the review. Initially, the research gave more than 630 results on dental wear, bruxism and GERD and after application of the inclusion criteria irrelevant studies were excluded, and 5 studies were finally included in this review. It was possible to observe the presence of some associations between the two problems (reflux and GERD) and hypothesize negative effects on tooth wear. This research revealed the presence of an interconnection between these three problems (reflux, GERD and tooth wear) that can further act in synergy by attacking the hard dental tissues both from a chemical (reflux) and mechanical (bruxism) point of view. The dentist could play a role of “sentinel” in a multidisciplinary team, intercepting these problems early in order to treat them in the most appropriate way. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42021234209. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
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