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Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: Management of Risk Factors
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Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: Management of Risk Factors

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiovascular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2024 | Viewed by 1152

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alfredo Caturano

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
Interests: cardiovascular pharmacology; diabetes pharmacology; brugada syndrome; NAFLD; cardiovascular risk
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Teresa Salvatore

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
Interests: diabetes; gestational diabetes; metformin; metabolic syndrome; cardiovascular disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular disease and diabetes are two interrelated and significant health concerns that pose substantial challenges globally. Moreover, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality globally, and the prevalence of diabetes continues to rise at an alarming rate. The convergence of these two chronic conditions poses significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality globally, accounting for a significant number of deaths. According to estimates from 2019, approximately 17.9 million people died from CVDs, which represents 32% of all global deaths. The majority of these deaths, around 85%, were attributed to heart attacks and strokes. These alarming statistics are often influenced by the coexistence of metabolic diseases, particularly diabetes. Diabetes is a prevalent metabolic disorder, affecting approximately 422 million individuals worldwide, with a higher concentration in low- and middle-income countries. Each year, 1.5 million deaths are directly linked to diabetes. The relationship between CVDs and diabetes is significant, with diabetes being a significant risk factor for the development and progression of CVDs. Therefore, it is imperative to prioritize early detection and prevention strategies to mitigate the impact of CVDs and diabetes.

Given the complexity of this topic and its impact on clinical practice and public health, the Journal of Clinical Medicine is launching a Special Issue entitled “Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: Management of Risk Factors” with the aim of providing a comprehensive overview of the risk factors associated with CVD and diabetes, as well as highlighting the latest advancements in their management. This Special Issue will feature a collection of original research articles, reviews, and clinical studies that delve into various aspects of risk factor management, encompassing lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and emerging therapeutic approaches. It is my privilege to invite you and your co-workers to share your experience and expertise by submitting original research articles, systematic reviews, and review articles reporting new ideas and recent advances about this unique topic.

Dr. Alfredo Caturano
Dr. Teresa Salvatore
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiovascular disease
  • diabetes
  • risk factors
  • management
  • prevention
  • comorbidity
  • lifestyle modifications
  • pharmacological interventions
  • behavioral risk factors
  • metabolic disease
  • early detection
  • intervention strategies
  • obesity
  • hypertension
  • dyslipidemia
  • insulin resistance
  • glycemic control
  • precision medicine
  • personalized interventions
  • epidemiology

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 451 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Categories and Achievement of Therapeutic Targets in European Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
by Delia Reurean-Pintilei, Claudia-Gabriela Potcovaru, Teodor Salmen, Liliana Mititelu-Tartau, Delia Cinteză, Sandra Lazăr, Anca Pantea Stoian, Romulus Timar and Bogdan Timar
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(8), 2196; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13082196 - 10 Apr 2024
Viewed by 415
Abstract
Background: Individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are more prone to experiencing severe cardiovascular (CV) events, often occurring at a younger age, due to a complex interplay of risk factors. T2DM diagnosis inherently classifies patients as belonging to a higher CV [...] Read more.
Background: Individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are more prone to experiencing severe cardiovascular (CV) events, often occurring at a younger age, due to a complex interplay of risk factors. T2DM diagnosis inherently classifies patients as belonging to a higher CV risk group. In light of the increased susceptibility to severe CV outcomes, our study aims to assess the distribution of CV risk categories and the attainment of therapeutic targets among Romanian patients diagnosed with T2DM. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed, including 885 patients diagnosed with T2DM who were consecutively admitted to a secondary care hospital unit between January and July 2019. Data collection included demographics, lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and medication specifics for T2DM and associated conditions. Patients were stratified into CV risk categories based on the ESC/EAS guidelines, encompassing moderate, high, and very high risk categories. The rationale for selecting these guidelines for CV risk categories was that they were current and provided best practice recommendations for T2DM patients during the cross-sectional evaluation. We assessed therapeutic target achievement rates for LDL-C, HbA1C, and BP for each CV risk category. Additionally, we examined utilization rates of statins and novel cardio- and reno-protective, non-insulin antidiabetic medications. Results: The group’s average age was 62.9 ± 7.7 years and comprised 53.7% females. An average HbA1c level of 7.1 ± 1.3% was observed in the group. Within the cohort, 83% had hypertension, with a mean systolic BP of 132 ± 16.2 mm Hg and mean diastolic BP of 80 ± 9.6 mm Hg. Additionally, 64.6% of patients were obese, with a mean body mass index of 32.3 ± 5.3 kg/m2. Mean LDL-C levels varied across the different CV risk categories: 106.6 ± 35.6 mg/dL in the very high risk category, 113 ± 39.3 mg/dL in the high risk category, and 124.3 ± 38.3 mg/dL in the moderate risk category. Most treatment schemes included metformin (87.0%) and statins (67.0%), with variable use rates for other glucose-lowering and CV risk-modifying therapies. The percentage of patients using GLP-1 RAs was 8.1%, while 3.9% used SGLT2 inhibitors. Conclusions: Most Romanian patients with T2DM are at very high or high CV risk. Despite reaching glycemic control targets, most patients are not achieving the composite target, which includes, besides glycemic control, BP values and lipid profile. Many patients with T2DM are not benefiting from DM therapies with additional cardiorenal benefits or statins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: Management of Risk Factors)
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11 pages, 550 KiB  
Article
Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference as Predictors of Above-Average Increased Cardiovascular Risk Assessed by the SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP Calculators and the Proposition of New Optimal Cut-Off Values: Cross-Sectional Single-Center Study
by Szymon Suwała and Roman Junik
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(7), 1931; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13071931 - 27 Mar 2024
Viewed by 409
Abstract
Background: Obesity has been perceived as one of the important cardiovascular risk factors, but SCORE2 calculators used in clinical practice do not include the most popular parameters assessed for body composition: body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). The objective of this [...] Read more.
Background: Obesity has been perceived as one of the important cardiovascular risk factors, but SCORE2 calculators used in clinical practice do not include the most popular parameters assessed for body composition: body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). The objective of this research was to determine which of the aforementioned variables is a more reliable predictor of an above-average increased cardiovascular risk for gender and age (ICVR). Methods: Data from 2061 patients were analyzed; the 10-year risk of cardiovascular events was assessed by SCORE2 tables, and the correlations with BMI and WC were analyzed. Results: BMI and WC independently predicted ICVR (OR 1.10–1.27). In males, BMI was a more accurate predictor (AUC = 0.816); however, in females, it was WC (AUC = 0.739). A novel threshold for BMI (27.6 kg/m2) was suggested, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease by 3.3–5.3 times depending on gender; the same holds true for WC (93 cm in women and 99 cm in men; 3.8–4.8-fold higher risk). Conclusions: Despite their heterogeneity, BMI and WC are effective cardiovascular risk predictors, especially BMI for males and WC for females; therefore, more research is needed to include them in future models for predicting unfavorable cardiometabolic events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: Management of Risk Factors)
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