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Clinical Perspectives on Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases
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Clinical Perspectives on Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology & Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 May 2024 | Viewed by 3010

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sarantis Livadas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Endocrine Unit, Athens Medical Center, 151 25 Athens, Greece
Interests: insulin resistance; clinical endocrinology; diabetes; polycystic ovary syndrome; thyroid diseases; adrenals
Dr. Rodis D. Paparodis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
Interests: thyroid cancer; parathyroid tumors; treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nicholaos Angelopoulos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Endocrine Unit, Athens Medical Centre, Athens, Greece
2. Private Practice, 26G Venizelou St, 65302 Kavala, Greece
Interests: endocrinology; metabolism; thyroid; diabetes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thyroid diseases encompass a range of conditions affecting the thyroid gland, a small butterfly shaped organ located in the neck. These diseases arise due to imbalances in thyroid hormone production, leading to either overactive (hyperthyroidism) or underactive (hypothyroidism) thyroid function. Hyperthyroidism results from excessive production of thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and anxiety. On the other hand, hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland fails to produce enough hormones, causing fatigue, weight gain, and depression. Other thyroid disorders include thyroid nodules, goiter, and thyroid cancer.

Diagnosis of thyroid diseases involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests, and imaging techniques such as ultrasound or thyroid scans. Treatment options vary depending on the specific condition but may include medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery. It is crucial to manage thyroid diseases effectively, as they can have significant impacts on overall health and well-being. Regular monitoring, adherence to prescribed medication, and lifestyle modifications are essential for long-term management.

This issue aims to collect clinical, experimental, and review studies that improve knowledge in the field of thyroid diseases. We look forward to receiving your contributions to this Special Issue.

Dr. Sarantis Livadas
Dr. Rodis D. Paparodis
Dr. Nicholaos Angelopoulos
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thyroid diseases
  • hyperthyroidism
  • hypothyroidism
  • graves' disease
  • thyroid cancer
  • hormone replacement therapy
  • endocrinology

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 975 KiB  
Article
Clinical Aspects in Subacute Thyroiditis: A Real-Life Study on 226 Cases in Greece Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Nikolaos Angelopoulos, Dimitrios P. Askitis, Ioannis Androulakis, Nicolas Valvis, Rodis Paparodis, Valentina Petkova, Anastasios Boniakos, Dimitra Zianni, Ilias Perogamvros, Konstantinos Toulis, Sarantis Livadas and Ioannis Iakovou
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(22), 7171; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12227171 - 18 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1554
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate various therapeutic approaches, identify potential predictive factors for the recurrence and development of hypothyroidism, and examine specific clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with subacute thyroiditis (SAT) due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical [...] Read more.
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate various therapeutic approaches, identify potential predictive factors for the recurrence and development of hypothyroidism, and examine specific clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with subacute thyroiditis (SAT) due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 226 patients with confirmed SAT diagnosed from January 2020 to November 2022. Results: The mean age was 48.01 ± 0.75 years, and the F/M ratio was 2.3/1. At the end of the follow-up period, 69 patients (32.1%) had developed hypothyroidism. Treatment duration was significantly shorter with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (17.40 ± 2.56 days), while time-to-symptom relief was shorter with glucocorticoids (CGs). Recurrence was observed only in those treated with corticosteroid preparations (14.1%). C-reactive protein levels at treatment discontinuation were higher in patients who experienced SAT recurrence, while the coexistence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was a significant predictive factor for the development of hypothyroidism. The TSH value at the time of treatment withdrawal >4.12 μIU/mL showed optimal sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of permanent hypothyroidism. Regarding COVID-19, 34 patients (15%) experienced related SAT, with similar clinical manifestations of the disease but a higher BMI and shorter time-to-symptom relief. Conclusion: In conclusion, GCs administration alleviated acute symptoms earlier during the onset of SAT, whereas NSAIDs had a shorter treatment duration, and both regimens could not prevent the development of delayed hypothyroidism. The clinical characteristics of SAT due to COVID-19 infections were similar to those of typical SAT disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Perspectives on Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases)
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Review

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35 pages, 543 KiB  
Review
Thyroid Disorders in Systemic Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review
by Aifer Cherim, Răzvan-Cosmin Petca, Mihai-Cristian Dumitrascu, Aida Petca, Elisabeta Candrea and Florica Sandru
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(2), 415; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13020415 - 11 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1174
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis, also referred to as scleroderma, is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects both internal organs and the skin. Systemic sclerosis predominantly affects female patients and can coexist with other disorders, including those affecting the thyroid gland. Common symptoms such as fatigue [...] Read more.
Systemic sclerosis, also referred to as scleroderma, is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects both internal organs and the skin. Systemic sclerosis predominantly affects female patients and can coexist with other disorders, including those affecting the thyroid gland. Common symptoms such as fatigue and weight changes can be attributed to either systemic sclerosis or thyroid disease. In this comprehensive review, an extensive analysis is conducted using research from 2002 to 2022, sourced from PubMed. The main focus of this exploration is to understand the intricate relationship between thyroid disorders and systemic sclerosis. We obtained these results by analyzing a number of 32285 patients included in 21 original studies. The existing evidence suggests that there is a higher incidence of elevated TSH levels and hypothyroidism in patients with systemic sclerosis, particularly in females, compared to the general population. This remains true even when comparing patients from iodine-deficient regions. Additionally, there is an increased occurrence of hyperthyroidism in the context of systemic sclerosis, which negatively impacts the prognosis of these patients. Furthermore, thyroid antibodies, predominantly anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies, and autoimmune disorders are more commonly observed in individuals with systemic sclerosis. Although thyroid nodules are not specifically linked to the disease, when considering thyroid volume, it is observed that the thyroid gland in systemic sclerosis patients has a decreased volume, possibly due to fibrosis. Conversely, other studies have revealed that patients without autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) are more likely to have a history of digital ulcers, pulmonary fibrosis detected by computed tomography scan, and a requirement for immunosuppressive medication. The majority of the studies did not establish a connection between thyroid disease in these patients and the occurrence of the limited or diffuse forms of systemic sclerosis, as well as the presence of digital ulcers, calcinosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, scleroderma renal crisis, Raynaud phenomenon, and various other clinical manifestations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Perspectives on Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases)
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