Infection, Super Infection and Antimicrobial Management in ICU—Series 2

Dear Colleagues,

The recent Special Issue of the Journal of Clinical Medicine titled ‘Infection, Super-infection and Antimicrobial Management in ICU’ has been viewed 12082 times and received 28 citations supporting the idea that the problem of infection remains central to intensive care.

Indeed, infections cause over 50% of admissions, and over 50% of patients admitted acquire a (further) infection during hospitalization.

But "new" aspects contribute to the enrichment of the current scenario.

The development of rapid microbiological diagnostics, increasingly present in our laboratories, is changing the global scenario in terms of diagnostic timing and accuracy, with related impacts on antimicrobial therapies.

Likewise, the introduction of techniques for monitoring the plasma doses of antimicrobials (therapeutic drug monitoring) is certainly modifying the knowledge of aspects of clinical pharmacology and, consequently, the therapeutic approach used.

Nonetheless, the growth of travel, migration, and resistance determinants are "reshuffling" geographical areas, introducing "new" pathologies into areas that were not previously affected by them, with a notable impact in terms of the need for diagnostic recognition and management strategies.

It is, thus, worth considering how viral and fungal infections increasingly affect not only patients undergoing solid organ or marrow transplants but also recipients of innovative treatments who are increasingly exposed to new immunological risk phenotypes.

For all these aspects, a scientific, in-depth analysis of infections in critical areas remains essential and multifaceted, further expanding the contexts worthy of possible in-depth analysis.

The previous Special Issue focused on the following subjects:

• Importance of superinfections in COVID-19 patients who are typically characterized by immunosuppression related to viral infection, need prolonged hospitalization, and are treated with immunomodulatory therapies (steroids, monoclonal antibodies, etc.);
• Superinfections’ impact on outcomes in a cohort of patients who are relatively young and have few comorbidities but require prolonged invasive support;
• Incidence, characteristics, and impact of bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant, Gram-negative pathogens in the context of COVID-19-related disease;
• Incidence, characteristics, and impact of fungal infections, such as the most known invasive aspergillosis, as well as candidemia and/or other fungal infections (e.g., mucormycosis);
• Antimicrobial surveillance, control, and management measures as implemented on a local, national, and international basis;

This second edition of this Special Issue further expands its range of interest, including—but not limited to—the following new themes:

• Infections by multi-resistant pathogens and therapeutic strategies;
• Serious infections in immunosuppressed patients;
• Invasive bacterial infections;
• Viral infections in critically ill patients;
• Impact of new immunomodulatory therapies;
• Impact of extracorporeal support strategies in severe infections;
• Emerging infections and management strategies.

Prof. Dr. Luca Brazzi
Dr. Giorgia Montrucchio
Guest Editors

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• superinfections
• multidrug-resistant pathogens
• antimicrobial stewardship
• intensive care medicine
• bacterial infections and mycoses
• viral infections
• immunosuppression
• disease and emerging infections
• arthropod-borne viruses
• anti-infective agents
• therapeutic drug monitoring

• Infection, Super Infection and Antimicrobial Management in ICU in Journal of Clinical Medicine (10 articles)