New Clinical Advances in Pediatric Allergic Diseases

Dear Colleagues,

Pediatric allergic diseases encompass a group of conditions including food allergy, atopic dermatitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, that share several inflammatory pathways and risk factors.

In the last decade, several studies have shown that an early introduction of allergenic foods prevents the development of food allergies, especially in children that are at high risk of conditions such as eczema; however, the dose, frequency and duration to reach oral tolerance as well as the role of other environmental factors need to be further explored.

The increasing availability of new foods poses an increasing likelihood of the development of novel allergens and risk for severe allergic reactions.

New insights in non-IgE and mixed food allergies increase awareness of these conditions among clinicians; nonetheless, the diagnosis remain challenging given the variability in symptom presentation, clinical similarity to other diseases and the lack of a pathogenic diagnostic tests or biomarkers.

The increasing knowledge of different phenotypes and endotypes has shifted the existing paradigms in the approach to allergic diseases, moving towards a personalized approach. Concerning food allergies, individuals who need higher levels of allergen exposure to induce symptoms may be able to take a less restrictive approach to allergen avoidance.

Active management options, such as food immunotherapy, also show promise in increasing the threshold of reaction, providing patients with alternatives to strict food avoidance.

Many new treatment options are available for school age asthma, including biological targeting type-2 inflammation, but a paucity of options are available for children with poorly controlled asthma, who do not have evidence of type 2 inflammation.

Before personalizing one’s treatment, it is pivotal to make a correct diagnosis, avoiding the risk of misdiagnosis, and optimize basic management.

The aim of this Special Issue is to bring up-to-date information on new clinical advances in pediatric allergic diseases, and we welcome manuscripts that address any of these issues.

Dr. Enza D'Auria
Guest Editor

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• allergic diseases
• biomarkers
• tailor treatment
• allergen immunotherapy
• biologics